• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.549-559
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical changes in graft size after treatment with strip gingival autograft in human. 57 premolar teeth in 27 patients having the following mucogingival problems were selected. The width of extension, attached gingiva including free marginal gingiva, width of transplant and clinical sulcus depth were measured at the initial examination, 2, 12 and 24 weeks following the strip gingival autograft and free gingival autograft. The change of width of extension, attached gingiva including free marginal gingiva, width of transplant and clinical sulcus depth according to healing process in both graft procedures was statistically analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA test and independent t-test using SPSS program. The results were as follows : 1. The change of keratinized gingiva in both graft procedures was increased significantly at 24 weeks post-op. 2. The clinical sulcus depth exhibited no marked changes throughout the entire investigation in both graft procedures. 3. No dimensional variation was seen in graft size in both graft procedures. 4. Shrinkage did not differ significantly in both graft procedures. From the day of grafting to 24 weeks after surgery the percentages of shrinkage were : strip gingival autograft 28% and free gingival autograft 29%.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.333-336
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• 1991

High energy Photon beam has a sharp beam margin due to a less side scatter and the other things. But there still remains a penumbra where the dose changes rapidly in the region near the edge of a radiation beam, although it is short in width. It is suggested that the width of the penumbra depends on the source size, distance from source to diaphragm, source to skin distance, and depth in tissue. However, it is also supposed that the other factors influence the penumbra width. In this paper, we investigate changes of the physical penumbra widths according to various field sizes and depths, by using the three dimensional dosimetry system. As a result, we found that as field size and depth increase, the physical penumbra width also increases.

• Korean small business review
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2019

This paper seeks to explore the effects of search strategies on innovation performance in the context of small and medium enterprises. The empirical results of 3,398 Korean SMEs demonstrate that there is a substitutive relationship between search depth and search width, and this substitutive relationship is weakened when a firm possesses collaboration experience. Furthermore, although these two types of search enhance innovation performance, the impact of search depth is greater than that of search width. The positive effect of search width on innovation performance is weakened when the firm adopts formal information protection mechanisms.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.231-254
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• 1994

Fracture of cusp, on posterior teeth, especially those carious or restored, is major cause of tooth loss. Inappropriate treatments, such as unnecessarily wide cavity preparations, increase the potential of further trauma and possible fracture of the remaining tooth structures. Fracture potential may be directly related to the stresses exerted upon the tooth during masticatory function. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fracture resistance of tooth, restored with composite resin inlay. In this study, MOD inlay cavity prepared on maxillary first premolar and restored with composite resin inlay. Three dimensional finite element models with eight nodes isoparametric solid element, developed by serial grinding-photographing technique. These models have various occlusal isthmus and depth of cavity, 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 of isthmus width and 0.7, 0.85 and 1.0 of depth of cavity. The magnitude of load was 474 N and 172 N as presented to maximal biting force and normal chewing force. These loads applied onto ridges of buccal and lingual cusp. These models analyzed with three dimensional finite element method. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There is no difference of displacement between width of occlusal isthmus and depth of cavity. 2. The stress concentrated at bucco-mesial comer, bucco-disal comer, pulpal line angle and the interface area between internal slopes of cusp and resin inlay. 3. The vector of stress direct to buccal and lingual side from center of cavity, to tooth surface going on to enamel. The magnitude of vector increase from occlusal surface to cervix. 4. The crack of tooth start interface area, between internal slop of buccal cusp and resin inlay. It progresses through buccopulpal line angle to cervix at buccomesial and buccodistal comer. 5. The influence with depth of cavity to fracture of tooth was more than width of isthmus. 6. It would be favorable to make the isthmus width narrower than a third of the intercuspal distance and depth of cavity is below 1 : 0.7.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.85-95
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• 1997

This study is to investigate the optimum conditions of Nd:YAG laser beam welding for Zircaloy-4 end cap closure by optical fiber transmission. Laser welding parameters which affect the penetration depth and bead width were experimentally examined using the various beam radius by the beam quality analyzer, joint geometries of end cap and the laser parameters which mean pulse width, repetition rate and pulse energy. Also, an optimum welding speed and the effect of assistant gas with varying the flow rate of He were investigated. We found that the laser average power for the end cap welding will be 230W and rotation speed must not exceed 8 RPM, the best position of focus using optical fiber with 600.mu.m will be 2 to 3mm below the surface of the material.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1984

In order to investigate the predominant factors which determine penetration depth and bead width in electron beam welding, bead-on-plate welding was carried out using 7075-T6 Al alloy. The results obtained from the present experiments can be summarized as follows; 1) With increasing accelerating voltage, bead width (B.W) decreases but penetration increases remarkably. 2) Increasing beam current results in increase of bead width and penetration respectively, and decrease of the ratio of penetration increment to beam current increment. 3) With increasing welding speed penetration decreases remarkably, while bead width creases.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.12-21
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• 1989

Laser beam welding parameters have experimentally investigated, using a continuous wave 3kW $CO_2$ laser with the various travel speeds, beam mode and laser beam power in low carbon steels. An optimum position of focus and the effect of shielding gas on penetration depth with varying the flow range of 0.5 to 5.1m/min have been combined to investigate the effect of laser power and travel speed on penetration depth and bead width. It is found that the optimum position of focus in 3kW class laser is 0.5 to 1.5mm below the surface of the material. The flow rate of shielding gas affects the penetration depth and He is more effective than Ar. The penetration depth in laser welds of low carbon steels is between two and four times of the bead width. Laser beam welding of butt joints in 2mm thick carbon steel has been carried out to establish a weldability lobe. The lobe indicating acceptable welding conditions is introduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.87-95
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• 1995

In order to predict the case depth and case width in laser transformation hardening, a finite element method was used to analyze the temperature distribution on the material. Laser hardening of the specimens of SM45C and STE11steels was experimented by using the continuous wave CO$_{2}$ laser with the various travel speeds and the defocused Gaussian beam mode. Phosphate coating was adopted on the surface of SM45C to increase the absorption of 10.6 .mu. m laser energy. Experimental data show good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The maximum possible case depth can be predicted for the given laser hardening conditions, such as laser power, and travel speed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.821-833
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information about body proportion characteristics, and the level of body cathexis and fit satisfaction related to those characteristics. It is hoped that this will help to improve ready-to-wear satisfaction in middle-aged women. In order to achieve this purpose, the body proportion characteristics of middle-aged women were measured and were compared with that of standard and ideal body types. Then, the body cathexis and fit satisfaction according to these characteristics was analyzed. Finally, the following results were obtained. First, the average height of middle-aged women was 6.87 head, waist length was 58.9% of height, and knee length was 25.6% of height. In frontal appearance, the hip width, shoulder width, and chest width were wider than waist width(24%, 20%, and 11% respectively). Chest and hip depths was thicker than waist depth(19% and 17% respectively). Second, in lengths proportion, their lower body was shorter than the standard body shape for women in their 20s'. Also the difference between the width of frontal appearance and depth proportion of side appearance was small, suggesting a more slender silhouette among the middle aged women. Finally, middle-aged women who were not wide or big in the chest had higher satisfaction with their bodies. As shoulder width and chest depth became small, the fit satisfaction of upper clothes increased. While longer lower body had higher fit satisfaction with pants crotch, shorter lower body had higher fit satisfaction with waist and abdominal parts.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.405-410
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• 2001

To investigate factors influencing the effective width of. SRC column-steel beam joint resisting the moment as strut, six specimens are designed and tested. Parameters in the test are column width, beam height and horizontal tie within beam depth. From the test, using either wide column width or ties, strength and stiffness of joint were developed. The lower beam height the specimens showed the lower moment.