• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.44-58
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• 2017

The inspection for building occupancy authorization has lacked objectivity due to manual measurement methods. This is why connivance of the illegal buildings has been rampant, which has led to so many incidents. Consequently, this law has lost its intent to protect people's lives and property. In this study, for the purpose of improvement of this law, the research was conducted by the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicle for automated inspection for building occupancy authorization. Theoretical considerations about building occupancy authorization and the trend of UAV technology were accomplished. Secondly, a series of reverse engineering was conducted including digital photography, network RTK-VRS surveying and post-processing data. Thirdly, the resultant spatial information was used for building occupancy inspection authorization in a BIM platform and the effectiveness and applicability of UAV-based inspection was analyzed. As a result, methodology for UAV-based automated building occupancy inspection authorization was derived. And it was found that eleven items would be possible to be automated among thirty total items for building occupancy authorization. Also it was found that UAV-based automated inspection could be valid in inspecting building occupancy authorization due to authentic accuracy, effectiveness and applicability with government policy.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5987-5992
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• 2013

본 연구는 도로분야의 정보모델 표준 구축을 목표로 하고 있으며 도로 배수시설을 대상으로 IFC 스키마의 토목요소 확장 방안을 제시하였다. 국내 도로설계 관련 문헌 분석을 통해 도로 배수시설 중 IFC 모델로 정의가 가능한 구성요소를 도출하였으며 IFC 엔티티를 정의하였고 속성으로 정의가 가능한 배수시설 별 설계 정보를 도출하여 IFC 프로퍼티로 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 IFC 스키마를 도로 배수시설에 적합하도록 확장 할 수 있으며 추가적인 도로 시설물을 수용할 수 있는 IFC 스키마가 개발된다면 이를 통해 향후 공정관리, 비용 산출 및 시뮬레이션 등이 가능한 어플리케이션에서 상호운용성을 유지하며 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2013

Due to an increase in the number of large-scale and high rise buildings, the importance of indoor location information has been highlighted. As a result, seamless three-dimensional space information, linked to various indoor and outdoor services is required. The purpose of this study is to develop a system which can edit and operate indoor space information using the IndoorGML(Geography Markup Language). It provides functions such as converting and editing authoring indoor space using the IndoorGML. Based on defined schema which is the IndoorGML international standardization work, we develop the "Editor" and "Viewer" for the IndoorGML. When indoor space is modeled in an authoring tool, a variety of topologies can be created automatically. These are available to be edited and modified. Moreover, the file of model can be saved as IndoorGML, SBM and KML file. These files are viewed by the "Viewer". Indoor LBS(Location Based Service)is served with these principles.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.227-228
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• 2012

In contemporary architectural practice, flat sections and plan drawings are no longer a primary means of representation and communication with participants. A typical building design has an ornamental exterior wall system and a roof system that should have water-proof quality and drainage function. By comparison, distinction between exterior wall and roof are unclear in freeform buildings, and they are integrated into a concept of a building envelope. This study is to propose 3D coordinate control technology for freeform structure by CNC curved tube method in order to develop a BIM-based envelope design and construction method for freeform building. Because a much wider freeform building construction can be achieved with correct 3D data and easy-to-implement in construction field, the proposed 3D coordinate control technology is highly recommended for practical use instead of the conventional CAD system.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.655-666
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• 2014

최근 건설공사에 디자인적 요소가 많이 강조 되면서 비정형 구조물이 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 여러 소프트웨어들이 BIM환경에서 3D객체의 물량산출기능을 제공하고 있지만, 솔리드 모델기반 정형화된 객체의 제한된 물량산출기능을 제공하고 있다. 비정형 토목 구조물과 같이 수직적 단면형상의 변화정도가 심한 3D객체는 다수의 곡면 표현을 포함하므로 솔리드로 모델링하는데 많은 노력이 필요하며, 해당 모델이 포함한 기하정보의 수가 방대하기 때문에 특정한 단면에 대한 기하정보를 추출하기가 용이치 않다. 이러한 이유로 비정형 구조물을 솔리드 모델의 3D객체로 표현하는 데에는 한계가 따른다. 반면 서피스 모델은 비정형 객체의 형상을 비교적 자유로이 표현할 수 있고, 점, 선, 면으로만 이루어진 모델이기 때문에 정보의 용량이 적다. 따라서 대부분이 복잡한 형태로 방대한 양의 설계작업을 필요로 하는 토목공사의 설계정보 용량을 고려한다면, 서피스 모델링은 토목구조물 설계와 물량산출에 유리한 모델링 방법이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 건설공사 비정형 구조물의 설계 작업에 유리한 서피스 모델기반의 3D객체를 이용한 비정형 객체의 물량산출 알고리즘을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 제시된 방법론은 사례적용을 통하여 수계산 및 기존 솔리드방식의 물량산출결과와 비교하여 정확성을 검증하고 있다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.75-84
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• 2020

Modular construction is a construction method whereby prefabricated volumetric units are produced in a factory and are installed on site to form a building block. The construction productivity can be substantially improved by the manufacturing and assembly of standardized modular units. 3D printing is a computer-controlled fabrication method first adopted in the manufacturing industry and was utilized for the automated construction of small-scale houses in recent years. Implementing 3D printing in the fabrication of modular units brings huge benefits to modular construction, including increased customization, lower material waste, and reduced labor work. Such implementation also benefits the large-scale and wider adoption of 3D printing in engineering practice. However, a critical issue for 3D printed modules is the loading capacity, particularly in response to horizontal forces like wind load, which requires a deeper understanding of the building structure behavior and the design of load-bearing modules. Therefore, this paper presents the state-of-the-art literature concerning recent achievement in 3D printing for buildings, followed by discussion on the opportunities and challenges for examining 3D printing in modular construction. Promising 3D printing techniques are critically reviewed and discussed with regard to their advantages and limitations in construction. The appropriate structural form needs to be determined at the design stage, taking into consideration the overall building structural behavior, site environmental conditions (e.g., wind), and load-carrying capacity of the 3D printed modules. Detailed finite element modelling of the entire modular buildings needs to be conducted to verify the structural performance, considering the code-stipulated lateral drift, strength criteria, and other design requirements. Moreover, integration of building information modelling (BIM) method is beneficial for generating the material and geometric details of the 3D printed modules, which can then be utilized for the fabrication.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1249-1249
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• 2022

The facade, an exterior material of a building, is one of the crucial factors that determine its morphological identity and its functional levels, such as energy performance, earthquake and fire resistance. However, regardless of the type of exterior materials, huge property and human casualties are continuing due to frequent exterior materials dropout accidents. The quality of the building envelope depends on the detailed design and is closely related to the back frames that support the exterior material. Detailed design means the creation of a shop drawing, which is the stage of developing the basic design to a level where construction is possible by specifying the exact necessary details. However, due to chronic problems in the construction industry, such as reducing working hours and the lack of design personnel, detailed design is not being appropriately implemented. Considering these characteristics, it is necessary to develop the detailed design process of exterior materials and works based on the domain-expert knowledge of the construction industry using artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, this study aims to establish a detailed design automation algorithm for AI-based condition-responsive exterior wall panels and their back frames. The scope of the study is limited to "detailed design" performed based on the working drawings during the exterior work process and "stone panels" among exterior materials. First, working-level data on stone works is collected to analyze the existing detailed design process. After that, design parameters are derived by analyzing factors that affect the design of the building's exterior wall and back frames, such as structure, floor height, wind load, lift limit, and transportation elements. The relational expression between the derived parameters is derived, and it is algorithmized to implement a rule-based AI design. These algorithms can be applied to detailed designs based on 3D BIM to automatically calculate quantity and unit price. The next goal is to derive the iterative elements that occur in the process and implement a robotic process automation (RPA)-based system to link the entire "Detailed design-Quality calculation-Order process." This study is significant because it expands the design automation research, which has been rather limited to basic and implemented design, to the detailed design area at the beginning of the construction execution and increases the productivity by using AI. In addition, it can help fundamentally improve the working environment of the construction industry through the development of direct and applicable technologies to practice.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2021

조경의 설계 행위는 설계가의 사고체계 내에서 형성되는 개념과 그것이 형상화되는 구체적인 재현 그리고 이를 실질적인 재료로 구축하는 일련의 과정으로 이루어지며, 이러한 디자인 프로세스는 4차 산업혁명 시대의 컴퓨터 기술과 IT 생태계의 비약적인 발전으로 많은 변화를 마주하고 있다. 컴퓨터 테크놀로지는 산업 초기에 수학적 계산(calculation)과 입력 데이터의 시각적 표현(graphic representation on display) 등 비교적 단순한 목적으로 개발되었다. 하지만 ibm과 매킨토시(macintosh)를 시작으로 개인용 컴퓨터(personal computer)의 성공적인 보급 이후 프로그램 언어와 하드웨어가 급속히 발전하고, 알고리즘(algorithm) 및 응용 소프트웨어가 전문화되면서 컴퓨터의 활용 목적이 사회 전반에 걸쳐 매우 다양해졌다. 본 연구는 이러한 디지털 사회 맥락의 변화를 바탕으로 컴퓨테이셔널 디자인(computational design), 파라메트릭 디자인(parametric design) 및 알고리즘 디자인(algorithm design) 등의 새로운 설계 방법들이 조경 설계 과정에서 어떠한 기능과 역할을 할 수 있는지에 관한 현황 및 쟁점을 진단하였으며, 그중 최근 가장 주목받는 파라메트릭 테크놀로지를 적극적으로 이용하는 디자인 방법론에 집중해 연구를 진행했다. 우선 현대 조경 및 건축 전반에서 파라메트릭 디자인의 주요 개념 및 특징들에 대해 살펴 논의의 근거를 마련했다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 조경 분야에서 파라메트릭 디자인 활용에 관한 선행 연구를 분석하고, 조경 설계 회사들의 실제 활용 현황에 대해 분석했다. 그 결과, 조경 분야에서 파라메트릭 디자인 활용에 관한 연구는 연구의 수나 다양성 측면에서 타 분야와 비교했을 때 아직 충분한 논의가 진행되지 않은 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 사용 현황 분석에서는 최근 국외 조경 회사들을 중심으로 새로운 테크놀로지를 적극적으로 활용하려는 다양한 움직임이 조사되었다. 마지막으로 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 조경 설계 분야에서 파라메트릭 디자인 활용의 구체적인 사례 및 추후 다양한 가능성에 대해 검토했다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2022

Construction industry is considered as one of the oldest industries in the world since human came into being and the need of their own space is realized. All this led to make the world a space of many beautiful constructive ventures. As per the requirements of today's world, every industry is recognizing the need for use and adoption of modern as well as innovative technologies due to their benefits and timely production. Now construction industry has also started adopting the use of modern and innovative technologies during their projects but still the rate of adoption is so slow. From design to completion, construction projects take a lot to manage for which technology based solutions have continuously been proposed. These include Computer Aided Design (CAD), building information modeling (BIM) and cloud computing have been proved to be much successful until now. The construction projects are high budgeted, and direly require timely and successful completion with quality, resource and other constraints. So, the researchers observe the need of more clear and technology based communication between the construction projects and its constructors and other stakeholders is required before and during the construction to take timely precautions for expected issues. This study has analyzed the use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology adopting GammaAR, and ARki applications in construction industry. It has been found that both applications are light-weighted, upgradable, provide offline availability and collaborative environment as well as fulfil most of the requirements of the construction industry except the cost. These applications also support different screen size for better visualization and deep understanding. Both applications are analyzed, based on construction's application requirements, usability of AR and ratings of applications user collected from application's platform. The purpose of this research is to provide a detail insight of construction applications which are using AR to facilitate both the future developers and consumers.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3307-3314
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• 2012

농어촌 주택 표준모델에 대한 연간 건물에너지요구량을 DesignBuilder를 사용하여 계산하였다. 실내설정온도, 외벽의 열관류율, 창호타입, 환기량을 변화시키며 건물의 설계/운영 변수들이 에너지요구량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 건물의 크기와 상관없이 난방에너지요구량이 냉방에너지요구량보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단열재 두께를 증가시켜 외벽의 열관류율을 감소시키면 단열효과의 증가로 난방에너지요구량은 감소하지만 냉방에너지요구량이 증가한다. 하지만 외벽의 열관류율 조절을 통한 난방에너지요구량의 절감에는 한계가 있으므로 외부에 직접 노출된 외벽의 면적을 최소화하는 것이 더 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 계산에 사용된 4가지 창호 중 일반 이중창호가 난방에너지요구량 측면에서 가장 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 침기량은 일정하게 유지하고 단위시간당 환기량을 증가시킨 경우 냉방에너지요구량은 큰 변화가 없었으나 난방에너지요구량이 증가하였다. 실내의 공기질이 만족되는 범위 내에서 환기량을 최소화하는 것이 연간 건물에너지요구량을 줄이는데 유리한 것으로 판단된다.