• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of scrambler and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy on pain, functional disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic stroke were assigned randomly to an experimental (n=10) or control (n=10) group. The experimental group performed scrambler therapy. The control group performed electrical nerve stimulation therapy. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week, for three weeks. The pain was measured using the numeric rating scale. Functional disability was measured using the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire. Depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory. Results: As a result of comparison between the groups, the experimental and control groups showed significant difference for pain, functional disability and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group, in which scrambler therapy was applied, showed a more significant reduction in pain, functional disability and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, scrambler therapy shows positive effects on pain, functional disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.89.1-114
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• 1995

This study examined whether specific coping strategies for the university entrance examination stress are related to high school seniors' depression and whether these strategies moderate the relationship between additional life event stress and depression. A sample of 358 high school seniors reported their level of additional life event stress, coping strategies they were using to handle examination stress, and their levels of depression. Problem-focused coping strategies and affective-regulation coping strategies were found to be related to reduction in depression. And, coping with examination stress was found to be related to depression independent of the level of additional life event stress.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2013

Purpose: This study examined the fitness of a path model for the relationship among daily life stress, problem of life, social support, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Methods: The subjects consisted of 247 adolescents. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed by the SPSS and AMOS programs. Results: Daily life stress, problem of life, social support, and depression showed direct effects on suicidal ideation in adolescents, while daily life stress and problem of life showed indirect effects on suicidal ideation in adolescents. Daily life stress and problem of life showed direct effects on social support and depression in adolescents. The hypothetical path model of adolescents' suicidal ideation was proven correct. Conclusion: Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design an intervention program that emphasizes the reduction of daily life stress, problem of life, depression and enhancement social support in order to prevention adolescents' suicidal ideation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

This study of a music therapy program for the 18 subjects residing in Jeollanam-do province was conducted two times per week during 4 months totalling 17 times in order to evaluate the reduction of the characteristics of patients suffering from stress disorder patients such as depression, and anxiety, Though the experiment for non-symmetric level the concentration and appearance of Alpha wave were determine to be stable but the findings from non-symmetric level according to the left-right brain activity were not significant for T-test, though its effective intermission of music therapy due to variation of the mean values was demonstrated, and the variation of the Alpha wave appearance rate was also significant for the statistics of the T-test for the effectiveness of the music therapy. And for the reduction of depression, emotion, and state-trait anxiety between groups divided into the control group and the experiment, pre-measurement and post-measurement comparisons through psychological tess, validated the effectiveness of music therapy for Posttraumatic stress disorder patients. First of all, this study was conducted in the situation of scarce study cases and program developments for the efficacy of music therapy for the patients suffering from Posttraumatic stress disorders without precedent studies of scientific identification through brain wave measurement. Because this study is insightful in the context of validating the efficacy of musical treatment, we expect that these kinds of studises will be continued.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1993

The central nervous system depressant effect of xylazine and xylazine-ketamine was studied in chicken and mice. Intraperitoneal injection of xylazine(1~30 mg/kg) and xylazine(1~30 mg/kg)-ketamine(100 mg/kg) induced a loss of the righting reflex in chicken and mice, respectively. These effects of xylazine were dose-dependent. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The effect of xylazine-induced depression was antagonized by adrenergic antagonists having ${\alpha}_2$-blocking activity(yohimbine, tolazoline, piperoxan and phentolamine). 2. Yohimbine was most effective in the reduction of the CNS depression by xylazine. 3. Phenoxybenzamine and prazosin did not reduced CNS depression by xylazine in both species. 4. Labetalol (${\alpha}_1$, ${\beta}_1$-adrenergic antagonist) and propranolol(${\beta}$-adrenergic blocking agent) were not effective in reducing xylazine induced depression. 5. Cholinergic blocking agents (atropine and mecamylamine), a dopaminergic antagonist (Haloperidol), a histamine $H_1$-antagonist(chlorpheniramine), a histamine $H_2$-antagonist(cimetidine), a serotonergic-histamine $H_1$ antagonist(cyproheptadine) were not effective in reducing xylazine-induced depression. 6. Xylazine-induced depression is mediated by ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptors and appears not to be involved in cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic or histaminergic pathways.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.284-293
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the levels of anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL) among kidney or liver transplant candidates and recipients. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized. The 160 subjects were recruited and assigned to three different conditions: awaiting transplant group; post-transplantation (TPL) group within less than one year of surgery; and post-TPL group with one year and no more than two years post surgery. The levels of anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The level of quality of life was measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 version 2. Results: The anxiety score was significantly higher in the waiting group compared with the 1~2 years post TPL group. The depression score was significantly higher in the waiting group compared with the post TPL groups. The QOL was significantly lower in the waiting group compared with the post TPL groups. Conclusion: Our results show a high prevalence of anxiety and depression and a marked reduction in the QOL in transplant candidates compared to the recipients. This study indicates that the group waiting for transplants may have unmet needs during that time period. Health professionals should be encouraged to attend to the psychological distress of the transplant candidates in order to improve their quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the relationships among self-esteem, depression and academic achievement in nursing college students. Method: The study subjects consisted of 350 nursing college students. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire from September 3rd to 28th 2007. Results: 1) The mean scores self-esteem, depression, and academic achievement were 3.03 (on a 4-point scale), 4.00 (on a 7-point scale), and 87.33 (on a 100-point scores), respectively. 2) There were significant differences and impacts on self-esteem according to the economic state, character, attitude to parents, consideration of aptitude, satisfaction of school life and satisfaction of nursing. Depression differed significantly according to the economic state, residence type and satisfaction of school life. Academic achievement differed depending on the attitude to parents, consideration of aptitude and satisfaction of nursing. There was a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement, but a negative correlation between self-esteem and depression in nursing college students. Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement. Moreover, self-esteem can provide a basis for constructing further studies in intervention programs relating to the curriculum for nursing college students. Based on the above findings, programs are needed for the improvement of self-esteem and the reduction of depression, and further research is suggested on the development of such programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1063-1067
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• 2015

Background: Tumor associated fatigue (TAF) or cancer related fatigue (CRF) is not a new concept. Nonetheless, no real headway has been made in the quantitative analysis of its successful treatment via cognitive behavioral therapy. Since 20 to 30% of all breast cancer patients suffer from anxiety and/or depression within the first year of their diagnosis, this issue needs to be addressed and a standard treatment protocol has to be developed. This study focused on developing a simple, reproducible and short (8 weeks) protocol for the cognitive behavioral therapy support of tumor associated fatigue patients. Materials and Methods: Between the year 2011 and 2012, 23 breast cancer patients fulfilled the diagnosis TAF requirements and were introduced into this study. Our method focused on a psycho-oncological support group using a predetermined, highly structured and reproducible, cognitive behavioral therapy treatment manual. Eight weekly, 90 minute sessions were conducted and patients were evaluated before and after this eight session block. Tumor fatigue specific questionnaires such as the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) as well as the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) were used in order to quantitatively evaluate patient TAF. Results: Of the 23 patients enrolled in the study, only 7 patients fulfilled the TAF diagnostic criteria after the psycho-oncological group treatment. This represents a 70% reduction in diagnosable tumor associated fatigue. The HADS analysis showed a 33% reduction in patient anxiety as well as a 57% reduction in patient depression levels. The MFI scores showed a significant reduction in 4 of the 5 evaluate categories. With the exception of the "mental fatigue" MFI category all results were statistically significant. Conclusions: This study showed that a highly structured, cognitive behavioral therapy group intervention will produce significant improvements in breast cancer patient tumor associated fatigue levels after only 8 weeks.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2024

Background: Migraine is a common disabling headache that affects every aspect of a person's life. Auricular acupuncture is a cost-effective treatment modality for the management of painful neurological conditions. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of a combination of ear points in the management of migraines. However, no studies have evaluated the efficacy of a single auricular point (i.e., sympathetic point) in migraine. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of sympathetic points on pain intensity and depression levels in patients with migraine. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 100 patients with migraine aged 18-45 years were randomly divided into either an auricular acupuncture group (AAG) (n = 50) or a placebo control group (PCG) (n = 50). The AAG underwent needling at the sympathetic point (an auricular acupuncture point), whereas the PCG underwent needling at a non-acupuncture point for 20 minutes daily for 7 days. Assessments were performed before and after the intervention using a 6-item headache impact test (HIT-6) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16. Results: In within-group analysis, the AAG showed a significant reduction in HIT-6 and BDI, whereas the PCG showed a significant increase in HIT-6 and a significant reduction in BDI. In between-groups analyses, HIT-6 reduced significantly in the AAG compared with that in the PCG, whereas BDI reduced significantly in the PCG compared with that in the AAG. Conclusion: In patients with migraine, needling at the sympathetic point produces a greater reduction in the pain intensity level and lesser reduction in the depression level compared to needling at a non-acupuncture point.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 2014

Burning mouth syndrome is characterized by intra-oral burning sensation without any organic abnormalities. This syndrome is associated with various etiological factors such as neuropathy, malnutrition, menopause and depression. Several medications have been tried for the treatment. Those are analgesics, hormones, anticonvulsants and antidepressants. However, optimal effective pharmacologic treatment remains still unknown. The purpose of this case study is to report the clinical effectiveness of gabapentin in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome in postmenopausal women with comorbid depression. We report two menopausal women. Antidepressants were effective for improving depressive symptoms, but it had no effects on intra-oral burning sensation. Gabapentin reduced intra-oral burning sensation effectively for all two patients. One patient reported 55% reduction(a decrease from 9 to 4 on VAS), the other patient reported 35% reduction(from 8 to 5) of the intra-oral burning sensation during 16 weeks. The minimal effective daily dose of gabapentin was 300mg. This study suggests that gabapentin might be a useful, effective therapeutic option for treating burning mouth syndrome in postmenopausal women with comorbid depression. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of gabapentin in patients with burning mouth syndrome.