• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.552-559
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• 2008

Recent days, various inner wears, sheets and interior goods are manufactured using materials dyed with loess emphasizing its improved blood circulation, metabolism, anti-bacterial, deodorizing properties, and far-infrared ray emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabric using loess as colorants. Particle size of loess, the morphology and dyeability(K/S) of chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics, and washing durability of loess dyed cotton fabric were investigated. In this study, cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent, epichlorohydrin, in the presence of chitosan to improve the dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with natural dye by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. This process was applied by means of the conventional mercerizing process. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of loess was $1.13{\mu}m$. According to various conditions, the optimum dyeing conditions for cotton fabrics pretreated by 1% chitosan treatment was where 10%(owb) of loess was applied at $90^{\circ}C$ for 120minutes, while for cotton fabrics without chitosan treatment was where 15%(owb) of loess was applied at $90^{\circ}C$ for 150minutes. Overall, K/S value of loess dyed cotton fabric pretreated with 1% chitosan was higher than that of cotton fabrics without chitosan treatment. The Color fastness, washing fastness and light fastness of loess were excellent as 4-5grade.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2018

In this study, the properties of polypropylene(PP) non-woven fabric spun under various conditions by the Melt-blown method were verified, and the deodorant content and deodorization of PP non-woven fabric after deodorant-treatment were investigated. PP non-woven fabrics are manufactured by varying the temperature of spin beam, hot air temperature and amount, the RPM of collector R/O and the distance between collector and spinneret, which affects the structure of the non-woven fabric. After that, the structural characteristics and air permeability of the non-woven fabric were measured. The experimental results show that the amount of air, the distance between the collector and the spinneret significantly affect the structural characteristics and air permeability of the PP non-woven fabric. And, regardless of the weight of the PP non-woven fabric, the deodorizing effect of UiO-66 MOF deodorant add-on ratio and content was higher.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2018

The one-way gas valve developed in this study was designed to prevent the breakage of packages from increased internal pressure, which is a problem in packaged Kimchi, and simultaneously reduce the outflow of the offodor release. The effect of the one-way gas valve on the headspace atmospheric compositions was investigated in the packaging system. The changes of atmospheric compositions and quality factors of Kimchi, such as $CO_2$ accumulation, pH, titratable acidity, and salinity, were measured during a 4-week storage period at $4^{\circ}C$. The Kimchi package with the one-way gas valve dramatically reduced pressure build-up in the pouch by allowing the controlled flow of gas to the atmosphere. In addition, the package design allows the possibility of controlling the gas generated from Kimchi by adjusting the viscosity of the open pressure control oil. The one-way gas valve did not affect the sensory characteristics of Kimchi products during the storage period. Furthermore, the deodorizing capability of the activated carbon contained in the one-way gas valve effectively reduced the off-odor of Kimchi products released along with carbon dioxide. The novel one-way gas valve is considered to be an active packaging system that can solve major problems of expansion and off-odor leakage in the packaging of Kimchi.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.206-215
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• 2022

Background: Fragrance substances in consumer products can cause adverse health effects such as contact allergy. In South Korea, consumer chemical products must list 26 known fragrance allergens on product labels when they contain more than 0.01%. Fragrance substances are mostly used in combination, so co-exposure can occur via use of a consumer chemical product. Co-exposure to fragrance allergens may show a synergistic effect on the human body. Objectives: The aims of the study were to analyze the characteristics of fragrance allergens in consumer chemical products available on public websites and to identify the co-occurrence patterns of fragrance allergens. Methods: The chemicals in 1,443 ingredient disclosures for consumer chemical products were collected through the Ecolife database. The 26 labelled fragrance allergens were identified by category of consumer chemical product. The co-occurrence patterns of the 26 labelled fragrance allergens were analyzed by frequent pattern mining. The unlabelled fragrance allergens presented by European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety were also identified. Results: Consumer chemical products contained an average of 5.3±4.2 substances among the 26 labelled fragrance allergens. More than 85% of air fresheners, deodorizing agents, and fabric softeners contained at least one of the 26 labelled fragrance allergens. The most frequently contained fragrance allergens were limonene (50.5%), linalool (49.9%), hexyl cinnamal (34.0%), and citronellol (28.3%). 16.7% of consumer chemical products showed a co-occurrence of limonene, linalool, hexyl cinnamal, and citronellol. Thirty-eight unlabelled fragrance allergens were found in the consumer chemical products, with hexamethylindanopyran (25.2%) being the most frequently contained substance. Conclusions: The characteristics and co-occurrence patterns of 26 labelled fragrance allergens would be useful information for the management of co-exposure to fragrance allergens in consumer chemical products. It is necessary for attention to be paid to unlabelled fragrance allergens.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2010

Phytoncide, essential oil of trees, has microbicidal, insecticidal, acaricidal, and deodorizing effect. The present study was performed to examine the effect of phytoncide on Candida albicans, which is a commensal colonizer of the mucous membranes but has become an opportunistic pathogen. C. albicans was incubated with or without phytoncide extracted from Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.; Japanese cypress) and then changes were observed in its optical density, cell viability and morphology. As concentrations of phytoncide added to the culture medium increased, optical density and cell viability of C. albicans decreased. Minimum inhibitory concentration of phytoncide for C. albicans was observed to be 0.25%, and minimum fungicidal concentration was 0.5%. Numbers of morphologically atypical cells with electron-dense cytoplasm and granules and increased with increasing concentration of the phytoncide. At higher concentrations of phytoncide, compartments and organelles in the cytoplasm became indistinguishable. The overall results indicate that the phytoncide used for this study has a strong antimicrobial activity against C. albicans. Therefore, the phytoncide may be used as a candidate for prevention and therapeutic agent against oral candidiasis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.174-177
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• 1993

Ultara violet ray air cleaner to use as the sterilization and deodorization device in refrigerator was designed and made of UV lamp and carbon block as the main components. The intensity of the lamp was $2.38\;mW/cm^2$ and reflector was installed to increase the radation. After running the device for 12 hours, 80% of the population of airborn bacteria was sterilized both at 48 and 480 liter refrigerator chambers. Ozone production caused by UV-ray reached 0.082 ppm at holding section within a few second when the device was operated at $25^{\circ}C$ and it showed 0.06 pm at $3^{\circ}C$. Deodorization effect was 2.5 times greater than that of a device made of electrical are principle at $25^{\circ}C$. New device 2 times more effectivly decreased trimethylamine and methyl mercaptan content applied as odor indicator substance in chamber at $3^{\circ}C$ than electrical arc type.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2007

Trees emit phytoncide into atmosphere to protect them from predation. Phytoncide from different trees has its own unique fragrance that is referred to as forest bath. Phytoncide, which is essential oil of trees, has microbicidal, insecticidal, acaricidal, and deodorizing effect. The present study was performed to examine the effect of phytoncide on Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is one of the most important causative agents of periodontitis and halitosis. P. gingivalis 2561 was incubated with or without phytoncide extracted from Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.; Japanese cypress) and then changes were observed in its cell viability, antibiotic sensitivity, morphology, and biochemical/molecular biological pattern. The results were as follows: 1. The phytoncide appeared to have a strong antibacterial effect on P. gingivalis. MIC of phytoncide for the bacterium was determined to be 0.008%. The antibacterial effect was attributed to bactericidal activity against P. gingivalis. It almost completely suppressed the bacterial cell viability (>99.9%) at the concentration of 0.01%, which is the MBC for the bacterium. 2. The phytoncide failed to enhance the bacterial susceptibility to ampicillin, cefotaxime, penicillin, and tetracycline but did increase the susceptibility to amoxicillin. 3. Numbers of electron dense granules, ghost cell, and vesicles increased with increasing concentration of the phytoncide, 4. RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of superoxide dismutase was increased in the bacterium incubated with the phytoncide. 5. No distinct difference in protein profile between the bacterium incubated with or without the phytoncide was observed as determined by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot. Overall results suggest that the phytoncide is a strong antibacterial agent that has a bactericidal action against P. gingivalis. The phytoncide does not seem to affect much the profile of the major outer membrane proteins but interferes with antioxidant activity of the bacterium. Along with this, yet unknown mechanism may cause changes in cell morphology and eventually cell death.