• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tri-antibiotic paste (TAP) on microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) of dental adhesives to dentin. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted molars had their occlusal surfaces flattened to expose dentin. They were divided into two groups, i.e., control group with no dentin treatment and experimental group with dentin treatment with TAP. After 10 days, specimens were bonded using self-etch (Filtek P90 adhesive) or etch-and-rinse (Adper Single Bond Plus) adhesives and restored with composite resin. Teeth were sectioned into beams, and the specimens were subjected to MTBS test. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Results: There was a statistically significant interaction between dentin treatment and adhesive on MTBS to coronal dentin (p = 0.003). Despite a trend towards worse MTBS being noticed in the experimental groups, TAP application showed no significant effect on MTBS (p = 0.064). Conclusions: The etch-and-rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond Plus presented higher mean bond strengths than the self-etch adhesive Filtek P90, irrespective of the group. The superior bond performance for Adper Single Bond when compared to Filtek P90 adhesive was confirmed by a fewer number of adhesive failures. The influence of TAP in bond strength is insignificant.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dentin bonding agents on the bond strength of composite resin restorations in case of applying the dentin bonding agents to acid etched enamel surfaces. Freshly extracted 364 bovine anterior teeth were selected as a adherents. 320 enamel specimens were divided into two groups(unetched group (1) and etched group (2) for testing the shear bond strength, 40 specimens were used for the hardness testing, and 4 specimens of rest were to observe the resin-tag formation into etched enamel surfaces. All surfaces of enamel specimens were polished with 320~1500 SiC paper under continuous running water. In Group (1), 100 enamel specimens were polished and unetched. 220 polished enamel specimens in Group (2) were etched with 37 % phosphoric acid solution for 60 seconds, washed with water for 20 seconds, and dried with a light air pressure for 60 seconds. Three kinds of dentin bonding agents(Gluma, Prisma, Scotchbond 2) were evaluated the effect on the bond strength to conditioned enamel surfaces. Shear bond strengths were measured on the three cases such as a coating of primer only, a coating of sealer only, and a sequential coating of primer and sealer to acid etched enamel surfaces were compared with the bond strengths measured by the coating of enamel bonding agent followed by the bonding of composite resin (Photo clearfil bright, Kuraray, Japan) to unetched and acid etched enamel surfaces. In addition, the hardness tested on the adhesive fractured surface between composite resin enamel as a mean of evaluation of a factor whether the mechanical bond strengths were affected and the penetration of dentin bonding agents into etched enamel surfaces was also observed. Bond strengths were measured using the method of shear bond strength by a universal testing machine (Instron-4467, USA), statistical test were applied to the results using a one way analysis variance(ANOVA), and hardness was measured by the Vicker's Hardness Tester(MHT-i, Matsuzawa, Japan) and the penetration of the resins were observed by the SEM (Hitachi, S-2300, Japan). The following conclusions were drawn; 1. Enamel bonding agent showed to affect the improvement of bond strength of composite resin to enamel surface both unetched and etched. 2. Dentin bonding agents could be resulted in increase of bond strength to unetched enamel surface, but there were no statistical significances. 3. Bond strengths to etched enamel surface were significantly decreased with a coating of dentin primer only. 4. Coating of sealer only and coating of primer and sealer noticed the similar bond strengths of composite resin to etched enamel using the enamel bonding agents. 5. The applying method proved to be more effective than the kinds of dentin bonding agents on the bond strength of composite resin to etched enamel than the kind of dentin. 6. Vicker's hardness numbers of dentin bonding agents were lower than that of composite resin, but the degree of penetration of dentin bonding agents into etched enamel surfaces was excellent.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.353-364
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare and to evaluate the combination use of 5 kinds of dentin adhesive systems and 5 kinds of composite resins using micro-shear bond test. Five adhesive systems (Prime & Bond NT (PBN). Onecoat bond (OC), Excite (EX), Syntac (SY), Clearfil SE bond (CS)) and five composite resins (Spectrum (SP), Synergy Compact (SC), Tetric Ceram (TC), Clearfil AP-X (CA), Z100 (Z1)) were used for this study ($5{\;}{\times}{\;}5{\;}={\;}25group$, n =14/group). The slices of horizontally sectioned human tooth were bonded with each bonding system and each composite resin, and tested by a micro-shear bond strength test. These results were analyzed statistically. The mean micro-shear bond strength of dentin adhesive systems were in order of CS (22.642 MPa), SY (18.368 MPa), EX (14.599 MPa). OC (13.702 MPa). PBN (12.762 MPa). The mean bond strength of self-etching primer system group (CS, SY) in dentin was higher than that of self-priming adhesive system groups (PBN, EX, OC) significantly (P<0.05). The mean bond strength of composite resins was in order of SP (19.008 MPa), CA (17.532 MPa). SC (15.787 MPa), TC (15.068 MPa). Z1 (14.678 MPa). Micro-shear bond strength of SP was stronger than those of other composite resins significantly (P < 0.05). And those of TC and Z1 were weaker than other composite resins significantly (P < 0.05). No difference was found in micro-shear bond strength of composite resin in self-etching primer adhesive system groups (CS, SY) statistically. However, there was significant difference of micro-shear bond strength of composite resin groups in self-priming adhesive systems group (PBN, EX, OC). The combination of composite resin and dentin adhesive system recommended by manufacturer did not represent positive correlation. It didn't seem to be a significant factor.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.401-412
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to measure the regional micro-shear bond strength of dentin bonding agents to dentin, and to investigate the relationship between the micro-shear bond strength and two dentinal characteristics ; Vickers hardness and remaining dentin thickness. Twenty-four freshly extracted, noncarious human molars were selected for this study. The materials tested in this study consisted of two commercially available dentin bonding agents (MAC-BOND, ONE-STEP) and two restorative light-cured composite resins (AELITEFIL, Z100). The occlusal or side surface of tooth crown was sectioned to expose dentin, and the exposed surface was finally polished with # 600 sandpaper. Four groups of application methods were used combining the filling materials and the dentin bonding agents. The composite resin-attached tooth specimens were embeded in a cold cure acrylic resin, and were cut with a low speed diamond saw to the dimension of 1mm $\times$ 1mm. Nine specimens were obtained from each tooth. The cut specimens were divided into three groups depending on the position of the dentin bonding surface. The micro-shear bond strength, remaining dentin thickness, and dentinal hardness were measured. Experimental results were then statistically analyzed with ANOVA. t-test, Scheffe test, and regression analysis. From this experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. In the case of occlusal surface bonding, the pooled micro-shear bond strength of ONST-AELIT group (16.62 MPa) was significantly higher than that of MACB-AELIT group (9.91 MPa) (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the micro-shear bond strength depending on the dentin position (p>0.05). 2. In the case of side surface bonding of crown, the pooled micro-shear bond strength of four different bonding groups was not significantly different among each other (p>0.05). However, in three of the test groups (ONST-AELIT, MACB-Z100, ONST-Z100), the micro-shear bond strength to the lower 1/3(III) position was significantly lower than that to middle 1/3(II) position of surface (p<0.05). 3. In the ONST-AELIT bonding group, the pooled micro-shear bond strength to the occlusal surface was significantly lower than that to the side surface of crown (p<0.05). 4. There was no significant correlation between the micro-shear bond strength and dentin hardness / remaining dentin thickness (p>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.283-293
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• 2005

본 연구는 합착 술식에 따른 레진 합착제의 상아질에 대한 미세전단결합강도를 비교 연구하여 이중 접착 술식의 유용성을 평가하고자 시행되었다. 합착 술식은 전통 합착 술식과 이중 접착 술식, 임시 합착제는 Propac과 Freegenol, 상아질 접착제는 All-Bond 2, One-Step, Clearfil SE Bond를 사용하였다. 이중 접착 술식을 적용한 군에서만 상아질 접착제 처리 후, 모든 시편에 임시 합착제를 도포하였다. 이후 임시 합착제를 제거하고 상아질 접착제 적용 후 유리봉에 레진 합착제를 도포하여 상아질 면에 접착하였다. 미세전단결합 강도를 측정하고 접착 계면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 1. 전통 합착 술식이 이중 접착 술식보다 높은 미세전단결합강도를 보였으나 통계학적 유의 차가 없었다. 2. Freegenol이 Propac보다 높은 미세전단결합강도를 보였으나 유의차가 없었다. 3. 미세전단결합강도는 이중 접착 술식 을 적용한 경우 Clearfil SE Bond가 One-step, All-Bond 2보다 유의성 있게 높았으나(p<0.05) One-step, All-Bond 2 간 유의차는 없었다. 4. 전자현미경 소견에서 All-Bond 2와 One-Step을 사용한 군은 길고 수많은 resin tag가 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과 전통 합착 술식과 비교하여 이중 접착 술식의 우수함을 확인하지 못하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stannous fluoride on the dentin bonding with three kinds of commercially available dentin bonding systems containing different adhesive monomers. Dentin specimens with exposed labial dentin prepared from freshly extracted bovine mandibular anterior teeth were divided into experimental and control groups. The specimens of experimental groups were bonded with dentin bonding systems and composite resins including All bond 2 ㅡ& Bisfil, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose & Z100, and Denthesive II Charisma after 2 % stannous& fluorided application for S minutes and washing for 1 minute. The specimens of control groups were bonded with the same dentin bonding systems and composite resins as used in the experimental groups. After bonded specimens were stored in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours, the tensile bond strength and cohesive failure rate were measured, and then the pretreated dentin surfaces and the fractured dentin surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows : Mean bond strength of stannous fluoride applied groups of All bond 2, Scotchbond MP, and Denthesive II were 2.5MPa, 1.1MPa, and 1.1MPa respectively, and those of control groups were 7.5MPa, 8.1MPa, and 4.6MPa. Bond strength values of stannous fluoride applied groups were significantly lower than those of the control groups(p<0.05). SEM findings of dentin surfaces after stannous fluoride application demonstrated an appearance of partially remained smear layer and smear plugs inspite of pretreatment with 10 % phosphoric aicd or maleic acid solution, and an appearance of smear layer covered surface under Denthesive II priming. But those of control groups commonly showed clean dentin surfaces without smear layer and smear plugs. On SEM observation of the fractured dentin-resin interface, while most of the specimens of stannous fluoride applied groups showed adhesive failure mode, those of All bond 2 and Scotchbond MP control groups showed mainly adhesive-cohesive mixed failure mode, and mainly adhesive failure mode in Denthesive II control group.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.188-199
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• 2017

Objectives: This in vitro study evaluated the effect of dentin biomodifiers on the immediate and long-term bond strengths of a simplified etch and rinse adhesive to dentin. Materials and Methods: Flat coronal dentin surfaces were prepared in 120 extracted human molars. Teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 24) according to 5 different surface pre-treatments: No pre-treatment (control); 1M carbodiimide (EDC); 0.1% epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG); 2% minocycline (MI); 10% sodium ascorbate (SA). After surface pre-treatment, adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], 3M ESPE) was applied. Composite was applied into transparent plastic tubes (2.5 mm in diameter), which was placed over the bonded dentin surface. From each group, 10 samples were subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) evaluation at 24 hours (immediate) and remaining 10 samples were tested after 6 months (delayed). Additionally, 4 samples per group were subjected to scanning electron microscopic analysis for observation of resin-dentin interface. The data were statistically analysed with Shaperio-Wilk W test, 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: At 24 hours, SBS of all surface pre-treatment groups were comparable with the control group, with significant differences found between EDC and SA groups only (p = 0.009). After 6 months storage, EDC, EGCG, and MI pre-treatments preserved the resindentin bond strength with no significant fall. Conclusions: Dentin pre-treatment with all the dentin biomodifiers except SA resulted in significant preservation of resin-dentin bond over 6 months storage period, without negatively affecting the immediate bond strength of the etch and rinse adhesive tested.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if pre-treatment with desensitizers have a negative effect on microtensile bond strength before cementing a restoration using recently introduced self-adhesive resin cement to dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-five human molars' occlusal surfaces were ground to expose dentin; and were randomly grouped as (n=5); 1) Gluma-(Glutaraldehyde/HEMA) 2) Aqua-Prep F-(Fluoride), 3) Bisblock-(Oxalate), 4) Cervitec Plus-(Clorhexidine), 5) Smart protect-(Triclosan), 6) Nd:YAG laser, 7) No treatment (control). After applying the selected agent, RelyX U200 self-adhesive resin cement was used to bond composite resin blocks to dentin. All groups were subjected to thermocycling for 1000 cycles between $5-55^{\circ}C$. Each bonded specimen was sectioned to microbars ($6mm{\times}1mm{\times}1mm$) (n=20). Specimens were submitted to microtensile bond strength test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene's test, Kruskal-Wallis One-way Analysis of Variance, and Conover's nonparametric statistical analysis were used (P<.05). RESULTS. Gluma, Smart Protect and Nd:YAG laser treatments showed comparable microtensile bond strengths compared with the control group (P>.05). The microtensile bond strengths of Aqua-Prep F, and Cervitec Plus were similar to each other but significantly lower than the control group (P<.05). Bisblock showed the lowest microtensile bond strength among all groups (P<.001). Most groups showed adhesive failure. CONCLUSION. Within the limitation of this study, it is not recommended to use Aqua-prep F, Cervitec Plus and Bisblock on dentin when used with a self-adhesive resin cement due to the decrease they cause in bond strength. Beside, pre-treatment of dentin with Gluma, Smart protect, and Nd:YAG laser do not have a negative effect.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to measure and compare the micro shear bond strengths of the following dentin bonding systems to the dentin surfaces under simulated pulpal pressure: All Bond $2^{\circledR},{\;}Second^{\circledR},{\;}AdheSE^{\circledR}$, Adper Prompt $L-Pop^{\circledR}$. The occlusal surfaces of 180 extracted human molars were prepared so the dentin bonding surfaces could be exposed. The teeth were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups of 60 each and subdivided. The dentin surfaces were treated with the above mentioned bonding system and resin composite cylinders were built up under a simulated pulpal pressure when saline (Group II) or diluted bovine serum (Group III) was used as the pulpal fluid. As a control. the same procedures were performed in the dried dentin surfaces (Group I). After one day of storage in water. the micro shear bond strengths were measured using an EZ tester. Group II and III showed significantly lower shear bond strength than Group I statistically (p < 0.05). $SEbond^{\circledR}{\;}and{\;}AdheSE^{\circledR}$ showed no difference among the different dentin condition. In the Adper Prompt $L-Pop^{\circledR}$. a simulated pulpal pressure were applied to the specimens using diluted bovine serum. which showed a higher strength than the specimens in which saline was used (p < 0.05).

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the bonding durability of self-etching dentin bonding agents to dentin by means of shear bonding strength. Several acid-etching dentin bonding system (ESPE Z100) and self-etching dentin bonding systems (DEN-FIL, GRADIA DIRET) were used. The occlusion surface of human molars were ground flat to expose dentin and treated with the etch bonding system according to manufactures instruction and followed by composite resin application. After 24hours of storage at 37$^{\circ}C$, the shear bonding strength of the specimens was measured in a universal testing machine with a 1mm/min crosshead speed. An one-way analysis of variance and the scheffe test were performed to identify significant differences (p<0.05). The bonded interfacial surfaces and treated dentin surfaces were examined using a SEM. Through the analysis of shear bond strength data and micro-structures of dentin-resin interfaces, following results are obtained. In dentin group, the shear bond strength of DEN-FIL showed statistical superiority in comparison to the other groups and followed by ESPE Z100 and GRADIA DIRECT (p<0.05).