• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the bonding durability of self-etching dentin bonding agents to dentin by means of shear bonding strength. Several acid-etching dentin bonding system (ESPE Z100) and self-etching dentin bonding systems (DEN-FIL, GRADIA DIRET) were used. The occlusion surface of human molars were ground flat to expose dentin and treated with the etch bonding system according to manufactures instruction and followed by composite resin application. After 24hours of storage at 37$^{\circ}C$, the shear bonding strength of the specimens was measured in a universal testing machine with a 1mm/min crosshead speed. An one-way analysis of variance and the scheffe test were performed to identify significant differences (p<0.05). The bonded interfacial surfaces and treated dentin surfaces were examined using a SEM. Through the analysis of shear bond strength data and micro-structures of dentin-resin interfaces, following results are obtained. In dentin group, the shear bond strength of DEN-FIL showed statistical superiority in comparison to the other groups and followed by ESPE Z100 and GRADIA DIRECT (p<0.05).

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.780-788
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• 2016

Dentin bonding systems are unique dental materials which are rapidly evolute and essential materials for bonding of restorative materials to dentin. Now, 4th generation, 5th generation, 6th generation and 7th generation of dentin bonding systems are used in clinic. We investigated the frequency, motivation of choosing dentin bonding systems and satisfaction of them by survey in 2014. 5th generation of dentin bonding systems are mostly used in Korea and young dentist have tendency to choose newly developed dentin bonding systems.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.569-584
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of benzalkonium chloride on tensile bond strength of BPDM/HEMA dentin bonding. One hundred sixty dentin specimens from freshly extracted bovine mandibular incisors were used, and 0, 0.02, 0.1 or 0.5% benzalkonium chloride solution was applied to the dentin specimen with/after phosphoric acid. 32% phosphoric acid was used when the specimens were bonded with One-Step$^{TM}$, a BPDM/HEMA system and 10% was used when bonded with All-Bond$^{(R)}$ 2, a NTG-GMA/BPDM system. Aelitefil$^{TM}$ composite resin was bonded to the pretreated dentin specimen with the use of All-Bond$^{(R)}$ 2 or One-Step$^{TM}$ dentin bonding agent. After the bonded specimens were stored in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours, tensile bond strength was measured. The fractured dentin specimens were examined under the scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows : Benzalkonium chloride application after acid-treatment resulted in decrease of dentin bond strength of One-Step$^{TM}$, a BPDM/HEMA system (p>0.05). Benzalkonium chloride application did not exert any influence on dentin bond strength of All-Bond$^{(R)}$ 2, a NTG-GMA/BPDM system (p>0.05). There was no relationship between the concentration or application method of benzalkonium chloride and the dentin bond strength of One-Step$^{TM}$ or All-Bon$^{(R)}$ 2 (p<0.05). On SEM examination of the fractured dentin-resin interface, while mixed failure was prominent in dentin bonding with One-Step$^{TM}$, adhesive and mixed failures were seen together in dentin bonding with All-Bond$^{(R)}$ 2 regardless of the concentration and application method of benzalkonium chloride.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2005

소아환자의 수복치료에서 시술시간과 시술과정을 줄이는 것은 중요한 점이다. 복합레진은 물성의 증가로 영구치, 유치 전치부 심미수복재로써 뿐만 아니라 구치부 수복에도 많이 쓰이고 있다. 최근에 개발된 7세대 상아질 결합제는 기존의 복합레진을 치면에 부착하기 위해 필요했던 산부식, 프라이밍, 접착제 도포의 복잡한 과정을 한번의 처리로 단순화하였다. 본 연구에서는 유치 상아질에서 7세대 상아질 결합제의 결합력을 기존에 사용되고 있는 여러 결합제의 결합력과 비교하였다. 1, 2, 3, 4군은 각각 4, 5, 6, 7세대 상아질 결합제를 사용하였다. 유치 상아질을 노출시키고 군에 따라 상아질 면을 처리한 후에 직경 2.5mm, 높이 2.0mm의 주형을 이용하여 복합레진을 접착시키고 열순환을 시행한 다음 전단결합강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 5세대 상아질 결합제인 Clearfil SE Bond가 가장 높은 전단결합강도인 $27.87{\pm}5.33\;MPa$를 보였다. 이것은 4, 6, 7세대와 비교했을 때 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 2. 4세대 상아질 결합제의 전단결합강토는 $20.11{\pm}5.73\;MPa$로 6, 7세대보다는 약간 높게 나타났지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 3. 6, 7세대 상아질 결합제의 전단결합강도는 유사하게 나타났다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1999

Newley developed dentin bonding system which contains self-etching primer performed the removing of smear layer and etching procedure at once. So, it make possible more simple and shorter working time, the stronger bonding strength than conventional dentin bonding system. Cavities were prepared in the buccal and lingual surface of 30 extracted primary molars, and randomly assigned into three equal groups of 10 each. All cavities were filled with Z-100 composite resin following manufacturer's specifications after priming of three different dentin bonding system. Specimens stored for 7 days in 37 degree C water, thermocycled for 1000 cycles between 5 degree C and 55 degree C, immersed in 50% silvernitrate solution for 24 hours, and embedded in resin before being sectioned longitudinally. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Mac-Bond II and Clearfil Linear-Bond II showed less microleakage at the occlusal and gingival margins compared to Scotchbond Multi Purpose. All dentin bonding systems showed significantly less microleakage at the occlusal margins compared to the gingival margins. But, there were no significantley difference between each group.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to observe the tensile strength of composite resins to etched dentin surface with the various methods of placing bonding agent before composite resin or placing composite resin alone. Recently extracted 60 maxillary incisors were chosen. These were divided into 6 groups: Group I : Immediate Silar adaptation to the etched dentin surface with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds without bonding agent. Group II : Immediate Silar adaptation to the etched dentin surface with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds with bonding agent. Group III : Silar adaptation to the etched dentin surface with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds after 5 minutes of bonding agent. Group IV : Immediate Enamelite adaptation to the etched dentin surfaces with 50% phosphoric acid for 120 seconds without bonding agent. Group V : Immediate Enamelite adaptation to the etched dentin surface with 50% phosphoric acid for 120 second s with bonding again. Group VI : Enamelite adaptation to the etched dentin surface with 50% phosphoric acid for 120 seconds after 5 minutes of bonding agent. All specimens were immersed in water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours before testing. The results were as follows: 1. The tensile strength of powder/liquid composite resin system was higher than that of pastel paste composite resin system. 2. The tensile strength of the composite resin group II, III, V, & VI with bonding agent was higher than that of the composite resin group I & IV without bonding agent. 3. The tensile strength of the composite resin group III & VI after 5 minutes added to bonding agent was higher than that of the composite resin group II & V immediately added to bonding agent.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.867-886
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shearbond strength and resin-dentin interface of three different dentinal bonding systems in primary and permanent teeth. Thirty extracted human primary molars and premolars, which were non-carious and free of obvious defect, were selected for this study. All specimens were divided into six groups with two groups allocated for each of the three dentinal bonding system(All-bond 2, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, Gluma bonding system). After completion of bonding composite to dentin using each tested dentin bonding system, bond strength measurement and histological observation were performed. The results are as follows: 1. All-bond 2 and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, A good quality hybrid layer was identified, the morphology of which could be equated with the zone of H-E and Brown-Brenn staining. In Gluma bonding system, hybrid layer was very thin, and separated from the solid polymer. 2. All-bond 2 had the highest mean shearbond strength, followed by Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and Gluma bonding system in both primary and permanent teeth. There was no statistically significant difference between All-bond 2 and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. Statistically significant difference could be found between Gluma bonding system and the other two groups(p<0.05). 3. The fracture patterns observed were mainly the mixture of adhesive failure and dentin dettachment pattern in All-bond 2 and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose while adhesive failure prevailed in Gluma bonding system.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.699-720
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• 1995

본 연구는 양이온 계면활성효과를 가져 소독제로 사용되고 있는 benzalkonium chloride 수용액을 상아질 표면에 대한 습윤용 처리제로 적용시킬 경우 상아질접착제의 접착성능에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위해 시행되었다. 소의 하악전치 80개를 8개군으로 분류하여 순면의 상아질을 노출시켜서 산처리한 후 물로 습윤 상태를 유지시킨 대조군과 0.1%, 0.5% 및 1% 농도의 benzalkonium chloride 수용액으로 습윤시킨 실험군으로 나누어 NTG-GMA/BPDM계 상아질접착제인 All-bond 2와 DSDM 계 상아질접착제인 Aelitebond를 각각 접착시킨 후 접착시험을 시행하였다. 상아질 표면을 10% 인산수용액으로 처리한 후 습윤과정을 거친 시편을 각 접착시스템의 primer와 bonding resin을 도포하고 Aelitefil 복합레진으로 접 착시 킨후 항온조에서 24시간 방치한 뒤 인장접착강도를 측정하고, 상아질표면 및 파단면의 양상을 주사전자 현미경으로 관찰하였으며 FT-IR을 사용하여 전처리 전후의 상아질 표면을 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. NTG-GMA/BPDM 계 상아질접착제 (All-bond 2)로 접착시킨 경우 물로 습윤시킨 대조군에 비해 0.1 % benzalkonium chloride 수용액으로 습윤시킨 군에서 유의하게 높은 인장접착강도를 보였으나(p<0.05), 0.5% 및 1.0 % benzalkonium chloride 수용액으로 습윤시킨 군에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 2. DSDM계 상아질접착제 (Aelitebond) 로 접착시킨 경우 물로 습윤시킨 대조군과 0.1 %, 0.5% 및 1.0 % benzalkonium chloride 수용액으로 습융시킨 군 간의 인장접착강도의 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 3. Benzalkonium chloride 수용액의 적용과 관계 없이 전체적으로 NTG-GMA/ BPDM계 상아질접착제로 접착시킨 경우가 DSDM계 상아질접착제로 접착시킨 경우보다 인장접착강도가 높았으며, 파단양상의 관찰결과에서도 NTG-GMA /BPDM계 상아질접착제를 사용한 경우는 응집성 및 혼합성 파단양상이, DSDM 계 상아질접착제를 사용한 경우는 부착성 파단양상이 우세하였다. 4. 주사전자 현미경적 관찰상에서 benzalkonium chloride 수용액 적용 유무에 따른 각 상아질 표면의 primer 도포양상의 뚜렷한 차이는 관찰되지 않았으나, 상아질 표면에 대한 benzalkonium chloride 수용액 적용 전후의 FT-IR 분석결과 에서는 0.1 % benzalkonium chloride 수용액으로 습윤 처리 시킨 군이 대조군에 비해 NTG-GMA/ BPDM 및 DSDM primer의 도포효과를 다소 향상시킨 소견이었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.180-192
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• 2000

One bottle system was recently developed in order to simplify the clinical skills and save chair time after continuous improvements on dentin bonding agents. There has been many studies to measure the bond strength of one bottle systems but no actual work has been done on micromorphologic study of resin-dentin interdiffusion zone after one bottle system application. To evaluate the bonding patterns of various commercially available one bottle systems to dentin, observation of resin-dentin interdiffusion zone under TEM was performed. Caries-free human third molars within one month of extractions were chosen for the experiments. The molars were sectioned 1mm above the cementoenamel junction and got rid of the root portions. Crown portions of the teeth were sectioned parallel to occlusal surface so that dentin discs of 1mm in thickness were remained. 7 one bottle systems and 1 two bottle system were applied according to manufacturer's instructions and followings were the results. 1. In every experimental groups, cross bandings of collagen fiber were distinguishable and tight bon dings between the bonding agents and dentin were observed. 2. Hybrid layer was clearly observed in ONE-STEP$^{(R)}$, Prime & Bond$^{(R)}$ 2.1, Syntac$^{(R)}$ SC, MAC-BOND II groups but it was not clear in Single Bond, D-Liner Dual PLUS, ONE COAT BOND groups. 3. Electron-density of hybrid layer was uniform in pattern in MAC-BOND II, Prime & Bond$^{(R)}$ 2.1 groups but not so uniform in ONE-STEP$^{(R)}$ group. 4. Electron-dense amorphous phase in most superior layer of the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone was characteristically observed in Single Bond, Syntac$^{(R)}$ SC, ONE COAT BOND groups. It can be concluded that bondings between the dentin bonding agents and dentin can be various in pattern according to their chemical compositions and the condition during applications.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.581-592
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• 2003

본연구는 유치와 영구치의 우식상아질을 제거하는 방법에 따른 상아질표면의 변화와 산부식양상, 혼성층의 양상, 그리고 이들이 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가할 목적으로 시행되었다. 92개의 유구치와 92개의 영구 구치를 준비하여 상아질 표면을 노출시키고 인공우식을 유발시켰다. 이중 32개의 유구치와 32개의 영구구치는 $Carisolv^{TM}$과 bur로 삭제후 상아질표면을 SEM관찰하였으며 나머지 치아에서는 레진-상아질간 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 두가지 접착시스템(Single bond system, self-etching bonding system)과 한 종류의 레진(Z250, 3M)을 사용하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. $Carisolv^{TM}$의 우식치질 제거효과는 영구치보다 유치에서 더 우수하였으며, bur로 제거한 경우보다 더 거친 상아질 표면이 관찰되었다. 2. 산부식처리한 경우 유치와 영구치 모두 우식제거방법과 관계없이 도말층이 제거된 양상을 보였다. 3. Single bond system을 이용한 경우 두터운 $2-4{\mu}m$의 혼성층과 $10-15{\mu}m$의 adhesive layer가 관찰된 반면, self-etching bonding system에서는 비교적 얇은($1-2{\mu}m$) 혼성층만이 형성되었다. 4. 전단결합강도는 유치와 영구치 모두 우식제거방법에 관계없이 Single bonding agent를 적용한 경우에 self-etching bonding agent를 적용한 군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 5. $Carisolv^{TM}$와 self-etching bonding agent 처리군에서 bur와 self-etching system 처리군보다 다소 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으나 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05).