• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.39-42
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• 2008

We have developed new display techniques that allow presentation of nearly correct focus cues. Using these techniques, we find that stereo vision is faster and more accurate, and that viewers experience less discomfort, when focus cues are consistent with simulated depth.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

3D video is regarded as the next generation contents in numerous applications. The 2D-to-3D video conversion technologies are strongly required to resolve a lack of 3D videos during the period of transition to the full ripe 3D video era. In 2D-to-3D conversion methods, after the depth image of each scene in 2D video is estimated, stereoscopic video is synthesized using DIBR (Depth Image Based Rendering) technologies. This paper proposes a novel depth fusion algorithm that integrates multiple depth cues contained in 2D video to generate stereoscopic video. For the proper depth fusion, it is checked whether some cues are reliable or not in current scene. Based on the result of the reliability tests, current scene is classified into one of 4 scene types and scene-adaptive depth fusion is applied to combine those reliable depth cues to generate the final depth information. Simulation results show that each depth cue is reasonably utilized according to scene types and final depth is generated by cues which can effectively represent the current scene.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.287-301
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• 2006

Two experiments were performed to investigate effects of background depth information on the judgment of two-dimensional shapes, using the Posner et al.'s(1969) physical match task. In both experiments, the focus was on whether the background depth information affects the decisions of physical shape sameness of two letters or figures presented successively. In Experiment 1, artificially constructed rues of linear perspective and texture gradient were used, whereas cues contained in a real road situation were used in Experiment 2. The results of both experiments showed that the depth cues affect the perception of two-dimensional shapes. That is, when two stimuli of the same physical shape were likely to be perceived differently due to the given depth cues, response accuracies('yet' in this case) decreased and reaction tines of physical match increased. And when two stimuli of the different physical shape were likely to be perceived the same due to the given depth cues, response accuracies('no' in this case) decreased and reaction times of physical match increased likewise. These results wert discussed in terms of some conceptual methodological problems of the previous studies on the shape constancy and the directions of future research.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2008

Developing from stereoscopic to autostereoscopic, researchers on display technology are trying to provide more depth cues to viewer, leading to the advent of true 3D display. Volumetric 3D displays seem to be practical technology at present. Ultimate display will function like human vision system, with characteristics of providing all depth cues and free interaction.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1159-1181
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• 2016

This study introduces an image-based 2D-to-3D conversion system that provides significant stereoscopic visual effects for humans. The linear and atmospheric perspective cues that compensate each other are employed to estimate depth information. Rather than retrieving a precise depth value for pixels from the depth cues, a direction angle of the image is estimated and then the depth gradient, in accordance with the direction angle, is integrated with superpixels to obtain the depth map. However, stereoscopic effects of synthesized views obtained from this depth map are limited and dissatisfy viewers. To obtain impressive visual effects, the viewer's main focus is considered, and thus salient object detection is performed to explore the significance region for visual attention. Then, the depth map is refined by locally modifying the depth values within the significance region. The refinement process not only maintains global depth consistency by correcting non-uniform depth values but also enhances the visual stereoscopic effect. Experimental results show that in subjective evaluation, the subjectively evaluated degree of satisfaction with the proposed method is approximately 7% greater than both existing commercial conversion software and state-of-the-art approach.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.193-221
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• 2007

This study explored the efficient hierarchical data structure of mobile interfaces. The first experiment demonstrated the effects of grouping(clear/unclear), depth level(2/3/5), and the number of items(32/64/128) on the search time and the number of errors. The results indicated that participants spent less time and made fewer errors to perform the task when the clear mobile interfaces, low depth level, and fewer items were provided. In addition, the results indicated that there were no effects of the depth level and the number of items on the search time and number of errors in clear mobile interfaces conditions. As depth level and the number of items changed, on the other hand, participants spent longer time to complete the task and made more mistakes in unclear mobile interfaces conditions. The second experiment investigated the effects of grouping(clear/unclear), the number of items(32/64/128), and spacial cues(colors/ windows/ number of cues) on search time and the number of errors in hierarchical data structures which had five depth levels. The results indicated that participants spent less time to complete the task and made less errors in a mobile interface when grouping is clear and the number of items are fewer. The results were identical with the first experiments. In addition, the main effect of spacial cues indicated that providing spacial cues via pictures and numbers can be helpful to reduce errors in search behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.246-255
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• 2007

The floating image system (FIS) is a device to display input source in the space between fast surface of the display and an observer and it provides pseudo 3D depth to an observer when input source as real object or 2D image was displayed through the optical lens system in the FIS. The Advanced floating image system (AFIS) was designed to give more effective 3D depth than existing FIS by adding front and rear depth cues to the displayed stereogram, which it was used as input source. The magnitude of disparity and size of stereogram were strongly related each other and they have been optimized for presenting 3D depths in a non-optical lens systems. Thus, if they were used in optical lens system, they will have reduced or magnified parameters, leading to problem such as providing incorrect 3D depth cues to an observer. Although the size of stereogram and disparity were demagnified by total magnifying power of optical system, the viewing distance (VD) from the display to an observer and base distance (BD) for the gap between the eyes were fixed. For this reason, the quantity of disparity in displayed stereogram through the existing FIS has not kept the magnifying power to the total optical system. Therefore, we proposed the methods to provide correct 3D depth to an observer by compensating quantity of disparity in stereogram which was satisfied to keep total magnifying power of optical lenses system by AFIS. Consequently, the AFIS provides a good floating depth (pseudo 3D) with correct front and rear 3D depth cues to an observer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.15.2-15
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• 2001

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.368-378
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• 2015

3D conversion technology has been studied over past decades and integrated to commercial 3D displays and 3DTVs. The 3D conversion plays an important role in the augmented functionality of three-dimensional television (3DTV), because it can easily provide 3D contents. Generally, depth cues extracted from a static image is used for generating a depth map followed by DIBR (Depth Image Based Rendering) rendering for producing a stereoscopic image. However except some particular images, the existence of depth cues is rare so that the consistent quality of a depth map cannot be accordingly guaranteed. Therefore, it is imperative to make a 3D conversion method that produces satisfactory and consistent 3D for diverse video contents. From this viewpoint, this paper proposes a novel method with applicability to general types of image. For this, saliency as well as edge is utilized. To generate a depth map, geometric perspective, affinity model and binomic filter are used. In the experiments, the proposed method was performed on 24 video clips with a variety of contents. From a subjective test for 3D perception and visual fatigue, satisfactory and comfortable viewing of 3D contents was validated.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Ghosted illustration is an effective tool to simultaneously visualize interior and exterior structures while preserving clear shape cues. We propose a novel framework that combines 3D blending technique, which uses depth information of the target structure, with the conventional ghosted illustration framework. This combination facilitates natural blending effects tailored to the needs of ghosted illustration. Furthermore, we present how common manipulation techniques (e.g., masking) and illustrative rendering effects (e.g., silhouette mapping) can be integrated into the proposed framework to preserve both clear shape cues and depth cues. For the compositing techniques, we show and discuss the visual results obtained from various combinations of them. This demonstrates that the proposed framework can be an effective tool for ghost illustration.