• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.57-65
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to understand the direction of planning for regeneration based on six representative cases of western part of Seoul that were regenerated from the unpleasant facilities since the 20th century. In particular, the similarities and differences were derived by analyzing the characteristics of the history and the location in terms of the 1st establishment and the regeneration in each cases. As a result, looking the tendency to regenerate the unpleasant facility, it can be seen that there is a correlation between the historical and the locational context when establishing and regenerating. Considering the distinct characteristic of the Location and the history of establishment & regeneration, we could classify the characteristics of public facilities as extroverted tendency and intrinsic tendency analysed by a geographic and an architectural, a programmatic aspects. Therefore, when planning the project regenerated from unpleasant facilities, it should be set considering the locational context and the historical context of establishment & regeneration.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.134-151
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• 2021

Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the impact of the internal and external network embeddedness of foreign subsidiaries and local market characteristics of the host country on the CEO selection whether or not to appoint an expatriate as the CEO of a foreign subsidiary. Design/methodology - To conduct an empirical analysis, we obtained a list of the headquarters of Korean MNCs from the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Based on the list of HQs, we identified a final list of overseas subsidiaries of Korean MNCs that have entered the world from KOTRA (Trade-Investment Promotion Agency for Korea). Then we conducted an empirical analysis based on the results of 391 questionnaires by employing logistic regression analysis. Findings - The results of empirical analysis are as follows. First, the higher the subsidiary's internal network embeddedness, the higher the tendency appoint an expatriate as the CEO. Second, the higher the volatility of the local market, the higher the tendency to appoint an expatriate as the CEO. Third, the stronger the competition in the local market, the lower the tendency to appoint a PCN. Originality/value - This study has significant theoretical implications in that it examines the link between the internal and external embeddedness of overseas subsidiaries and the appointment of parent country nationals (PCNs) as the CEO that prior research has not examined.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2023

Purpose: Due to COVID-19, the rapidly changing untact culture from offline to online has spread rapidly, increasing the utilization of omni-channel. However, among the studies on consumers in the online market, there are not many studies that analyze Shopping Values and attitudes toward omnichannel Acceptance. Research design, data, and methodology: This study investigated through empirical analysis how Shopping Values and innovation propensity of consumers using omni channels affect omni channel Acceptance attitudes. The analysis results based on a total of 268 questionnaires using SPSS v.23 and AMOS v.23 statistical programs are as follows. Results: First, it was found that the perceived Value of omnichannel use had a positive effect on the innovation tendency, and the pleasure Value had a greater effect than the actual Value. Second, it was found that the practical and hedonic Value of the omnichannel had a positive effect on the attitude of service Acceptance. Third, it was found that Omni Channel's consumer innovation tendency had a positive effect on service Acceptance attitude. Conclusion: This study proved that Shopping Value perception and individual innovation propensity for omnichannel services have a positive effect on Acceptance attitude, and it is of academic significance in that it expanded understanding of what factors are needed to increase Acceptance attitude of Omni Channel services.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.73-81
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• 2018

Purpose - When indulging in hedonic items is construed as wasteful and evokes anticipated regret or guilt, consumers are more likely to seek reasons to justify their indulgence. Justification requirement for spending on indulgences over necessities could lead to the places of their finding the ways that mitigate the anticipated regret and guilt. However the previous research focusing on consumers' own great effort leading to positive outcomes has not given much attention to other's outcomes induced from his or her little or no efforts, by which consumers could feel envy. The guilt associated with consumers' indulgence could vary according to envy type felt according to their evaluation about other's outcomes and their self construal level. Current research explored the envy type's effects on consumers' spending on hedonic products, and moderation effects of self construal level on the envy type's effects. Research design, data, and methodology - 2(envy type: benign versus malicious) × 2(self construal level: high versus low) between-subjects design was employed. Data for empirical analysis were from 173 undergraduate participants. ANOVA was used to verify hypotheses. Results - The tendency of choosing utilitarian product versus hedonic product was moderated by the envy type. The participants who felt benign envy were more likely to choose utilitarian product versus hedonic product than those who felt malicious envy were. And the tendency of benign envy-felt participants' choosing hedonic versus utilitarian product was more weakened to those with lower-level self construal than to those with higher-level self construal. However the tendency of malicious envy-felt participants' choosing hedonic versus utilitarian product was not moderated by the self construal level. Conclusions - This research could advance the theory related to indulgent hedonic consumption by exploring the effects of self construal level and envy type on hedonic indulgence. In view of the results from current study, marketers should make efforts of communicating and selling utilitarian products to persuade consumers with lower-level construal when they feel benign envy to others. And they should conduct marketing acts for hedonic products to persuade consumers when they feel malicious envy to others.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

Purpose - Consumer behaviors or decision-making process has been changing recently as the consumer environment, including mobile everyday life, has changed. In view of this changing consumer smart environment, this study aims to investigate structural relation about the influence omni-channel propensity and regulatory focus on consideration set formation. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to proceed with this study, we review previous studies and setting hypotheses. The hypothesis was verified through a survey that was conducted for university students with experience in purchasing in less than three months. With reference to previous studies, operational definition was made for the questionnaire design. From 2018 Nov. to 2019 Feb. Survey was conducted on the panel consumers who purchase item within that period. 315 collected survey data were used to verify hypotheses except the data that had incorrect values. This data were used for SPSS/AMOS for confirm hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, Consumers were considering a more heterogeneous alternatives if they were more omni-channel propensity in the process of forming consideration set. Second, Consumers were more conscious of the price if they were more omni-channel propensity Third, Consumers were considering a more newness alternatives if they were more omni-channel propensity in the process of forming consideration set. Meanwhile, The results of the study on regulatory focus and consideration set relationships are as follows. Consumers were considering a more heterogeneous alternatives if they were more promotion focus tendency in the process of forming consideration set. Second, Prevention focus tendency were more conscious of the price in the process of considering alternatives. Third, Consumers were considering a more newness alternatives if they were more promotion focus tendency. Conclusions - Depending on the changing consumer environment, the omni-channel propensity was shown to influence the formation of the consideration set. Also, Regulatory focus of consumers significantly influence to formation of consideration set. this study also contributes to the development of the theory as well as the practical approach with understanding consumer decision process on smart(mobile) environment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2017

In this study, change trends and specific times for change in body size were sought to be identified by using manual measurements for Korean adult women at 20 to 89 of age, along with examinations of change trends and specific times of change in body shape based on body index values. The examinations of means, deviations, and variation coefficients revealed that there was a tendency of most height related measures to decrease. In addition, combined with decrease in height, growth in weight led to increased BMI, thus resulting in increase in measures of circumference, thickness, and breadth in the torso area. The BMI trends showed that with increasing age, BMI increased, reaching the peak between the ages of 55 and 59 and then decreasing from 64 of age, with the steepest increase in BMI at ages from 50 to 54. The examination of differences in the body flatness ratio for different parts of body found that with increasing age the ratio decreased, indicating a tendency for gradual change to round body shapes. The analysis of 3D body shape found that there were more back-bends and lowered shoulder levels with age, accompanied with a tendency for more bended legs and more inclined-forward necks. The key trends in changes in body measurements by age and detailed estimates of 3D standard body shape drawn out from this study are expected to significantly contribute to establishing a basic database for generating patterns reflecting age features of Korean adult females.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.102-110
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find out the spacial characteristics from the $69.42-11.70m^2$ unit plans of the apartment houses in Jeon-ju city, and to check up on the general spacial principles of Korean apartment unit plans. The content analysis method and the survey method were used for this study. The data of apartment unit plans and the questionnaires were collected from apartment offices or real estate agency offices. The data of 157 unit plans and 190 questionnaires were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows; 1) The general spacial principles of Korean apartment unit plans, the tendency of front 3-bay unit plan, the openness of living room, the Anbang with a bathroom and a dressroom, the utility room as a kitchen support space, and the addition of balconies, were showed in those of Jeon-ju city. 2) There was a new tendency, the front room arrangement of Anbang-living room-bedroom was changed into Anbang-living room-bathroom or kitchen, in them. 3) The characteristics of L-DK floor plans that the closeness of DK from exterior space and the interior openness and exterior privacy of L were showed in them. 4) The entrance was needed a intermediate space as a balcony or a former space, in them. These tendencies on unit plans of the apartment houses in Jeon-ju city were followed the general spacial principles of Korean apartment unit plans.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.889-904
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• 2021

The planning of traditional urban has to face great challenges under the influence of the uncertainty and mobility of contemporary cities. While for this kind of challenge, it has brought the chance to develop Landscape Urbanism quickly. As an important practice place for Landscape Urbanism, open space provides a platform for many landscape designers to display. The purpose of this research is to explore the expression of the core content of Landscape Urbanism in open space, and propose the design tendency of open space in Korea. According to the constitution elements of urban open space and the core concept of Landscape Urbanism, this thesis establishes the analysis framework, which carries out the case empirical analysis for the open space of New York. Through case analysis, we can see that there are five major characteristics of Landscape Urbanism. That is, the integration or imitation of natural terrain, green infrastructure construction, emphasizing ecological resilience, adaptability to unplanned events, and analyzing the site from multiple scales. In this research, the design proposal proposed on the basis of Landscape Urbanism is able to provide enlightenment for the urban open space design of Korea in the future.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed at exploring the product choice tendency differences between the consciousness and unconsciousness of goal orientation when product attributes is perceived to be compatible with the goal orientation. Research design, data and methodology: Empirical study used a 2 (goal conscious vs. unconscious) × 3 (hedonic vs. performance vs. reliability attribute) between-subjects design and one control group. To verify hypotheses, χ²-test was conducted to 320 questionnaire data answered by undergraduate students of Jiangxi Normal University in China. Results: First, consumers under unconscious condition showed a higher product choice consistency based on compatibility between hedonic (performance) attribute of the product and their hedonic (performance) promotion goal-orientation than those under the conscious condition. Second, product choice effects of compatibility between reliability attribute of the product and prevention goal orientation were not significantly different between consumers' consciousness and unconsciousness of their prevention goal orientation. Conclusions: Marketers of 'under dog' should try to develop and deliver the product attributes different from the attributes of 'top dog.' And the 'top dog' marketers should help their customers to avoid the conflicts by developing the environment of inducing their goal orientation unconsciously. Brand marketers should always pay attention to the reliability attributes concerned with the prevention goal orientation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Purpose: This research is to promote an walking exercise program for the subjects to continue exercise by mitigating stresses with increase in increase their physiological index. Methods: The research design was a non-equivalent control group, quasiexperimental study. The research has been executed from August 1st to September 30th 2008 by operating walking exercise program to 50 subjects. Only 24 patients who continued this program to the last were could be investigated. Results: Among the subjects who participated in the program had shown significant differences in weight and BMI. Despite of an insignificant change in skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, body fat ratio and WHR, average value for skeletal muscle mass showed an increasing tendency, while the average values for fat mass, body fat ratio and WHR showed a decreasing tendency. Conclusion: In conclusion, walking exercise program was design for the subjects to be able to exercise without an extra cost for a special tool to exercise with an positive effect on increasing health problem.