• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1627-1627
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• 2001

In this study, a newly constructed optical measurement system, whose main components were a parametric tunable laser and a near infrared photoelectric multiplier, was applied to detection of the information for the inside of Satsuma mandarin using time-of-flight near infrared spectroscopy (TOF-NIRS). The combined effects on the time resolved profile of sample diameter, sugar content, the wavelength of the laser beam, and the detection position of transmitted light were investigated in detail. The samples used were Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshu $M^{ARC}$.) (location: Wakayama, Japan) having the diameters of 50-84 mm. The sugar content measured by a refractometer varied from 9.9 to 16.3 Brix%. Equator of sample was irradiated vertically with the pulsed laser, and transmitted output power was measured on the restricted position of the equator using the optical fiber cable. The sampling time and the number of averaging the output power were 100 ns and 100 times, respectively. The variation of the attenuance of peak maxima At, the time delay of peak maxima t and the variation of full width at half maximum w were strongly dependent on the detection position and the wavelength of the laser beam. At, t and w increased gradually as the sample diameter increased to be much absorbed and vigorously scattered. On the other hand, each optical parameter had a tendency to increase as the sugar content increased. Such behavior was remarkable when the transmitted light was detected at the side face of a sample. When we apply TOF-NIRS to detection of the information for the inside of fruit with high moisture content like Satsuma mandarin, it is very important to give attention to the difference in the scattered light within tissues and the semi-straightly propagated light. Furthermore, we tried to express the resulting phenomena by using a model samples composed of water, sucrose, and milk. The variation of the time resolved profile is strongly governed by the combination of the light absorption component, scattering medium, and refractive index.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1626-1626
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• 2001

In this study, a newly constructed optical measurement system, whose main components were a parametric tunable laser and a near infrared photoelectric multiplier, was applied to detection of the information for the inside of Satsuma mandarin using time-of-flight near infrared spectroscopy (TOF-NIRS). The combined effects on the time resolved profile of sample diameter, sugar content, the wavelength of the laser beam, and the detection position of transmitted light were investigated in detail. The samples used were Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshu $M_{ARC}$.) (location: Wakayama, Japan) having the diameters of 50-84 mm. The sugar content measured by a refractometer varied from 9.9 to 16.3 Brix%. Equator of sample was irradiated vertically with the pulsed laser, and transmitted output power was measured on the restricted position of the equator using the optical fiber cable. The sampling time and the number of averaging the output power were 100 ns and 100 times, respectively. The variation of the attenuance of peak maxima At, the time delay of peak maxima $\Delta$t and the variation of full width at half maximum Δw were strongly dependent on the detection position and the wavelength of the laser beam. At, $\Delta$t and $\Delta$w increased gradually as the sample diameter increased to be much absorbed and vigorously scattered. On the other hand, each optical parameter had a tendency to increase as the sugar content increased. Such behavior was remarkable when the transmitted light was detected at the side face of a sample. When we apply TOF-NIRS to detection of the information for the inside of fruit with high moisture content like Satsuma mandarin, it is very important to give attention to the difference in the scattered light within tissues and the semi-straightly propagated light. Furthermore, we tried to express the resulting phenomena by using a model samples composed of water, sucrose, and milk. The variation of the time resolved profile is strongly governed by the combination of the light absorption component, scattering medium, and refractive index.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2013

This Study was designed to investigate the effects of Sibjeondaebo-tang (SDT) and Gamy-Sibjeondaebo-tang (GST, Sibjeondaebo-tang adding Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu) on the improvement in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and in the rats with cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, and further to determine the mechanisms. And, It was to investigate the effects of the SDT and GST with the change of histologic examination through the BDNF in the hippocampus CA1. In changes of cerebral hemodynamics, SDT and GST significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner but decreased MABP in normal rats. In mechanism of cerebral hemodynamics, Increase of GST-induced rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and Decrease of GST-induced MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with methylene. These results suggested that the action of GST was mediated by guantlate cyclase pathway. In cerebral ischemics, the rCBF was stably improved by SDT (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly and stably increased by GST (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrast with the findings of rapid and marked increase in Control group. These results suggested that GST had anti-ischemic action in cerebral ischemic state. In histological examination through TTC stain, Sample A group and Sample B group decreased discoloration in the cortical part at $28^{th}$ day after MCAO induction. In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF, Sample A group and Sample B group increased respondent effect at $28^{th}$ day after MCAO induction. These results suggest that GST can Increase rCBF in normal state, as well as improve the stability of rCBF in cerebral ischemic state. Furthermore, methylene blue inhibitor study suggested the mechanism of blood flow enhancement by GST may be mediated by guanylate cyclase pathway.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2010

The milling effects of a precursor $Y_2BaCuO_5$ (Y211) powder having 1 wt.% $CeO_2$ on the microstructure and critical current density ($J_c$) of liquid infiltration growth (LIG) processed $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ (Y-123) bulk superconductors were investigated. The microstructure analysis revealed that the Y211 size in the final Y-123 products decreased with increasing the milling time and a relatively high density and uniform distribution of Y211 inclusions were observed in the sample prepared using 8 h milled powder. However, the unexpected Y211 particles coarsening was observed from the 4 h milled sample which was further increased for 10 h milled sample. Critical current density ($J_c$) of the LIG processed Y-123 bulk superconductors was found to be dependent on the milling time of the Y211 precursor powder. The $J_c$ increased with the increase of milling time and reached up to a maximum at 8 h in the self field while 10 h milled sample showed lower $J_c$ at the same field which might be due to the exaggerated growth and non-uniform distribution of Y211 particles.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2011

Static Headspace Gas Chromatographic analysis was used to study the partitioning behavior of five organic printing ink solvents between chocolate cookie/air systems. Three cookie sample formulations varied with respect to chocolate type and overall percentage of constituents. Major considerations involved differences in fat content and type and resulting variability in chemical and physical structure. Each of the solvents studied (ethyl acetate, hexane, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene) represents a general class of printing ink solvents based on predominate functional group. Values of the partitioning coefficient (Kp) were determined at equilibrium using measured quantities of both solvent and cookie sample in closed systems at temperature of 25, 35, and $45^{\circ}C$. In each of the three cookies at the three test temperatures, toluene always exhibited the greatest value of partitioning to cookie and hexane always exhibited the least. Results also showed that the partitioning behavior of solvents is generally inversely related to temperature and that solvent affinity, though constant for a particular cookie type over all test temperatures, varies significantly among the three cookie types. The preference of each of the five solvents for each cookie sample was also found to vary with temperature. No correlation was found between the extent of partitioning and cookie formulation or physical characteristic of solvent. The Hildebrand parameter, related to ${\Delta}Hmix$ (heat of mixing), may be used to describe differences in partitioning based on the overall potential of a solvent/cookie interaction to occur. The potential for interaction is dependent upon the chemical structure of the cookie sample and thus the availability of 'active-sites' required for a given solvent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2021

Using the Caenorhabditis elegans model system, the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of the guzeunggupoprocessed Liriope platyphylla F. T. Wang (Liliaceae) tuber was calculated. Between the methanol extracts of guzeunggupo-processed and non-processed L. platyphylla tuber, the processed L. platyphylla tuber showed higher DPPH radical scavenging effect than the non-processed one. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract of the guzeunggupo-processed L. platyphylla tuber showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample was measured for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species level. In addition, to verify the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain (CF1553). Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2020

Through Caenorhabditis elegans model system, the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of the guzeunggupo-processed Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle (Campanulaceae) roots was calculated. Between the methanol extracts of guzeunggupo-processed and non-processed P. grandiflorum roots, the processed P. grandiflorum root showed higher DPPH radical scavenging effect than the non-processed one. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract of the guzeunggupo-processed P. grandiflorum showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample was measured for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species level. In addition, to confirm the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain (CF1553). Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.497-507
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• 2023

This study measured the effect 3D printing products comprised of different materials and shapes on heat transfer in clothing to derive fundamental data on thermal comfort among clothing comfort. The variables were three types of material (EVA foam, TPU-10%, TPU-10%+EVA), two types of shape (without holes, with holes), and two types of covers(without cover, with cover). All samples (12 types) prepared by combining these variables were placed on the hot plate set at 36℃, and the surface temperature was measured at three points for 10 minutes. The surface temperature change was dependent on the material, shape, and cover of the sample. The sample printed with TPU exhibited higher temperature transfer compared to the EVA foam sample after 10 mins. In addition, the temperature transfer was better when there were holes, and rate decreased when the sample was covered with fabric. We confirmed that material selection of the pad and thermal conductivity of the cover are extremely important in solving thermal stress to the human body caused by functional clothing with protectors. Additionally, as the protector, it is recommended to design the outer shell with a passage, such as a hole, to allow the rapid transfer of heat to the external environment.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2000

The color space transformation to link device-dependent color spaces and device-independent color spaces is essential for device characterization and cross-media color reproduction. There are various color conversion methods such as regression, 3D interpolation with LUT(look-up table), and neural network. In the color transformation with these methods, the conversion accuracy is essentially based on the sample data to be exploited for device characterization. In conventional method, color samples are uniformly selected in device-dependent space such as CMY and RGB. However, distribution of these color samples is very non-uniform in device-independent color space such as CIEL*a*b*. Accordingly, the conversion error in device-independent color space is irregular according to the distribution of the samples. In this paper, a color sampling method based on equi-visual perception is proposed to obtain approximate uniform color samples in CIEL*a*b* space. In order to evaluate transformation accuracy of proposed method, color space transformations are simulated using regression, 3D interpolation with LUT and neural network techniques, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 1995

This study was conducted to evaluate changes in nutritional knowledge, attitudes, behavior intention and behavior in a sample of 27 insulin dependent diabetic students participating in diabetics' camp. Nutritional knowledge related to diabetes, attitudes toward diabetes treatment and behavior intention about dietary changes were tested before and after nutrition education. Six months after nutrition education, an open ended questionnaire about their actual behavior changes was mailed to all participants and 17 of them responded. Pre-and post-testing showed that nutrition education was effective in significant changes in knowledge and in promoting positive attitudes and behavior intention. Increases of knowledge were consistently the same regardless of sex, level of education, regularity of diet, and duration of disease. Compared to male students, female students showed more positive change in knowledge, attitudes and behavior intention. It also appeared that middle school students showed more positive improvement in knowledge, attitudes and behavior than elementary and high school students. A follow-up test showed that their actual behavior changes were not squared with their behavior intention. They pointed out difficulties in having proper amount of meals and snack and the conflict with school time schedule as the major reason for discordance. These findings suggest that nutrition education for diabetics can be effective to improve their knowledge, attitudes and behavior intention and understanding about barriers to behavior change is important for better compliance to the disease.