• 충청수학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.491-508
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• 2019

In this paper, we study the mathematical hyperstructures of ozone(O₃) depletion by Freon gas.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.469-487
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• 2020

In this paper, we investigate the mathematical structures of chemical reactions for stratospheric ozone depletion.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.1881-1895
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• 2020

The theoretical aspects behind the reactor depletion capability of the Monte Carlo code MCS developed at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) and practical results of this depletion feature for a Material-Testing Reactor (MTR) with plate-type fuel are described in this paper. A verification of MCS results is first performed against MCNP6 to confirm the suitability of MCS for the criticality and depletion analysis of the MTR. Then, the dependence of the effective neutron multiplication factor to the number of axial and radial depletion cells adopted in the fuel plates is performed with MCS in order to determine the minimum spatial segmentation of the fuel plates. Monte Carlo depletion results with 37,800 depletion cells are provided by MCS within acceptable calculation time and memory usage. The results show that at least 7 axial meshes per fuel plate are required to reach the same precision as the reference calculation whereas no significant differences are observed when modeling 1 or 10 radial meshes per fuel plate. This study demonstrates that MCS can address the need for Monte Carlo codes capable of providing reference solutions to complex reactor depletion problems with refined meshes for fuel management and research reactor applications.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.396-405
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• 2006

The visual analysis of buried channel (Be) devices such as buried channel MOSFETs and CCDs (Charge Coupled Devices) is investigated to give better understanding and insight for their electrical behaviours using a 3-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation. This paper clearly demonstrates the capability of the numerical simulation of 'EVEREST' for characterising the analysis of a depletion mode MOSFET and BC CCD, which is a simulation software package of the semiconductor device. The inverse threshold and punch-through voltages obtained from the simulations showed an excellent agreement with those from the measurement involving errors of within approximately 1.8% and 6%, respectively, leading to the channel implanted doping profile of only approximately $4{\sim}5%$ error. For simulation of a buried channel CCD an advanced adaptive discretising technique was used to provide more accurate analysis for the potential barrier height between two channels and depletion depth of a deep depletion CCD, thereby reducing the CPU running time and computer storage requirements. The simulated result for the depletion depth also showed good agreement with the measurement. Thus, the results obtained from this simulation can be employed as the input data of a circuit simulator.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2014

Objectives This research was proposed to present Clinical Practice Guideline(CPG) for Soyangin Disease of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM): Yin-Depletion (Mangeum) Symptomatology. The CPG was developed by the national-wide experts committee consisting of SCM professors. Methods The CPG was developed by the national-wide experts committee considering of the society of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. It was performed by search and collection of literature related SCM, opinion of SCM experts and journal search and it was followed by CPG's guideline. Results & Conclusions The CPG of Yin-Depletion (Mangeum) Symptomatology in Soyangin Disease include classification, definition and standard symptoms of each pattern. Yin-Depletion (Mangeum) Symptomatology is classified into severe and critical pattern by severity. The severe pattern of Yin-Depletion (Mangeum) Symptomatology is classified into the pattern of Heat-related diarrhea accompanied by headache (Sinyeol-dutong Mangeum) and the advanced pattern of Heat-related diarrhea accompanied by headache (Sinyeol-dutong Mangeum). The critical pattern of Yin-Depletion (Mangeum) Symptomatology is classified into the pattern of Cold-related diarrhea accompanied by the abdominal pain (Sinhan-bocktong Mangeum) and the advanced pattern of Cold-related diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain (Sinhan-bocktong Mangeum).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.2516-2533
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• 2023

Several practical methods for accelerating the depletion calculation in a GPU-based Monte Carlo (MC) code PRAGMA are presented including the multilevel spectral collapse method and the vectorized Chebyshev rational approximation method (CRAM). Since the generation of microscopic reaction rates for each nuclide needed for the construction of the depletion matrix of the Bateman equation requires either enormous memory access or tremendous physical memory, both of which are quite burdensome on GPUs, a new method called multilevel spectral collapse is proposed which combines two types of spectra to generate microscopic reaction rates: an ultrafine spectrum for an entire fuel pin and coarser spectra for each depletion region. Errors in reaction rates introduced by this method are mitigated by a hybrid usage of direct online reaction rate tallies for several important fissile nuclides. The linear system to appear in the solution process adopting the CRAM is solved by the Gauss-Seidel method which can be easily vectorized on GPUs. With the accelerated depletion methods, only about 10% of MC calculation time is consumed for depletion, so an accurate full core cycle depletion calculation for a commercial power reactor (BEAVRS) can be done in 16 h with 24 consumer-grade GPUs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this research was to investigate the depressive effect of acupuncture on Gangap-point and depletion on Taech'u-point in stroke patients. Methods : We measured the blood pressure of the patients who were admitted in the Oriental Medical hopital of Dongeui medical center from 21. Oct. 2001. to 20. Jan. 2002. 19 stroke patients were devided into two groups. 12 patients were treated by acupunctured on Gangap-point. The other 7 patients were treated by depletion on Taech'u-point. The activity of daily living was measured. If systolic blood pressure was over 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure was over 90 mmHg, acupunctured on Gangap-point and depletion on Taech'u-point were performed. Then 30minutes and 60minutes later, systolic, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rates were measured Results : After 30 minute treatment. both acupuncture on Gnagap-point and depletion on Taech'u-point significantly depressed the systolic blood pressure. After 60 minute treatment. only depletion on Taech'u-point were statistically significant in depressing the systolic blood pressure. Pulse rates were not significantly changed. Conclusion : These results suggest that depletion on Taech'u-point is more effective in depressing the systolic blood pressure than acupuncture on Gnagap-point.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2019

대수층과 하상의 수리특성을 고려하여 유도된 Hunt 해석해에 영상정과 중첩원리를 적용하여 양수 및 중단을 반복하는 주기적 지하수 양수로 인한 하천수 감소량을 산정할 수 있는 해석적 모형을 개발하고, 이를 활용하여 관개기 지하수 양수에 따른 하천수량에 미치는 장기 영향을 분석하였다. 대수층과 하상의 다양한 수리특성값과 하천-관정 이격거리 조합에 따라 총 1,500 가지 조건에 대해 10년 양수시 하천수 감소량을 산정하고 그 결과를 도시적으로 나타내었으며, 특히 양수기간동안 최대 및 평균 하천수 감소율의 거동 특성을 연속적인 양수의 결과와 비교, 분석하였다. 또한, 하천수 감소율과 농업용수 회귀율을 함께 고려하여 하천수량 측면에서 관개기 지하수 양수 영향을 최소화할 수 있는 한계수리조건을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2003

The focus of this study was to identify and describe environmental preconceptions held by pre-service elementary teachers about three issues : greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion and acid rain. Two hundred and twenty nine pre-service elementary teachers participated in this study. A 36 question survey was created by one of the authors. The questions focused on the cause, effects, and interactions of three environmental issues greenhouse effect of one layer depletion and acid rain. Pre-service elementary teachers answered the questions on a Likert scale. An analysis of the survey data indicated that the majority of pre-service elementary teachers possess an array of incorrect conceptions about the causes and effects of the greenhouse effect ozone layer depletion, and acid rain. and also many pre-service elementary teachers thought that there were causal relationships among the increase in greenhouse effect, the destruction of ozone layer, and the increase of acid rain.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2013

In the present study, we investigated the effect of intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion in heart-derived H9c2 cells and its mechanism. L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) induced the depletion of cellular GSH, and BSO-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was inhibited by glutathione monoethyl ester (GME). Additionally, GME inhibited BSO-induced caspase-3 activation, annexin V-positive cells, and annexin V-negative/propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells. Treatment with rottlerin completely blocked BSO-induced cell death and ROS generation. BSO-induced GSH depletion caused a translocation of PKC-${\delta}$ from the cytosol to the membrane fraction, which was inhibited by treatment with GME. From these results, it is suggested that BSO-induced depletion of cellular GSH causes an activation of PKC-${\delta}$ and, subsequently, generation of ROS, thereby inducing H9c2 cell death.