• 조형예술학연구
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• 제11권
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• pp.221-249
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• 2007

오늘날 사진은 새로운 테크놀로지 형태인 디지털 이미지 프로세싱 앞에 심각한 정체성 위기와 존재론적 딜레마에 봉착했다. 사진은 그동안 우리에게 세상을 새롭게 바라보는 방법을 제공하고, 또 우리 스스로 주변을 돌아볼 수 있는 자각을 주었으며, 나아가 삶의 리얼리티의 본질을 재인식시키는데 크게 기여했다. 그런 사진의 기능이 오늘날 무력화되고 있다. 디지털 테크놀로지의 출현으로 사진은 더 이상 사실의 기록, 결백의 증거, 그리고 리얼리티의 거울로서 간주되지 않는다. 오히려 유희의 도구 혹은 우리가 사는 세계의 환영과 기쁨을 창조하는 수단으로 간주된다. 그러나, 디지털 테크놀로지의 출현은 이제 비로소 사진의 존재론적 당위성과 정체성의 문제를 냉정히 돌아보게 한다. 본 논고는 전자시뮬레이션 시대 새로운 이미지 생산의 첨병으로 등장한 디지털 이미지의 존재론적 측면을 규명하는데 있다. 이를 위해 인류의 첫 번째 프로그램 미학으로 말해지는 사진과 첨단테크놀로지 미학으로 말해지는 디지털 이미지와의 관계를 기계미학적 관점에서 살펴보려 한다. 특히 올드미디어(사진)와 뉴미디어(디지털) 사이에 갈등 구조를 자본주의 역사관과 물질적 관점에서 살펴보려 한다. 본 논고는 이를 위해 우선 사진의 정체성 위기와 존재론적 위협이 어디로부터 발현된 것인지를 살피고, 또 지금까지 생산된 매체 미학적 담론들이 어떤 비평적 쟁점 속에 놓였는지를 살피고자 한다. 특히 사진이 강점으로 여긴 존재론적 인덱스와 생성론적 텍스트에 주목하여 사진 재현의 기반인 사실적 기록, 명료한 증거, 그리고 기술적 정교성이 어떤 기계미학의 층위에 있는지를 디지털 이미지를 대척에 두고 분석하고자 한다. 그리하여 최근 일고 있는 사진의 죽음, 사진의 종말에 관한 담론들이 심각한 오류가 있음을 지적하고자 한다. 올드 테크놀로지로서 사진이 당면한 위기, 즉 현재 사진이 안고 있는 존재론적 위기(컴퓨터화 된 디지털 이미지 출현) 그리고 인식론적 위기(윤리, 지식, 가치관 등 급격한 문화 변동)는 매체미학의 본질상 당연한 위기임을 정당화하고자 한다. 본 논문은 이 같은 주장을 위하여 역사적으로 사진술이 어떤 생성과 소멸의 과정을 거쳤으며, 또 어떻게 지금의 디지털 이미지에 이르게 되었는지 테크놀로지 미학 안에서 자동생성주의로서 색인 이미지, 디지털 코드로서 수치 이미지의 생성, 기원, 본질 그리고 정체성을 규명하고자 한다. 특히 본 논고는 논지의 정당성을 위해 다양한 매체미학자들의 주의주장 및 이론적 쟁점을 분석하고자 한다. 또 분석틀을 통해서 테크놀로지 미학의 근간인 기계, 기술성을 바탕으로 한 사진의 생성적 측면과 문화 안에서 변형된 프로그램에 의해 창조되는 디지털 이미지의 변형적 측면의 본질을 파악하고자 한다. 이렇게 사진과 디지털 이미지의 양자의 비교를 통해서 테크놀로지 미학 안에서 올드 미디어(사진)와 뉴 미디어(디지털 이미지)의 자리바꿈은 정당한 것이라는 사실과, 이런 역설적인 구조야말로 기계, 기술을 바탕으로 삼는 테크놀로지 매체의 숙명성이라는 사실을 강조함으로써 논문의 정당성을 강화하고자 한다. 마지막으로 본 논고는 하나의 얼굴, 하나의 정체성으로 자리할 수 없다는 사실을 역사로서 확증하고, 또 사진에서 부동의 존재론과 인식론의 모습은 애초부터 불가능하다는 사실을 지적함으로써 오늘날 제기되고 있는 '사진의 죽음,' '사진의 종말'은 쟁점의 정당성에도 불구하고 매체미학의 역사를 간과하는 오도된 비평이라는 사실을 결론으로 도출하고자 한다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.177-198
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• 2018

최근 경제재로서 수자원(Water Resources)의 속성이 공공재 성격을 동시에 띠면서 수자원기술의 측정과 성과 관리 체계를 확보하고 활용해야 할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 그 동안 수자원기술의 평가는 대부분 순현재가치(NPV)나 비용편익효과(B/C)를 바탕으로 경제성 평가(Feasibility Study) 혹은 기술(환경)영향평가(Technology Assessment)로 수행되어 왔으며, 연구성과의 확산과 피드백을 받을 수 있는 기술 기반 사업의 경제적 가치를 객관적으로 평가하는 모델은 체계화되지 않았다. 그리하여, 본 연구에서는 K-water(한국수자원공사)가 담당하고 있는 수자원분야의 기술적 특성에 적합한 기술평가 체계를 구축할 필요성을 느끼고, 공익형 수자원기술에 대한 기술가치평가 모델을 개발하여 사례를 실증하고자 한다. 본 연구에 적용된 K-water 평가대상기술은 공공재로서, 사회전반에 기여한 가치 및 성과를 측정하고 관리할 수 있는 도구로 활용 가능하다. 예를 들면, 사회전반에 기여한 가치를 산출하여, 편익의 파급효과에 대한 성과 홍보자료, 혹은 비용 투입 당위성에 대한 근거자료로 활용할 수 있고, 공공기술의 특성상 대규모 연구개발 투입 비용에 대한 정당성을 확보할 수 있다. 따라서, 공공재를 다루는 한국의 대표적 공기업인 K-water가 사업 운영상의 전략을 수립하고 투입개발 비용에 대한 성과산출 근거 기반을 구축할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 고에서는 K-water가 담당하고 있는 수자원분야의 기술적 특성에 적합한 기술평가 체계를 기반으로, 공익형 수자원기술에 대한 기술가치평가 모델을 개발하여 사례를 실증하였다. 특히, 일본 산업기술종합연구소(AIST)의 평가방법론을 활용하여 연관 편익항목을 기준으로 비용계정에 매칭시킨 후, 기존의 비용-편익 접근법과 FCF(Free Cash Flow)법의 평가체계를 활용하는 'K-water 고유모델'을 제시하였으며 이를 통해 K-water 연구성과 관리체계 상의 파이프라인을 구축하는 동시에 "해수담수화" 관련 기술에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 수자원 분야 기술의 특성을 반영한 웹기반 가치평가시스템의 설계 구성로직과 평가프로세스를 분석하며, 기술통합관리시스템 상의 공익형 및 수익형 기술가치를 산출하기 위한 각 모델별 참조정보 및 DB 연계로직도 살펴본다. 종래의 타 분야 기술가치평가 시스템이 지닌 재무적 데이터 기반의 사업가치 산출로직에 수자원 특성이 반영된 정성평가지표의 정량화 지수를 함께 반영한 하이브리드형 평가모듈과 실제 웹기반 평가의 UI 구성화면을 검토한다. K-water의 가치평가 모형은 공익형과 수익형 수자원 기술을 구분하여 평가하게 되는데, 먼저 수익형 기술가치평가는 "기술의 경제성"이라고 하는 특성상 외부 산업유형의 수익(Profit)특성을 반영하여 화면을 설계 가능하다. 예를 들어 K-water 기술인벤토리 수도부문 기술은 수처리 멤브레인과 같이 수익 지향 기술이 다수 분포된다. 반면에, 공익형 기술가치평가는 공공의 편익(Benefit)과 비용(Cost)특성을 반영하여 화면을 설계하게 되는데, 댐과 같이 편익을 지향하는 기술을 평가하는데 활용된다. 또한 본 고에서 제시된 비용-편익 기반의 공익형 기술가치평가 모형(K-water 고유 평가모델)에 대한 적정성 검토를 위해 사회적 수명(20년)을 지닌 수자원 기술의 편익흐름 추정으로부터 실제 사례에 적용해 보았으며, 향후에는 다양한 사업환경 특성을 반영한 비즈니스 모델별 평가모형 검증을 추가적으로 수행하고자 한다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2010

今天, 受到成熟零售市场挑战的时装市场需要新的 "品牌发展" 典范来提高他们的竞争优势. 时装市场的一个重要议题是为满足消费者由于生活方式的变化而产生的特别需求所进行的生活方式品牌扩张. 时装品牌扩张到生活方式产品类别, Y世代和婴儿潮可以说是新兴的 "前景"(婴儿潮的消费者正在改变他们的生活方式. Y世代正经历着他们生命阶段的变化). 他们有购买新产品的需求. 因此, 服装公司为品牌扩张注重消费群从而在新的产品类别中建立和管理他们的品牌资产是乐观的. 本文的研究目的是(a)评估母品牌和子品牌的品牌资产. (b)鉴定消费者对品牌扩张的感知营销因素. (c)评估两个选择的群体(Y世代和婴儿潮)的营销因素和扩张到生活方式的产品类别(包括家居时尚产品)品牌的品牌资产之间因果关系的结构方程模型. 关于理论框架, 本文关注传统的营销4P组合来鉴定哪个营销因素在品牌扩张资产方面更重要. 比较营销可以建立 "品牌扩张资产", 从而成功的进入新类别. 借鉴相关的文献, 通过关注选择的消费者(Y世代, 婴儿潮), 本研究发展的研究假设结合了品牌资产因子和营销因素. 在品牌扩张至生活方式产品的背景下, 品牌资产的构念包括品牌认知/联合, 品牌感知(例如感知质量, 情感价值)和从CBBE因子(Keller, 2001)中而来的品牌共鸣. 据推测, 通过品牌扩张至生活方式产品, 市场营销要素在品牌认知/联合, 品牌感知方面创建品牌扩张资产, 进而影响品牌的共鸣. 为了收集数据, 样本由韩国Y世代的女性消费者和在婴儿潮中出生的消费者. 这些在婴儿潮中出生的消费者由于生活周期的改变而对生活方式产品有较高的需求. 在韩国Y世代(n=326)和婴儿潮(n=325)的女性消费者中共有651份有用的问卷被使用. 我们用LISREL8.8测试了使用相关矩阵的结构和测量模型. 结果显示品牌扩张的感知营销因素包括三个因子: 价格/店铺形象, 产品和广告. 在Y世代的模型中, 价格/店铺形象对品牌资产因素有积极的影响(例如品牌认知/联合, 感知质量). 同时, 在品牌扩张中产品对情感价值有积极的影响. 品牌认知/联合有可能提高感知质量和情感价值, 从而对扩张至生活方式产积极的品牌产生品牌共鸣. 在婴儿潮消费者模型中, 价格/店铺形象对感知质量有积极的影响, 感知质量可以创造品牌扩张的品牌共鸣. 产品对质量感知和情感价值有正的影响, 这些都会消费者产生对扩张至生活方式产品的品牌的品牌共鸣. 但是, 在这两个群体中广告和品牌资产都是负相关. 本研究为时装营销者提供了发展成功的品牌扩张战略以及可持续的竞争优势的见解. 本研究补充和扩展了先前的有关通过营销努力的因素促使品牌扩张成功的研究. 研究结果支持为进入新的产品类别, 时装品牌扩张(Aaker and Keller, 1990; Tauber, 1998; Shine et al., 2007; Pitta and Katsanis, 1995)和营销行动的增效作用. 因此, 我们推荐营销者同时针对Y世代和婴儿潮一代通过标准化的营销推广进入新产品类别(例如家具)可以降低营销成本. 时装营销者可以(a)提供高价的产品线. (b)在韩国通过零售渠道(例如专门百货商店)强调高档特征的商店形象定位. (c)结合服装与生活方式产品包括新颖的款式和设计师的限量版. 对品牌资产,成功品牌延伸的关键是消费者的品牌认知度和品牌联合,确保新产品类别的品牌特征. 对于营销者来说, 在进入新产品类别的时候知道什么有助于更具体的联合是必要的. 对时装品牌而言, 品牌扩张的第二个关键是进入 "奢侈" 生活方式新产品类别的途径. 更高的价格或店铺形象都对质量感知有影响. 而质量感知可以引起品牌共鸣. 更重要的是, 本研究提高了对品牌扩张的理论理解并对营销者提出了在制定针对Y世代和婴儿潮一代消费者的行销项目时的方向.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.221-241
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• 2018

최근 딥러닝 기술이 주목을 받고 있다. 대중들의 관심을 받았던 국제 이미지 인식 기술 대회(ILSVR)와 알파고(AlphaGo)에서 사용된 딥러닝 기술이 바로 합성곱 신경망(CNN; Convolution Neural Network)이다. 합성곱 신경망은 입력 이미지를 작은 구역으로 나누어 부분적인 특징을 인식하고 이것을 결합하여 전체를 인식하는 특징을 가진다. 이러한 딥러닝 기술이 우리의 생활에 있어 많은 변화를 야기할 것이라는 기대를 주고 있지만 현재까지는 이미지 인식과 자연어 처리 등에 그 성과가 국한되어 있다. 비즈니스 문제에 대한 딥러닝 활용은 아직까지 초기 연구 단계로 향후 마케팅 응답 예측이나 허위 거래 식별, 부도 예측과 같은 전통적 비즈니스 문제들에 대해 보다 깊게 활용되고 그 성능이 입증된다면 딥러닝 기술의 활용 가치가 보다 더 주목받게 될 것으로 기대된다. 이러한 때 비교적 고객 식별이 용이하고 활용 가치가 높은 빅데이터를 보유하고 있는 전자상거래 기업의 사례를 바탕으로 하여 딥러닝 기술의 비즈니스 문제 해결 가능성을 진단해보는 것은 학술적으로 매우 의미 있는 시도라 할 수 있겠다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전자상거래 기업의 고객 행태 예측력을 높이기 위한 방안으로 합성곱 신경망을 활용한 '이종 정보 결합(Heterogeneous Information Integration)의 CNN 모델'을 제시한다. 이는 정형과 비정형 정보를 결합하여 다층 퍼셉트론 구조의 합성곱 신경망에서 학습시키는 모델로서 최적의 성능을 발휘하도록 '이종 정보 결합'과 '비정형 정보의 벡터 전환', 그리고 '다층 퍼셉트론 설계'로 하는 3개의 내부 아키텍처를 정의하고 각 아키텍처 단위로 구성되는 방식에 따른 성능을 평가하여 그 결과를 바탕으로 제안 모델을 확정하고 그 성능을 평가해보고자 한다. 고객 행태 예측을 위한 목표 변수는 전자상거래 기업에서 중요하게 관리하고 있는 재구매 고객, 이탈 고객, 고빈도 구매 고객, 고빈도 반품 고객, 고단가 구매 고객, 고할인 구매 고객 등 모두 6개의 이진 분류 문제로 정의한다. 제안한 모델의 유용성을 검증하기 위해서 국내 특정 전자상거래 기업의 실제 데이터를 활용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 정형과 비정형 정보를 결합하여 CNN을 활용한 제안 모델이 NBC(Naïve Bayes classification)과 SVM(Support vector machine), 그리고 ANN(Artificial neural network)에 비해서 예측 정확도와 F1 Measure가 높게 평가되었다. 또 NBC, SVM, ANN에서 정형 정보만을 사용할 때 보다 정형과 비정형 정보를 결합하여 입력 변수로 함께 활용한 경우에 예측 정확도가 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 실험 결과로부터 비정형 정보의 활용이 고객 행태 예측의 정확도 향상에 기여한다는 점과 CNN 기법의 특징 추출 알고리즘이 VOC에 사용된 단어들의 분포와 위치 정보를 해석하여 문장의 의미를 파악하는데 효과적이라는 점을 실증적으로 확인하였다는데 그 의미가 있다고 할 수 있겠다. 이를 통해서 CNN 기법이 지금까지 소개된 이미지 인식이나 자연어 처리 분야 외에 비즈니스 문제 해결에도 활용 가치가 높다는 점을 확인하였다는데 이 연구의 의의가 있다 하겠다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1296-1307
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• 1997

연구배경 : Erdosteine은 만성 기관지염 급성 악화시는 물론 만성 폐색성 기관지염 치료제로 개발된 Thiol 유도체로서 점액조절작용, 항산화작용이 있으며, 특히 위장관 부작용이 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 현재 유효성 및 안전성이 입증되어 임상에서 많이 처방되고 있는 Ambroxol과의 비교임상연구를 통해 급성 및 만성 기관지염 환자에서 Erdosteine의 임상적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 무작위 이중맹검 비교시험으로서 전향적 연구방법으로 수행되었다. 급 만성 기관지염으로 다량의 객담배출 혹은 객담배출곤란을 주증상으로 하는 80명을 무작위로 할당하여 Erdosteine 투여군에는 1일 2회, 1회 300mg, Ambroxol 투여군에는 1일 2회, 1회 30mg을 총 7일간 투여하였다. 1차 효과평가기준으로는 객담배출횟수, 객담량, 객담배출용이도, 객담점도, 기침정도, 호흡곤란을 포함한 자각증상이 평가되었고, 2차 효과평가기준으로는 동맥혈가스검사, 폐기능검사가 평가되었다. 안전성은 부작용과 임상병리검사로 평가하였다. 총 80명의 환자 중 61명(Erdosteine군 : 31명, Ambroxol군 : 30명)이 본 연구를 종료하였고 19명은 중도 탈락되었다. 결과의 분석은 paired t-test, ANOVA test, multivariate t2-test, Repeated measures analysis of covariance, two sample t-test, Loglinear-Logit model analysis, Fisher's exact test를 이 용하여 유의성을 검정하였다. 결 과 : 1) 두 군간의 환자배정에 있어서 인구학적, 임상적 특징은 차이가 없었다. 2) 동맥혈가스검사, 폐기능검사에서는 두 군간의 차이는 없었고, 자각증상에서는 Erdosteine군은 객담 배출횟수, 객담량, 객담배출용이도, 객담점도, 기침정도, 호흡곤란에서, Ambroxol군은 객담배출횟수, 객담량, 객담배출용이도, 객담점도, 기침정도에서 유의하게 호전을 보였다. 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으나 Erdosteine군이 Ambroxol군에 비해 더 유의하게 호전되는 경향을 보였다($\alpha$=0.05). 3) 혈액학적검사, 혈액화학적검사 및 소변검사에서는 각 군 모두 임상적으로 의미있는 변화는 없었고 두 군간의 차이도 없었으며, 자각증상에서는 Ambroxol군에서만 4명이 연구 종료시까지 부작용이 소실되지 않았고 2명은 연구를 중단하였으나 두 군간의 차이는 없었다. 4) 각 약제의 최종효과평가에서 Erdosteine군은 31명 중 아주좋은효과 11명, 좋은효과 12명, 경도효과 6명, 무효과 2명, 악화 0명이었고 Ambroxol군은 30명 중 아주좋은효과 6명, 좋은효과 14명, 경도 효과 5명, 무효과 4명, 악화 1명이었으며 Erdosteine군이 Ambroxol군에 비해 증상이 개선될 확률이 약 2.5배만큼 높았다 (p<0.05). 결 론 : Erdosteine은 급성 및 만성 기관지염 환자의 치료에 있어 그 효과와 안전성에 있어서 우수한 약물이라고 할 수 있다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.91-108
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• 2020

박지성 선수의 2005년 맨체스터 유나이티드 FC 입단 이후로, 국내에서 프로축구 유니폼 시장이 본격적으로 성장하기 시작했다. 이후, 국내 선수들의 해외 리그에서 활약이 계속되면서 국내에서도 잉글랜드 프리미어리그에 대한 대중의 관심이 지속되고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 본 연구는 국내 프로축구 팬들의 유니폼 소비에 전반적인 소비자 인식을 알아보고, 선수의 영입에 따른 소비자 인식 변화를 비교하고자 했다. EPL의 토트넘에서 활동하고 있는 손흥민 선수의 영입 전후를 중심으로 소셜 미디어에 나타난 프로축구 팬들의 소비자 인식과 구매 요인을 알아보았다. 'EPL 유니폼'을 키워드로, 국내 포털사이트와 소셜 미디어의 게시글을 수집하고, 텍스트 마이닝, SNA, 회귀분석을 사용하여 분석했다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 선수의 소속 팀, 실적, 포지션과 구단의 실적, 순위, 리그의 우승 여부가 프로축구 유니폼의 구매와 탐색에 있어 주요 요인으로 확인되었다. 가격, 디자인, 사이즈, 로고 등과 같은 항목보다 유니폼의 형태, 마킹, 정품 여부, 스폰서와 더 중요하게 작용하고 있었다. 둘째, 구조적 등위성 분석과 군집분석을 통해 국내 프로축구 팬들 사이에서 유니폼과 관련되어 언급되고 있는 주요 주제를 알아본 결과, EPL에 소속된 구단과 유명 선수들이 가장 핵심적인 주제로 나타났다. 셋째, 프로축구 유니폼에 대한 시기별 주제는 월드컵과 EPL 리그에 대한 관심에서 EPL에서 활동하는 다양한 국내외 선수들에 대한 관심으로, 2015년 이후에는 유니폼 자체에 대한 것으로 주제가 변화했다. 이를 통해, 선수들의 이적에 따라 선수가 소속된 해당 구단의 유니폼이 관심을 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 남녀 소비자 모두 손흥민에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라서 토트넘이 소속된 리그인 EPL에 대한 관심도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 여성의 경우 손흥민에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 축구 유니폼에 대해서도 관심을 가지는 것으로 나타난 반면, 남성의 경우 손흥민 선수에 대한 관심과 축구 유니폼에 대한 관심 사이의 관계가 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 각 구단은 선수와 구단의 성적과 이미지 관리, 스폰서 브랜드 관리에 집중하고, 선수의 이적이 결정되면 선수의 자국에 해당 물량의 공급을 늘리며, 인기를 끌고 있는 선수의 등번호가 부착된 유니폼의 경우에는 여성을 위한 다양한 사이즈를 제공해야 할 필요가 있다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.123-139
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• 2019

주요 구인구직사이트의 직무분류체계가 사이트마다 상이하고 SW분야에서 제안한 'SQF(Sectoral Qualifications Framework)'의 직무분류체계와도 달라 SW산업에서 SW기업, SW구직자, 구인구직사이트가 모두 납득할 수 있는 새로운 직무분류체계가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 주요 구인구직사이트의 구인정보와 'NCS(National Competaency Standars)'에 기반을 둔 SQF를 분석하여 시장 수요를 반영한 표준 직무분류체계를 구축하는 것이다. 이를 위해 주요 구인구직사이트의 직종 간 연관분석과 SQF와 직종 간 연관분석을 실시하여 직종 간 연관규칙을 도출하고자 한다. 이 연관규칙을 이용하여 주요 구인구직사이트의 직무분류체계를 맵핑하고 SQF와 직무 분류체계를 맵핑함으로써 데이터 기반의 지능형 직무분류체계를 제안하였다. 연구 결과 국내 주요 구인구직사이트인 '워크넷,' '잡코리아,' '사람인'에서 3만여 건의 구인정보를 open API를 이용하여 XML 형태로 수집하여 데이터베이스에 저장했다. 이 중 복수의 구인구직사이트에 동시 게시된 구인정보 900여 건을 필터링한 후 빈발 패턴 마이닝(frequent pattern mining)인 Apriori 알고리즘을 적용하여 800여 개의 연관규칙을 도출하였다. 800여 개의 연관규칙을 바탕으로 워크넷, 잡코리아, 사람인의 직무분류체계와 SQF의 직무분류체계를 맵핑하여 1~4차로 분류하되 분류의 단계가 유연한 표준 직무분류체계를 새롭게 구축했다. 본 연구는 일부 전문가의 직관이 아닌 직종 간 연관분석을 통해 데이터를 기반으로 직종 간 맵핑을 시도함으로써 시장 수요를 반영하는 새로운 직무분류체계를 제안했다는데 의의가 있다. 다만 본 연구는 데이터 수집 시점이 일시적이기 때문에 시간의 흐름에 따라 변화하는 시장의 수요를 충분히 반영하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 계절적 요인과 주요 공채 시기 등 시간에 따라 시장의 요구하는 변해갈 것이기에 더욱 정확한 매칭을 얻기 위해서는 지속적인 데이터 모니터링과 반복적인 실험이 필요하다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 SW산업 분야에서 SQF의 개선방향을 제시하는데 활용될 수 있고, SW산업 분야에서 성공을 경험삼아 타 산업으로 확장 이전될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.105-129
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• 2020

본 연구는 부도위험 예측을 위해 K-IFRS가 본격적으로 적용된 2012년부터 2018년까지의 기업데이터를 이용한다. 부도위험의 학습을 위해, 기존의 대부분 선행연구들이 부도발생 여부를 기준으로 사용했던 것과 다르게, 본 연구에서는 머튼 모형을 토대로 각 기업의 시가총액과 주가 변동성을 이용하여 부도위험을 산정했으며, 이를 통해 기존 방법론의 한계로 지적되어오던 부도사건 희소성에 따른 데이터 불균형 문제와 정상기업 내에서 존재하는 부도위험 차이 반영 문제를 해소할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 시장의 평가가 반영된 시가총액 및 주가 변동성을 기반으로 부도위험을 도출하되, 부도위험과 매칭될 입력데이터로는 비상장 기업에서 활용될 수 있는 기업 정보만을 활용하여 학습을 수행함으로써, 포스트 팬데믹 시대에서 주가 정보가 존재하지 않는 비상장 기업에게도 시장의 판단을 모사하여 부도위험을 적절하게 도출할 수 있도록 하였다. 기업의 부도위험 정보가 시장에서 매우 광범위하게 활용되고 있고, 부도위험 차이에 대한 민감도가 높다는 점에서 부도위험 산출 시 안정적이고 신뢰성 높은 평가방법론이 요구된다. 최근 머신러닝을 활용하여 기업의 부도위험을 예측하는 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있으나, 대부분 단일 모델을 기반으로 예측을 수행한다는 점에서 필연적인 모델 편향 문제가 존재하고, 이는 실무에서 활용하기 어려운 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 다양한 머신러닝 모델을 서브모델로 하는 스태킹 앙상블 기법을 활용하여 개별 모델이 갖는 편향을 경감시킬 수 있도록 하였다. 이를 통해 부도위험과 다양한 기업정보들 간의 복잡한 비선형적 관계들을 포착할 수 있으며, 산출에 소요되는 시간이 적다는 머신러닝 기반 부도위험 예측모델의 장점을 극대화할 수 있다. 본 연구가 기존 머신러닝 기반 모델의 한계를 극복 및 개선함으로써 실무에서의 활용도를 높일 수 있는 자료로 활용되기를 바라며, 머신러닝 기반 부도위험 예측 모형의 도입 기준 정립 및 정책적 활용에도 기여할 수 있기를 희망한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.