• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2010

This paper proposes a new spatial regularization of Fisher linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to reduce the overfitting due to small size sample (SSS) problem in face recognition. Many regularized LDAs have been proposed to alleviate the overfitting by regularizing an estimate of the within-class scatter matrix. Spatial regularization methods have been suggested that make the discriminant vectors spatially smooth, leading to mitigation of the overfitting. As a generalized version of the spatially regularized LDA, the proposed regularized LDA utilizes the non-uniformity of spatial correlation structures in face images in adding a spatial smoothness constraint into an LDA framework. The region-dependent spatial regularization is advantageous for capturing the non-flat spatial correlation structure within face image as well as obtaining a spatially smooth projection of LDA. Experimental results on public face databases such as ORL and CMU PIE show that the proposed regularized LDA performs well especially when the number of training images per individual is quite small, compared with other regularized LDAs.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.236-243
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• 2020

In this study, an accelerated aging experiment for fabric and paper was conducted using two light emitting diode(LED) sources with different wavelength characteristics, and the discoloration under each lighting type was examined. Hanji(Korean traditional paper) and related textiles showed more discoloration under blue LEDs, while the blue wool standard showed more discoloration under white LEDs. This, indicated that the deterioration varied depending on the sample color. The the effect of the light source on artifact deterioration was primarily related to the total radiation flux(expressed in mill watts), rather than the total luminous flux(expressed in lumens). In addition, the discoloration of the investigated artifacts was dependent on the color rendering of the lighting.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.18-32
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the learning outcomes of immersive learning technologies in English language teaching (ELT). This study examined 12 articles, yielding a total of 20 effect sizes. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) program was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that the overall effect size was 0.84, implying a large effect size. Additionally, the mean effect sizes of the dependent variables revealed a large effect size for both the cognitive and affective domains. Furthermore, the study analyzed the impact of moderator variables such as sample scale, technology type, tool type, work type, program type, duration (sessions), the degree of immersion, instructional technique, and augmented reality (AR) type. Among the moderators, the degree of immersion was found to be statistically significant. In conclusion, the study results suggested that immersive learning technologies had a positive impact on learning in ELT.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to investigate the impacts of shopping value, customer satisfaction, and switching barrier on consumer loyalty to website. For this purpose, the study tested covariance structural model which set relationships among independent variable(shopping value), meditated variables(customer satisfaction and switching barrier), and dependent variable(website loyalty). The data were collected from a sample of 239 internet shopper of college female students. The covariance structural model and research hypothesis analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 and AMOS 5.0 program. The results are as follows: First, the structural model is accepted significantly. Second, shopping value had a positive influence on customer satisfaction and switching barrier. Third, shopping value, shopping satisfaction of customer, and switching barrier had a positive impact on website loyalty. Forth, shopping value had a positive impact on website loyalty directly, it was found to have a indirect effect on website loyalty through customer satisfaction and switching barrier.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 1996

In this paper, the voltage dependence of the dynamic characteristics in a STN LCD is investigated. From the measurement of the switching times for four STN LC cells under various applied voltages, it was found that the analytical equation for the switching times has a fixed proportional constant irrespective of sample parameters. We also investigated the dependence of the switching times on the bias voltage. Our theoretical results were in good agreement with above experimental results.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.51-65
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• 2013

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to compare influencing factors on depression between male and female students at the high school. Methods: The self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 403 high school students. The data analysis procedure included frequency, ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using depression as the dependent variable. Results: There was a significant gender difference in depressive symptoms; the mean depression score of female students was higher than that of male students. Stepwise multiple regression analysis for depression revealed that the most powerful predictors (34%) were powerlessness and self-esteem for male students. On the other hand, the factors such as self-esteem, mother's occupation, and family fucntion were the most significant predictors (50%) for female students. Conclusion: The necessity of an intervention considering gender difference in high school students so as to prevent the occurrence of depression was suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.115-127
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• 1998

The purpose of this study intended to fully understand from the point of view of the elderly parent's satisfaction in the living to adult children. The subject of this study was elderly parent's over 55 years old whom live in Iksan. The sample was composed of 146 cases. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistic program. The major findings were as follows : 1) The effective indicator was related economic parts ; earns, the cost of living, educational background, sex, affection. 2) The affection related between elderly parent's and adult children was found to be high and the conflict between them was found to be low. 3) The economic interchange between elderly parent's and their adult children was influenced by religion, cohabitance with adult children. The effective indicator was conflict and dependent emotions. The serviced interchanges was influenced by spouse, sex, earns.

• 전기의세계
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.375-385
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• 1981

New algorithms are derived for nonlinear programming problems which are characterized by their large variables and equality and inequality constraints. The algorithms are based upon the introduction of the Dependent-Variable-Elimination method, Independent-Variable-Reduction method, Optimally-Ordered-Triangular-Factorization method, Equality-Inequality-Sequential-Satisfaction method, etc. For a case study problem relating to the optimal determination of load flow in a 10-bus, 13-line sample power system, several approaches are undertaken, such as SUMT, Lagrange's Multiplier method, sequential applications of linear and quadratic programming method. For applying the linear programming method, the conventional simplex algorithm is modified to the large-system-oriented one by the introduction of the Two-Phase method and Variable-Upper-Bounding method, thus resulting in remarkable savings in memory requirements and computing time. The case study shows the validity and effectivity of the algorithms presented herein.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.431-436
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• 2004

Cross-linked network solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by means of in situ hydrosilylation between poly[hydromethylslioxane-g-oligo(ethylene oxide)] and diallyl or triallyl group-containing poly(ethylene glycols). The conductivities of the resulting polymer electrolytes were greatly enhanced upon the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME) as an ion-conducting plasticizer. Conductivities of the cross-linked polymer electrolytes were more dependent on the molecular weight of PEGDME than on the cross-linkers. The maximum conductivity was found to be 5.6${\times}$10$\^$-4/ S/cm at 30$^{\circ}C$ for the sample containing 75 wt% of PEGDME (M$\_$n/ =400). These electrolytes exhibited electrochemical stability up to 4.5 V against the lithium reference electrode. We observed reversible electrochemical plating/stripping of lithium on the nickel electrode.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2017

Concentrations of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate were measured by performing radioimmunoassay of the cerebrospinal fluid of 68 dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy or inflammatory, degenerative, or non-neurological disease. No steroid concentration differences were found among diagnoses. Dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate concentrations were higher in males than in females and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate decreased with increasing age. No sex or age effects were observed on cortisol or hormone ratios. Although limited to a relatively small sample, our results show sex- and age-dependent variations in these neurosteroid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. The role of such variations in the pathophysiology of the dog brain warrants further investigation.