• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.221-233
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• 2014

Simulations were conducted to predict supersaturation along Reverse Osmosis (RO) modules for seawater desalination. The modeling approach is based on the use of conservation principles and chemical equilibria equations along RO modules. Full Pitzer ion interactive forces model for concentrated solutions was implement to calculate activity coefficients. An average rejection rate for all ionic species was considered. Supersaturation has been used to assess scaling. Supersaturations with respect to all calcium carbonate forms and calcium sulfate were calculated up to 50% recovery rate in seawater RO desalination. The results for four different seawater qualities are shown. The predictions were in a good agreement with the experimental results.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2020

This paper presents a screening protocol for the selection of solvents available for the solvent extraction desalination process. The desalination solvents hypothetically and theoretically require the capability of (1) Forming hydrogen bonds with water, (2) Absorbing some water molecules into its non-polar solvent layer, (3) Changing solubility for water-solvent separation, and (4) Rejecting salt ions during absorption. Similar to carboxylic acids, amine solvents are solvent chemicals applicable for desalination. The key parameter for selecting the potential solvent was the octanol-water partitioning coefficient (Kow) of which preferable value for desalination was in the range of 1-3. Six of the 30 amine solvents can absorb water and have a variable, i.e., temperature swing solubility with water molecule for water-solvent separation. Also, the hydrogen bonding interaction between solvent and water must be stronger than the ion-dipole interaction between water and salt, which means that the salt ions must be broken from the water and only water molecules absorbed for the desalination. In the final step, three solvents were selected as desalination solvents to remove salt ions and recover water. The water recovery of these three solvents were 15.4 %, 2.8 %, 10.5 %, and salt rejection were 76 %, 98 %, 95 %, respectively. This study suggests a new screening protocol comprising the theoretical and experimental approaches for the selection of solvents for the desalination method which is a new and challenges the desalination process in the future.

• 멤브레인
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 축전식 탈염 공정에 분할 전극을 이용하여 탈염 성능을 향상하고자 하였다. 운전조건으로 NaCl 수용액에 대하여 20 mL/min의 유속과 1.2 V, 3분의 흡착 조건과 -1 V, 1분의 탈착 조건으로 전극의 분할 여부에 따른 탈염 효율을 측정함으로써 실험을 진행하였다. 분할되지 않은 전극에서는 유효면적이 $146cm^2$일 때 40%의 탈염 효율이 나타났고 분할 전극의 유효면적이 $133cm^2$일 때 57%의 탈염 효율을 보였다. 같은 분할된 전극에서 탈염 효율은 2 cm 간격을 두었을 때 49%, 1 cm의 간격을 두었을 때 57%로 확인되었다. 탈염 효율이 일반 CDI보다 분할 전극 CDI가 높았고 분할 전극 사이의 간격이 좁을수록 증가하였다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

일반적으로 해수담수화플랜트는 크게 두 가지의 문제점을 가지고 있는데, 에너지 비효율성과 해수담수화 후 부산물인 농축수의 해결방안이다. 전자는 태양에너지 등 신 재생에너지원의 활용과 새로운 기술에 대한 꾸준한 연구개발로 상당히 그 효율성이 개선되었으나, 농축수 해결방안에 대한 연구는 아직 미미한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 많은 에너지를 투입하여 담수와 함께 생산된 농축수의 활용과 관련하여 제염이 가능한 설비의 구축과 그 효용성을 제고하기 위한 미네랄(Mg) 성분 제어에 관하여 제주 MVR해수담수화 플랜트를 중심으로 그 연구 결과를 소개하고자 한다. 플랜트의 정상 작동으로 생산된 농축수에 본 연구의 제염 설비를 적용하여 단계별 소금의 성분 함량을 분석했을 때 Mg 성분 수치가 줄어드는 것으로 보아 미네랄(Mg) 제어가 정상적으로 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 아울러, 본 MVR해수담수화 플랜트의 에너지 이용의 효율성과 담수 생산 및 농축수 활용에 관하여 그 활용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2015

Desalination technology is a process to remove salt from water. There are three classified In accordance with the concentration of salt The concentration of sea water 15,000~50,000mg/l, brackish water 1,500~15,000mg/l, desalination less than 500mg/l.. In general, salt to remove for using a pre-treatment UF filter, but this study is new pre-treatment technology RO Membrane process technology Suspended particulate matter is said most were treated at the pre-treatment equipment, wheat affluent particulate material was removed from the MF filter. Influent SS 16.2mg /l The treatment was effective in treatment 0.05mg /l of 99% is removed. COD is reduced to 60% in the pre-treatment device, after treatment was reduced to 30% RO membrane. Influent COD 10.2mg/l treatment was removed 1.9mg/l. The removal rate is 81.9%. Desalination removes the ionic substances in the RO Membrane. Influent EC $978.8{\mu}s/cm$ and treatment showed a result of $18.7{\mu}s/cm$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.674-680
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• 2023

The brine and seawater are important and largely untapped sources of critical trace metals and elements. The coupling of selective recovery of trace metals from seawater/brine with desalination plants gives an added advantage of energy credits to desalination plants and as well as reduce the cost of desalinated water. In this paper, status review on recovery of important trace metals and other alkali metals from seawater is presented. The potential of Indian desalination plants for recovery of trace metals, based on recovery ratio of 0.35 is also highlighted. Studies carried out by the process based on adsorption using Radiation Induced Grafted (RIG) polymeric adsorbents and then fractional elutions are presented. The fouling factors due to bio fouling and dirt fouling have been estimated for various locations of interest through field trails. The pay loader in the form of compact Contactor Assembly with minimum pressure drop, for loading specially designed radiation grafted sorbent in leaflet form has been briefed, as required for plant scale facility. The typical conceptual process design details of farm assembly of project CRUDE are described.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.447-451
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• 2004

The various pretreatment processes were evaluated to remove organic pollutants of weathered oil contaminated seawater(WOCS) for reverse osmosis desalination process, Biodegradation, coagulation, ultrafiltration, advanced oxidation processes and granular activated carbon filtration were used to evaluate the potential of organic pollutants removal in WOCS. Dissolved Organic Carbon(DOC) was almost not removed by biodegradation in WOCS. DOC was removed by 25% and 10% with the addition of $FeCl_3$ and PAC in WOCS, respectively. The removal efficiency using ultrafiltration(WOCS 500) was about 20% of DOC and 40% of $E_{260}$, respectively. In AOP application of WOCS, the removal of organic materials was improved up to 60% by the combination of $UV/O_3$ compared to UV process. However, 98% of DOC in woes could be removed by granular activated carbon filtration. It is revealed that activated carbon filtration is the best process for the pretratment of DOC removal.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2013

역삼투막을 이용한 해수담수화 공정에서 발생되는 농축수의 최소방류 및 회수율 극대화를 위한 공정으로 전기투석을 이용한 농축수의 이차 농축기술 연구를 수행하였다. 실험방법은 정전압운전 방식을 채용하였으며, 농축/탈염조의 용량비율, 전압별 변화 및 전해질을 농축수로 활용시 등에 대한 검토를 수행하였다. 사용한 막은 다가이온막을 채용하였으며, 전력효율을 최소화하며, 농축수의 농도를 극대화 및 탈염수의 농도를 최소화할 수 있는 조건 도출을 목표로 삼았다. 실험결과 농축/탈염조의 비율은 1대 5의 비율이, 전압의 경우 12V로 전해질의 경우 농축수를 이용시에도 효율에는 큰 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 이와 같은 실험조건에서 도출된 최적조건으로는 탈염수의 총용존고형물 농도가 5.32g/l, 이차 농축수의 염도는 17.07%이며 전력량은 탈염수 톤당 16.74kWh로 나타났다.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.147-161
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• 2016

To start with, finding a sustainable method to produce sweet water and electricity by using renewable energies is one of the most important issues at this time. So, experimental and theoretical analysis of the performance of a closed solar powered still, which is jointed to photovoltaic cells and vacuum pump and equipped by nano plate, as the principle stage of zero discharge desalination process is investigated in this project. Major goal of this work is to reuse the concentrated brine of the Mobin petrochemical complex in order to produce potable, sweet water from effluent saline wastewater and generating electricity in the same time by using solar energy instead of discharging them to the environment. It is observed the increase in brackish water temperature increases the average daily production of solar desalination still considerably. Therefore, the nano plate and vacuum pump are added to augment the evaporation rate. The insolation rate, evaporation rate, the average brackish temperature, ambient temperature, density are investigated during a year 2013. In addition to obtain the capacity of solar powered still, the highest and lowest amount of water and electricity generation are reported during a twelvemonth (2013). Results indicate the average daily production is increased 16%, which represents 7.78 kW.h energy saving comparing with traditional solar still.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.551-556
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• 2022

분리막을 활용한 수처리 공정을 통해 얻어진 담수된 물은 전 세계적인 물 부족 문제를 해결해 줄 수 있는 유망한 기술로 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 오늘날 담수화에 가장 널리 활용되고 있는 역삼투압 분리막 기반 공정은 지구상에 풍부한 바닷물을 담수화하는 기술이기 때문에 산업적으로도 그 잠재성이 매우 풍부하다. 이러한 담수 공정 성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 분리막의 역삼투압 메커니즘을 원자/분자 수준에서 이해할 필요가 있다. 본 총설에서는 오늘날 소재 연구에 있어 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 분자 전산모사에 대한 소개와 함께 역삼투압 분리막 연구 개발에 있어 원자/분자 수준에서의 전산모사 역할을 소개하고자 한다.