• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.181-194
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare the retention and fitness of crown treated with various desensitizing agents on natural teeth. Varnish, dentin primer, bonding agent and potassium oxalate treated groups and control group with no treatment were used. The retention test was executed with the Instron test machine(Instron Co.,U.S.A.) on 24 hours after cementation with zinc phosphate cement. After retention test, the teeth and crowns were washed and recemented. The cemented crowns were embedded in clear resin and sectioned with a diamond saw. The occlusal and marginal fitnesses, were measured indirectly with a stereomicroscopic photographs. The result of this study were obtained as follows : 1. The retention of control group was higher than any other desensitizing agent treated group. 2. The differences of retention among varnish, dentin primer, bonding agent and potassium oxalate treated groups were not statistically significant. 3. There were no statistically significant difference in fitness at occlusal surface and margin among control, varnish, dentin primer, bonding agent and potassium oxalate treated groups. According to these results, desensitizing agents used to protect the pulp from irritation of luting agents may adversely affect the retention of castings. Therefore, desensitizing agents should be used in limited areas carefully.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.208-219
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• 2001

To study the effect of dentin permeability on a tooth with wear from tooth brushing after application of desensitizing agent, extracted teeth free from caries were chosen. Coronal dentin discs with thickness of 1mm were prepared. Using the split chamber device developed by Pashely, hydraulic conductance, scanning electron microscope images(SEM) and atomic force microscope images(AFM) were compared and contrasted before and immediately after the application of desensitizing agent and after equivalent tooth brushing of 1 week, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks. Four commercially available desensitizing agents were used in this study ; they were Gluma, Seal & Protect, All-Bond 2 and MS Coat. The results of this study are as follows. 1. On all specimens, the hydraulic conductance decreased after the application of tooth desensitizing agent. 2. Except the specimens treated with MS Coat, the remaining specimens had an increase in dentin permeability after tooth brushing for 1 and 2 weeks but a decrease after 6 weeks. 3. The specimens treated with MS Coat had statistically significant increase in the dentin permeability regardless with the duration of tooth brushing. 4. On examination of SEM and AFM, the dentinal tubule diameter had decreased after treatment of desensitizing agents. The specimens other than those treated with MS Coat, smear layers were noted after tooth brushing. It is not always consistant but the hydraulic conductance correlated with the images from SEM and AFM.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is for evaluating the effect of MS Coat desensitizing agent in clinical situation. In this study total 60 teeth of 30 patients who is feeling hypersensitivity after periodontal surgery were treated with MS Coat desensitizing agent, and 20 teeth with saline solution for placebo effects and evaluated. All teeth were cleaned with rubber cup and pumice, after then the antibacterial agent was applied for 20 seconds and simply isolated using cotton roll Desensitizing agent was applied with a specific instrument in the manufacturers package by abrading motion for 10 seconds and re-done 8 times. Tactile stimulus with sharp explorer, air stimulus with syringe of dental unit, $7^{\circ}C$ cold water stimulus using micropipette applicator was done to evaluate hypersensitivity before apply test agent, immediate after application, 1 week after, and 3 month after application. The degree of hypersensitivity was recorded using 100mm Visual Analogue Scale and compared between group and evaluation times. From this clinical study sensitivity to the stimulus was significantly induced in both groups and MS Coat made a significant reduction in VAS score than placebo group did(p<.01). The results of this study could demonstrate that MS Coat desensitizing agent can use effectively to heat dentinal hypersensitivity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.20.1-20.14
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• 2020

Objectives: To minimize the tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching, many dentists use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and topical desensitizing gels containing potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of these substances on inflammation and the expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in pulp nerve fibers. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: GI, control; GII, only dental bleaching; GIII, only ibuprofen; GIV, ibuprofen administered 30 minutes before and after the bleaching treatment and every 12 hours until the analysis; GV, only topical application of a desensitizing agent; and GVI, topical application of a desensitizing agent before dental bleaching. Placebo gel was applied to the upper left jaw and the bleaching agent was applied to the upper right jaw in all groups. Subsequently, the groups were divided into 3 subgroups based on the time of analysis: 0, 24, and 48 hours after bleaching (n = 8). The rats were euthanized and the maxillae were processed and evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). Results: In the bleaching groups, the inflammatory process and expression of neuropeptides decreased over time. The animals in which a desensitizing agent was applied showed better results within 24 hours. Conclusions: The use of a desensitizing agent had positive effects on inflammation and pain-related neuropeptide expression, minimizing the painful effects of dental bleaching treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2010

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 미세 유체 흐름 측정장치를 이용해서 각 상아질 지각과민 처치제의 적용 과정 중 발생하는 상아 세관액 흐름의 유동을 관찰하고, 상아질 지각과민 처치제 간 적용 후 투과도 감소의 차이를 비교하고자 하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: CEJ 5 mm 하방에서 절단한 소구치를 미세 흐름 측정장치에 연결하여 20 cm $H_2O$의 정수압을 가하였다. 치경부에 상하 3 mm, 근원심 4 mm, 깊이 2 mm의 V자 형태의 5급 와동을 형성하고 smear layer를 제거하기 위해 15초 동안 산 부식한 후 상아질 지각과민 처치제를 적용하였다. 사용된 상아질 지각과민 처치제는 Seal&Protect (SP), SuperSeal (SS), BisBlock (BB), Gluma desensitizer (GL), Bifluoride 12 (BF) 이다. 상아세관액의 흐름은 지각과민 처치제 도포 전부터 도포 후 5분까지 실시간으로 측정되었다. 결과: 실험에 사용한 모든 상아질 지각과민 처치제는 적용 후의 상아세관액 흐름율이 적용 전에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다(p < 0.05). SP는 GL과 BF에 비해 유의하게 투과도 감소가 나타났다 (p < 0.05). SS와 BB는 BF에 비해 유의하게 투과도 감소를 보였다 (p < 0.05). 결론: 지각과민 처치제의 도포 과정 동안 각 처치제의 특징적인 상아세관액의 유동을 미세 유체 흐름 측정장치를 통해 관찰 할 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.135-148
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodic effect of desensitizing drug such as potassium oxalate(D.D.S. # I&II), strontium chloride (ZAROSEN)$^{(R)}$, and placebo group. The 193 teeth of 93 patients who had been complained dental hypersensitivity, and were divided into three groups by application agent and desensitizing treatment was completed. The interval of observation and treatment period were immediately, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week, 4 week, before and after treatment. The data was statistically analized and the results were as followed. 1. Group I showed best desensitizing effect to the stimuli, followed by Group II, Group III. 2. There was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in desensitizing effect among the Group I, Group III and Group II, Group III but there was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in Group I, Group II. 3. The cold stimuli was most effective in desensitization and there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in cold, air-blast, but there was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in other stimuli. 4. There was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in effect of the desensitization of the cause of exposed dentine. 5. Anterior teeth was more effective than posterior teeth in desensitization and there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) between anterior teeth and posterior teeth. 6. In analysis of stimuli on the potassium oxalate, there was a significant difference (p < 0.005) in cold, air-blast but there was no significant difference (p < 0.005) in other stimuli.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.216-225
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the desensitizing effect of potassium oxalate(Group I), sodium fluoride (Group II), and control group (Group III). The 120 teeth of 26 patients who had been complained dentinal hypersensitivity were divided into three groups by applicating agent. The observation was done before and immediately after treatment. The data were statistically analyzed and the results were as followed. 1. Potassium oxalate showed the best desensitizing effect to the stimuli, followed by sodium fluoride, control group, and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in desensitizing effect among the groups. 2. Potassium oxalate showed the best desensitizing effect to the stimuli, followed by sodium fluride, control group on both cervical abrasion and gingival recession, and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in desensitizing effect among the groups on both cervical abrasion and gingival recession. 3. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in effect of the desensitization between cervical abrasion and gingival recession. 4. The scratch and air blast I were more effective in desensitiziation than other stimuli with significant difference (p<0.05). In view of the results mentioned above, it can be conceived that potassium oxalate is more effective than sodium fluoride on the reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.322-329
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• 1999

The hydrodynamic theory of dentin sensitivity states that movement of tubular contents or tubular fluid, in either direction of dentinal tubule, causes dentin sensitivity. A corollary of that theory is that anything that can decrease dentinal fluid movement or dentin permeability should decrease dentin sensitivity. A wide variety of physicochemical methods have been used to reduce the permeability and sensitivity of exposed dentin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of 4 kinds of clinical desensitizing agents(2% NaF, 30% Potassium oxalate, MS Coat$^{(R)}$, Tubulitec system$^{(R)}$) to reduce the rate of fluid flow through dentin in vitro. Sixty coronal dentin discs, 1mm in thickness, were prepared from extracted third molars, free from decay and wear. Dentin discs were treated with 3% EDTA(Tubulicid Plus$^{(R)}$(Dental Therapeutics AB, Sweden)) to remove the smear layer and debris occluding the tubular orifices. After placing the discs in a split chamber device, the rate at which physiologic saline solution could filter across dentin under 150cm $H_2O$ hydrostatic pressure was measured. The occlusal side of the discs were then treated with MS Coat$^{(R)}$, 2% NaF, Tubulitec system$^{(R)}$, and 30% Potassium oxalate, and the filter ratio of the saline solution was measured again. The following conclusions were drawn : 1. Hydraulic conductance which was measured after the application of desensitizing agents was decreased in all the groups(p<0.05). 2. % change of hydraulic conductance was compared but no significant difference was found among the four desensitizing agents(p>0.05). 2% NaF, 30% Potassium oxalate, MS Coat$^{(R)}$ and Tubulitec system$^{(R)}$ decreased the permeability of dentin. It is considered that above four agents can be used in treating the hypersensitive teeth.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2014

목적: 상아질 지각과민증의 치료를 위해 사용되는 지각과민 처치제의 효과는 일시적인 것으로 보이며 이는 상당부분 칫솔질에 의한 마모소실로 판단된다. 지각과민 처치제의 칫솔질에 의한 마모를 감소시키기 위해 bonding resin을 지각과민 처치제에 추가 도포하여 칫솔질 시행 후 상아질 투과도의 변화에 대해 연구하였다. 재료 및 방법: 우식이 없는 치아를 이용하여 1 mm 두께의 치관부 상아질 디스크를 제작한 다음, All-Bond 2$^{(R)}$, Seal & Protect$^{(R)}$, Gluma$^{(R)}$, MS Coat$^{(R)}$의 4 종류의 지각과민 처치제만 처리한 시편과 Dentine/Enamel Bonding Resin$^{(R)}$ (Bisco Inc.)을 추가로 도포한 시편에 대해 처리하기 전과 처리한 후, 1주(왕복 140회), 2주(왕복 280회), 6주(왕복 840회)에 해당하는 칫솔질을 적용한 후에 측정한 hydraulic conductance (Lp)와 주사 전자 현미경 사진을 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 지각과민 처치제 만을 처리한 군과 bonding resin (Dentine/Enamel Bonding Resin$^{(R)}$)을 추가 도포한 군 모두에서 처리 직후 hydraulic conductance가 급격히 감소하였다. 지각과민 처치제만 처리한 군과 bonding resin을 추가 도포한 군 간의 hydraulic conductance를 비교한 결과 All-Bond 2$^{(R)}$, Gluma$^{(R)}$, MS Coat$^{(R)}$와 bonding resin을 도포한 군에서는 1주(왕복 140회), 2주(왕복 280회), 6주(왕복 840회)의 칫솔질을 시행한 후 hydraulic conductance가 지각과민 처치제만 도포한 군에 비해 현저히 낮았고, Seal & Protect$^{(R)}$ 에서는 6주(왕복840회)의 칫솔질을 시행한 후에만 같은 결과를 보였다. 주사 전자 현미경 관찰에서 지각과민 처치제만 처리한 군과 bonding resin을 추가로 도포한 군 모두에서 처리 직후에 상아세관이 완전히 폐쇄되거나 일부만 폐쇄되어 상아 세관의 내경이 감소된 양상을 볼 수 있었으나, 6주(왕복 840회) 칫솔질 시행 후에는 bonding resin을 추가 도포한 군에서만 현저하게 폐쇄 또는 내경이 감소된 상아세관이 관찰되었다. 결론: 지각과민 처치제 처리 후 bonding resin (Dentine/Enamel Bonding Resin$^{(R)}$, Bisco Inc.)을 추가 도포하는 것이 지속적인 상아세관 폐쇄에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2017

Objectives: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the ability of a desensitizing agent and a self-etch adhesive on cervical dentin sensitivity (CDS) after periodontal surgery. Materials and Methods: Ninety hypersensitive teeth of 13 subjects were included in the study. After periodontal surgery, the teeth of each posterior sextant treated with one of the following materials: G1: Clearfil $S^3$ Bond (Kuraray Dental), G2: Gluma Desensitizer (Heraeus Kulzer), and G3: placebo (water). The sensitivity was assessed using evaporative stimuli before treatment (baseline, T0), 1 day after treatment (T1), after 1 week (T2), and 1 month (T3) according to visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Following the treatment, all the 3 groups showed significant reduction of CDS in T1 compared to T0. Reduction of CDS between T1 and T2 was observed only in G1 but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 in this group. Although we observed a significant difference in T3 compared to T1 and T2 in G2 and G3, comparison of treatment groups in each assessment time showed a significant difference only in T3. According to paired comparison, this was due to the difference between G2 and G3. Conclusions: Dentin sensitivity following periodontal surgery will decrease spontaneously over time, but treating the sensitive teeth with Gluma Desensitizer and Clearfil $S^3$ Bond can have some benefits.