• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2018

POPS(Privately Owned Public Spaces) is one of the major component that vitalize the city by private sectors providing open-spaces to the public. It holds great significances and possibilities within CBD(Central Business District) which lack open-space and green-space. Despite of its importance, a large number of problems such as deficient accessibility for the public and being unpractical from constructing only with formality occur in existing POPS. POPS should be for both owners and public because it is a public space located within a private estate. To vitalize POPS, functions like "diversity", "accessibility and connectivity", and "usability" are essential. Providing diverse types of spaces makes dynamic city, and the spaces must have easy access by public and variety of functions. Managements by diverse types of POPS are necessary to improve availability and to provides suitable spaces. To make diverse types of POPS, advanced classifications of type and clear criteria are required. From aspect of accessibility and connectivity, firstly detailed instructions for the arrangement are necessary for reinforcement. Specific research on means of connection such as how many faces of POPS should adjoin streets and in which direction it should be facing should be applied. Purposes of POPS must be specified depending on the type of POPS. By connecting adjacent buildings with POPS, one of the main principal of vitalizing POPS, inflow of people can be increased. Accordingly, improvements of design guidelines in "diversity", "accessibility and connectivity", and "usability" can be suggested to vitalize POPS. With these concerns in mind, this paper analyzes problems of current Seoul POPS guidelines with three aspects.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2015

This study aimed to develop a design manual to be used during the initial stage of the nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) design process. Recently, with the increased demand for nZEBs, there are many architects and architectural firms who are becoming interested in nZEB design. However, since the nZEB design process requires a different approach to the conventional building design process, architects have difficulties with application of the nZEB design process in their projects. Therefore, a design manual which can be used in the nZEB design process was developed in this study. Based on an intensive literature review, energy-saving strategies and their performance levels, which affect heating and cooling energy consumptions were established for a reference building. To analyze the sensitivity of each energy strategy to the overall performance, computer simulations using EnergyPlus were performed. At the same time, an Analysis of Variance assessment was conducted to estimate the relative importance of each energy factor. The energy sensitivity and priority of the energy factors was developed into a set of design guidelines.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.58-68
• /
• 2022

This paper aims to prepare basic design education materials explaining the design process of egg drop device by incorporating critico(-creative) thinking. To this end, in this paper, by utilizing the creative problem solving process and the elements and standards of critical thinking, 'the five-step creative engineering design education guidelines' have been prepared so that engineering freshmen can effectively participate in engineering design projects without major knowledge. We would like to apply them to the egg drop device design. The egg drop device design, which is experiment to make and drop a drop device that can protect an egg from breaking when it is dropped freely from high places, is an engineering design project that is widely used not only in elementary, middle and high school science events but also in engineering education courses under the name of 'stunt egg'. Perhaps the basic design education material on the egg drop device design incorporating critico(-creative) thinking in this paper will contribute to incorporating critico(-creative) thinking into engineering education, as well as to achieving the educational goals of the basic design subject.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.205-227
• /
• 2013

Current design standards do not provide adequate guidelines for the fire design of cold-formed steel compression members subject to flexural-torsional buckling. Eurocode 3 Part 1.2 (2005) recommends the same fire design guidelines for both hot-rolled and cold-formed steel compression members subject to flexural-torsional buckling although considerable behavioural differences exist between cold-formed and hot-rolled steel members. Past research has recommended the use of ambient temperature cold-formed steel design rules for the fire design of cold-formed steel compression members provided appropriately reduced mechanical properties are used at elevated temperatures. To assess the accuracy of flexural-torsional buckling design rules in both ambient temperature cold-formed steel design and fire design standards, an experimental study of slender cold-formed steel compression members was undertaken at both ambient and elevated temperatures. This paper presents the details of this experimental study, its results, and their comparison with the predictions from the current design rules. It was found that the current ambient temperature design rules are conservative while the fire design rules are overly conservative. Suitable recommendations have been made in relation to the currently available design rules for flexural-torsional buckling including methods of improvement. Most importantly, this paper has addressed the lack of experimental results for slender cold-formed steel columns at elevated temperatures.

• 전자공학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 1998

With the advent of portable electronic systems, power consumption has recently become a major issue in circuit and system design. Furthermore, the sophisticated fabrication technology makes it possible to embed more functions and features in a VLSI chip, consequently calling for both higher performance and lower power to deal with the ever growing complexity of system algorithms than in the past. VLSI designers should cope with two conflicting constraints, high performance and low power, offering an optimum trade off of these constraints to meet requirements of system. Historically, VLSI designers have focused on performance improvement, and power dissipation was not a design criteria but an afterthought. This design paradigm should be changed, as power is emerging as the most critical design constraint. In VLSI design, low power design can be accomplished through many ways, for instance, process, circuit/logic design, architectural design, and etc.. In this paper, a few low power design examples, which have been used in 8 bit micro-controller core, and can be used also in 4/16/32 bit micro-controller cores, are presented in the areas of circuit, logic and architectural design. We first propose a low power guidelines for micro-controller design in SAMSUNG, and more detailed design examples are followed applying 4 specific design guidelines. The 1st example shows the power reduction through reduction of number of state clocks per instruction. The 2nd example realized the power reduction by applying RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer) concept. The 3rd example is to optimize the algorithm for ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) to lower the power consumption, Lastly, circuit cells designed for low power are described.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to review the ISO(the International Organization for Standardization) standards recommendations on a human error tolerant control room design. Background: ISO TC(Technical Committee) 159 published a variety of international standards on design of mental and physical work, design of displays and controls, and workstation layout design. A proper edition of these standards can be a good resource for a human error tolerant control center design guidelines. Method: Recommendations of ISO TC 159 standards were grouped into arrangement of control suite, layout of control room, layout and dimensions of workstations, design of displays and controls, environmental design, alarm, automation, management system design, procedure and training. Results: It was found that some standards on the design of supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA), alarm, automation, layout, workload management, and environment can be used for human error prevention guidelines in the control center design. Conclusion: ISO TC 159 standards were not sufficient to cover all the ergonomics area of control center design. Application: Designers can have technical aids from these ISO standards to improve ergonomic performance of their control center.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.447-454
• /
• 2017

인간의 욕구는 기본적인 생활환경을 구성하는 요인에서부터 출발하게 된다. 안전 가이드라인 개발 모형은 행동유도를 통해 위협 요인의 발생 시점에서 집단 심리와 체계적인 환경에서 벗어난 의식의 절단에서 출발하게 된다. 안전 가이드라인 설계와 방법론은 시퀀스별 모형으로 주관화와 객관화가 반복해서 도출되어야 하며, 서비스 디자인 방법론을 통해 공공 서비스의 시간 순차적인 방향으로 설계되어야 한다. 다양하고 복잡한 위협요인은 감성경험과 사용자경험, 기술경험의 가치를 반영한 모형으로 구축하기 위해 사용자 관점, 관리자 관점의 모형으로 인사이트를 도출하고 안전 가이드라인 개발모형으로 추출하고자 한다. 명확한 설계와 자료조사를 통해 일반 사용자의 수평적, 수직적 사고의 문제를 전환시키고, 이해관계자의 프로토타입 도출과 인사이트를 도출하게 된다. 이렇게 도출된 인사이트는 안전 가이드라인 개발방법론은 동일한 문제의식에서 출발된 다차원 서비스 모형으로 구현될 수 있다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.113-126
• /
• 2017

PURPOSES : This study proposes standards for rural access road pavement section and thickness design considering existing access road construction conditions; the study also proposes a complementary policy that can be used for design convenience. METHODS : Various literature review and case studies had been performed in terms of rural access road section and thickness design, both domestically and internationally, and this was followed by domestic rural access road field surveys. KPRP and KENLAYER were used to analyze the commonalities and predict the remaining life. Data on real cost is used to select an appropriate construction method through economic analysis. RESULTS : The economic efficiency of concrete pavement ($15{\times}15$) was the highest in terms of economic efficiency of performance life and traffic volume. In the case of asphalt pavement, it is considered that the most economical method is to implement micro-surfacing method four times as a preventive maintenance method (once every 10 years and 4.5 years for asphalt concrete pavement and MS construction method, respectively). Repairable asphalt pavement is advantageous for areas where heavy vehicles are expected to pass. In the case of other general areas, it is considered economical to place concrete ($15{\times}15$) pavement. However, as analytical results on its performance life are unavailable, it is to be considered for study in the future. CONCLUSIONS : This study proposed interim design guidelines based on various domestic and international design guidelines and case studies. However, in order to develop the final design criteria applicable to the field, it is necessary to (a) estimate the bearing capacity of the lower level of the pavement at various sites, (b) estimate the daily traffic volume, (c) implement advanced low-cost pavement technologies, and (d) propose maintenance standards and techniques for long-term performance.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.659-669
• /
• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to suggest a package layout guideline for low-floor bus by interview with passengers and observations of their behavior. Background: Increasing attention has been introduced the low-floor bus to be more suitable for use by transportation handicapped. Complex issues are involved in providing comfortable services to all people. We are going to suggest package layout guidelines for more comfortable and suitable travel to all people. Method: The two times of survey and video observation sessions were conducted on low-floor buses in Seoul; (1) a finding of potential issues in the first session, (2) a confirming of issues from the last session. Results: The three of major issues were founded in this study; (1) difficulties in supporting body when standing, (2) difficulties in sitting on front wheel pan seat, (3) difficulties in passing through the aisle. Conclusion: There were clear differences between public and transportation handicapped in using some tools which are used for support body such as roof hand rails, side hand rails, and hand rail rings. Some of design problems were founded to improve from the perspective of ergonomics and universal design. Such differences and design guidelines have to be considered in bus design as well as commercial vehicle. Application: The proposed design guidelines can be used to development of low-floor bus and other public transportations.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.169-181
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of patient surveillance on nurses' adherence to the guidelines on peripheral vascular catheter management. Method: A one group time series design was used. Seventy six nurses participated in the study. The data were collected from October 1 to November 4, 2008. Result: The effects of patient surveillance were significant on nurses' average adherence rates to the guidelines estimated by observers and by themselves, and the levels of nurses self recognition on the importance of the guidelines. In addition, overall occurrence rates of phlebitis tend to decrease after patients surveillance. Even though 33 nurses didn't follow the guidelines perfectly, most patients did not provide feedbacks to the nurses' non-adherence. Among the nurse participants, 36.8% answered that patient surveillance was acceptable. Conclusion: This study found that patients with peripheral catheters could positively influence nurses' adherence to the catheter management guidelines. Therefore, inviting patients in nursing activities could benefit to the quality of patients care. However, it seems essential to create an environment fostering nurses' acceptance of the patients' surveillance. Further research warrants the potential benefits of the patient's participations in nursing activities.