• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2013

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is defined as the tendency to react negatively on an emotional, cognitive, and behavioral level to uncertain situations and events. However, this definition is somewhat categorical and does not explain the phenomenology of IU. Intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS), the standard measure of IU, was considered to have two factors : 'unacceptability and avoidance of uncertainty' and 'uncertainty leading to the inability to act'. IU may be a cognitive vulnerability factor for clinical worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A number of moderators and mediators including cognitive avoidance, experiential avoidance and rumination influence the relationship between IU, worry, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxious and depressive symptoms. IU may be more strongly related to the symptoms of GAD than to symptoms of other anxiety disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and major depressive disorder. IU may serve as an important transdiagnostic feature across anxiety and depressive disorders. Incorporating IU-specific treatment components into therapeutic protocols may result in pervasive benefits, and not only for those with GAD or OCD, but for people with any anxiety disorder or with depression.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to investigate clinical characteristics and risk factors for sleep disturbance in patients with prostate cancer. Method: Participants were recruited from P hospital outpatient clinic from March 23 to April 20, 2006, and 101 participants completed a questionnaire assessing general and clinical characteristics, sleep quality, physical symptoms and psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: In this study, 29.7% of the patients reported sleep disturbance. Cancer diagnosis related factors which affected sleep disturbance were onset (55.3%) and aggravation (83.3%). Habitual sleep efficiency of patients with sleep disturbance was as follows: bedtime was 10 PM, wake-up time was 6AM, sleep duration was six hours and twenty minutes. Risk factors for the presence of sleep disturbance included metastasis, the presence of intestinal symptoms, depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Sleep disturbance is a frequent problem associated with prostate cancer and seems to be influenced by aggravation of illness and the presence of physical and psychological symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of telephone follow-up on glycemic control, lipid profiles. and treatment method in diabetic patients with depressive symptoms over one year follow-up period. Twenty-two diabetic patients attended the structured diabetes education program between March 2004 and February 2005 and completed a questionnaire using the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) to measure depressive symptoms. The patients showed depressive symptoms with the criterion being a BDI score at least 16. The intervention was applied to the telephone follow-up for one year. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar test. The patients decreased their mean glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc) levels by 1.9%(p=0.001). There was a significant mean change in the fasting blood sugar(FBS) level, with a mean change of -61mg/$d{\ell}$(p=0.008). These findings indicated that the telephone follow-up may be effective in the HbAlc and FBS control.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2018

Objective: Cognitive disturbance is one of the major symptoms of depression and may be improved by treatment with antidepressants. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of cognitive improvement in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who were taking antidepressants. Methods: This study included 86 patients with MDD who completed 12 weeks of antidepressant monotherapy. Cognitive symptoms were assessed using the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Korean version (PDQ-K), which addresses four domains of cognitive functioning (attention/concentration, retrospective memory, prospective memory, and organization/planning) and was administered at study entry and at the 12-week end point. A variety of demographic, clinical, and treatment-related variables were evaluated as predictors of changes in total and domain scores. Results: All PDQ-K domains showed significant improvement after 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment. More severe initial depressive symptoms, fewer sick-leave days at study entry, and reduced use of concomitant anxiolytics/hypnotics during treatment were significantly associated with greater cognitive improvement. Conclusion: Cognitive symptoms are more responsive to antidepressant treatment in patients with severe MDD. Reduced use of anxiolytics and hypnotics could improve the cognitive functioning of patients with MDD taking antidepressants.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

Background and purpose: We investigated existing nonpharmacological programs for people with dementia (PWD) to explore critical factors related to the effectiveness of these types of programs. Methods: We conducted a qualitative systematic literature review to identify nonpharmacological intervention programs developed for PWD and reviewed 36 randomized controlled trials. Among several outcomes reported in each study, we focused on the most common outcomes including quality of life (QoL), neuropsychiatric symptoms, depression, agitation, and cognition for further review. Results: Several factors were identified that might affect the outcomes of nonpharmacological interventions for PWD including study design, characteristics of the intervention, maintaining research participants, heterogeneity issues, and implementation fidelity. About half of studies in this review reported positive program effects on their targeted outcomes such as Well-being and Health for PWD on improving quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms and agitation; cognitive stimulation therapy on QoL, neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognition; and a stepwise multicomponent intervention on neuropsychiatric symptoms, depression and agitation. Conclusions: We found some programs even with a rigorous study design did not produce expected outcomes while other programs with poor designs reported positive outcomes, which necessitates further investigation on the validity of the assessments. Factors such as individual tailored and customized interventions, promoting social interactions, ease of administration and compatibility of interventions, and developing program theory need to be considered when developing nonpharmacological intervention programs.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 대한민국 성인 여성의 불안 및 우울증상 경험여부와 사회 경제적 수준 간의 관계를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 국민건강영양조사 제6기 1차년도 원시자료를 이용하였고, 성인여성 3,453명을 최종 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 건강변수를 보정한 후 사회경제적 수준과 불안 및 우울증상간의 관계를 규명하기 위해 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 불안 및 우울증상 경험 여부에 영향을 미치는 변수는 '나이, 결혼상태, 교육수준, 소득수준, 경제활동 참가여부, 주관적 건강상태, 평소 스트레스 인지 정도'인 것으로 나타났다. 위의 결과를 토대로 대한민국 성인여성의 사회 경제적 수준과 불안 및 우울증상 경험여부 사이에는 연관성이 있는 것으로 결론지었으며 저소득, 저학력, 미취업 여성들을 위한 우울증 예방 및 관리 프로그램이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.385-397
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to document the stress symptoms (Anxiety and depression) among dental students and the difference of stress level between classes and by gender. All students in dental college, Seoul National University, in the 1995 academic year, were tested with the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory just before the first semestral examination when the stress levels of students are expected to be the highest. 303 students answered the test. The obtained results were as follows : 1. State Anxiety inventory scores of the second-year and first-year students were significantly higher than those of the fourth -year and third-year(p(0.01), and all classes showed mean state anxiety scores more than mild. 2. Trait Anxiety inventory scores of the second-year and first-year students were significantly higher than those of the third-year and forth-year(p(0.01), and all classes showed mean Trait Anxiety scores more than mild. 3. Beck Depression inventory scores of the second -year students were significantly higher than those of the third-year and fourth-year(p(0.01), and twenty two students(7.3%) among the fourth classes showed depression symptoms. 4. In the comparison of the mean scores of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory between male and female students, State Anxiety Inventory scores of the second-year female students were significantly higher than those of the second year male students(p(0.05), and there was no significant difference elsewhere.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2007

Objectives : Studies have reported differences between depressed adults and controls in quantitative measures of EEG alpha asymmetry, but, there are few using Korean subjects. So, the present study compared EEG regional alpha asymmetries of patients having major depressive disorder(MDD) and normal controls. Methods : The subjects in this study were 11 unmedicated unipolar depressed patients and 11 non-depressed, age matched controls. Resting EEG(eyes closed and eyes open) was recorded from each participant using 8 scalp electrodes. Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) were used to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. Results : The severities of depression measured by self-report questionnaires were positively associated with those of anxiety(state and trait) ; The subjects were both anxious and depressed. Anxious-depressed patients differed from controls in alpha asymmetry at T4 channels. They showed evidence of greater activation over right than left temporal site. Conclusion : These findings are consistent with the previousely reported alpha asymmetry of depressed patients with an anxiety disorder. The failure to find the evidence of reduced right parietal activity in depression is presumed to be due to opposing effects of comorbid anxiety on parietotemporal activity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2015

Objectives: Among the Korean elderly (those 65 years of age and older), the suicide rate is 80.3/100 000 people, which is ten times higher than the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development average. Because South Korea is rapidly becoming an aging population, this high elderly suicidal rate will only get worse. Although the size of the elderly suicide problem is quite large, previous research in South Korea has surveyed restricted areas and not the entire country. Even though the factors that affect elderly suicide are complicated, there has been little research into these influencing factors. Thus, this research uses the national survey data (Community Health Survey) that was obtained in 2009. Additionally, we analyze factors affecting elderly suicidal ideation and attempts as well as the paths of these effects. Methods: Community Health Survey data obtained by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2009 was used for this study. We additionally examined the factors that affect suicide with chi-squared tests, t-tests, Pearson's correlation test, and path analysis. Results: Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are the only factors that directly affect suicidal attempts. Demographic, behavioral, and physical activity factors have indirect effects on suicidal attempts. Conclusions: Depression has the strongest influence on suicidal ideation and attempts. Demographic, behavioral, and physical activity factors affect suicidal attempts mostly through depressive symptoms. In addition, there is a path that suggests that demographic, behavioral, and physical activity factors affect suicidal attempts not through depression symptoms but only through suicidal ideation. This means that the elderly who do not have depression symptoms attempt suicide according to their own situations and characteristics.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.118-122
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• 1997

저자들은 13년전 심한 산후 출혈 후에 서서히 진행된 성선, 갑상선, 부신피질호르몬결핍증상과 함께 피해망상, 환청과 이에 따른 행동, 심한 불면증, 정신운동의 지체, 사회적 철퇴 등의 증상을 보인 51세 여자환자의 증례를 경험하였다. 환자는 일견 심한 정신병적 우울증의 양상을 보여 정신과에 입원하였으나 자세한 병력 청취 및 임상양상의 관찰로 내과적 질환에 의한 정신증의 가능성이 고려되었고, 호르몬 검사상 범뇌하수체기능 부전소견과 저혈당증 및 저나트륨혈증 등을 나타내 Sheehan시 증후군의 진단이 가능하였다. 갑상선과 부신피질호르몬의 투여 기타 보존적인 치료에 의해 정신과적증상을 포함한 제반 임상증상이 1주이내에 호전되었다. 저자들은 본 증례의 보고를 통해 정신과 환자에 대한 임상적 접근에서 간과되기 쉬운 내재된 내과적 문제의 감별의 중요성을 다시 한 번 강조하고자 한다.