• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2013

Dental ceramics is well known to have excellent esthetics, biocompatibility as well as high compressive strength. However, the fragility of ceramics against tensile and shear loads leading to the delayed fracture of micro crack on ceramic surface and the backwardness of ceramic fabrication technique limit the usage of ceramic materials in dentistry. Among all ceramic materials, zirconia has been introduced to overcome the drawback of conventional dental ceramics in the field of dentistry due to the nature of zirconia featuring proper opalescence and high fracture toughness. Also, novel manufacturing techniques enable ceramic materials to prepare high esthetic anterior and posterior all ceramic system. In this paper, it is introduced and discussed that novel techniques characterizing the bond strength between zirconia core and veneering ceramics and analyzing the fluorescence of dental ceramics in order to overcome the gap between the results of basic research and the feasibility of the results in the field of dental clinics.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 2019

PURPOSE. To evaluate the polishing effect on roughness and color change of pressed and layering ceramics after immersion in coffee solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 88 ceramic discs ($1.0mm{\times}10.0mm$) were manufactured - 44 nano-fluorapatite layering ceramics (IPS e.max Ceram. Group C) and 44 pressed lithium disilicate ceramic discs (IPS e. max Press - Group P). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to surface treatments: (G) Glaze, (S) Shofu polishing system (Shofu Inc.), (E) Edenta AG polishing System, (KG) $30-{\mu}m$ diamond granulation tip. Surface roughness (Ra) and color change (${\Delta}E$) measurings after the surface treatments were performed, before and 12 days after the immersion in coffee solution. A samples' qualitative analysis was conducted with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically-treated with one-way-ANOVA and Duncan's tests, apart from paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test (${\alpha}=5%$). RESULTS. The decrescent order, both for surface roughness (Ra) and ${\Delta}E$ for both ceramics were: KG > E > S > G (P<.05). With exception for PG and CG subgroups, which did not present statistical difference between them, all other pressed ceramics subgroups presented smaller Ra values and greater ${\Delta}E$ values than the layering ceramics subgroups (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Although mechanical polishing systems presented intermediate Ra values, their colors were considered clinically acceptable. There is a strong correlation between the surface roughness and the color change of tested ceramics.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2004

Glass ceramics for dental crown prosthesis were prepared by crystallization of CaO-MgO-SiO2-P2O5-TiO2 glasses. Their crystallization behaviors have been investigated as a function of heattreatment temperature and holding time in relation to mechanical properties. The results are as follows: Vickers hardness and bending strength of glass ceramics increased due to the precipitation of apatite, whitlockite, $\beta$-wollastonite, magnesium titanate, and diopside crystal phases within glass matrix. The final crystalline phase assemblages and the microstructures of the glass ceramics were found to be dependent on heat-treatment temperature and holding time. Vickers hardnes and bending strength of glass ceramics increased with increasing heat-treatment temperature and holding time.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.279-285
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• 2011

Currently there is no dental ceramic material can be used in all dental situations need to be restored. However, in view of recent clinical reports, the most viable alternative is zirconia ceramic. Clinical success of dental zirconia restorations strongly depends on proper selection of materials, accurate laboratory procedure and final cementation, which can be achievable with the correct understanding of zirconia. As dental materials, zirconia ceramics have a very bright future, because they are being used increasingly in the anterior region as implant fixtures, as well as crown and bridge restorations and implant abutments. Many dental ceramics showing poor clinical performance have been gone from the dental market. However, in terms of outstanding mechanical properties and esthetic nature, new dental materials can replace zirconia ceramics will not be available in the foreseeable future.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.335-340
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the fracture strength of the dental zirconia veneering ceramics for zirconia ceramic core. Six commercial zirconia veneering ceramics were used in this study, namely E-Max(Ivoclar vivadent, Inc, Liechtenstein), Creation ZI(KLEMA Dental produckte GmbH, Austria), Cercon ceram kiss(Degudent, GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany), Triceram(Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany), Zirkonzahn(Zirkonzahn GmbH, Italy), Zirmax(Alpadent, korea). All samples were prepared according to the relevant instructions of manufacture. Disc specimens were prepared to the final dimensions of 17 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm in thickness. The biaxial flexure strength test was conducted using a ball-on-three-ball method. All specimens were tested in a moisture-free environment. Average flexural strengths were analyzed with Weibull analysis and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA). Significant differences were founded between the mean flexural strength values of five commercials zirconia veneering ceramics and the other. The flexural strengths and Weibull modulus were similar to those of five groups E-Max(EM), Creation ZI(CR), Cercon ceram kiss(CE), Triceram(TR), Zirkonzahn(ZI) with the exception of Zirmax(ZM). The biaxial flexural strength from Cercon ceram kiss(CE) was higher than those of other groups. Fracture analysis showed similar results for these five groups.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The color of the ceramic restorations is affected by various factors such as brand, thickness of the layered the ceramic, condensation techniques, smoothness of surface, number of firings, firing temperature and thickness of dentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color change and surface roughness in dental porcelain with different thicknesses during repeated firings. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Disc-shaped (N=21) metal-ceramic samples (IPS Classic; Ivoclar Vivadent; Shaar, Liechtenstein) with different thickness were exposed to repeated firings. Color measurement of the samples was made using a colorimeter and profilometer was used to determine surface roughness. ANOVA and Tukey tests with repeated measurements were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS. The total thickness of the ceramics which is less than 2 mm significantly have detrimental effect on the surface properties and color of porcelains during firings (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Repeated firings have effects on the color change and surface roughness of the dental ceramics and should be avoided.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 1993

A study on the biocompatibility of two types of new glass-ceramics materials, metal disc and dental porcelain that were already made for dental artificial tooth in the previous study, have been attempted. The chemical behavior and the Victor's hardness change in she artificial saliva and Ringer's solution have been also investigated. From the experiment of Implantation of glass-ceramics Into dorsal subcutaneous tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats, glass-cerarmics did not show any particular system of rejection for histrocompatibility.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2004

Biaxial flexure strength (ball-on-3-ball) and fracture toughness (indentation microfracture) of heat-pressable glass-ceramics for dental use were investigated in this study. Crystal phase and microstructure of glass-ceramics were analyzed by XRD. SEM, and TEM. Crack propagation in specimens was not effectively arrested by dispersed crystalline particles. However, higher degree of crystallization probably contributes to strengthening of glass-ceramics. Better clinical reliability can be expected from lithium disilicate glass-ceramic because of its significantly higher biaxial flexure strength and fracture toughness.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.427-433
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• 2014

PURPOSE. Surface color is one of the main criteria to obtain an ideal esthetic. Many factors such as the type of the material, surface specifications, number of firings, firing temperature and thickness of the porcelain are all important to provide an unchanged surface color in dental ceramics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color changes in dental ceramics according to the material type and glazing methods, during the multiple firings. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three different types of dental ceramics (IPS Classical metal ceramic, Empress Esthetic and Empress 2 ceramics) were used in the study. Porcelains were evaluated under five main groups according to glaze and natural glaze methods. Color changes (${\Delta}E$) and changes in color parameters (${\Delta}L$, ${\Delta}a$, ${\Delta}b$) were determined using colorimeter during the control, the first, third, fifth, and seventh firings. The statistical analysis of the results was performed using ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS. The color changes which occurred upon material-method-firing interaction were statistically significant (P<.05). ${\Delta}E$, ${\Delta}L$, ${\Delta}a$ and ${\Delta}b$ values also demonstrated a negative trend. The MC-G group was less affected in terms of color changes compared to other groups. In all-ceramic specimens, the surface color was significantly affected by multiple firings. CONCLUSION. Firing detrimentally affected the structure of the porcelain surface and hence caused fading of the color and prominence of yellow and red characters. Compressible all-ceramics were remarkably affected by repeated firings due to their crystalline structure.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 2009

This research collected the curriculum for Dental Technology from a total of 20 schools --3-year colleges and 4-year colleges-- all in Korea. And we analyzed the average credits of subjects from students. As a result of this analysis, we get the conclusion below: 1. In the arithmetic mean of the major basis subjects which graduates and undergraduates answered about each subjects; Seminar, Dental morphology I II, Dental morphology practice I II, and Dental devices & instruments don't have many credits. And averages of the major application subjects credits which are Implants(especially low), Occlusal anatomy practice I II, Dental ceramics practice I II, and Dental ceramics practice are low, mostly have a converged tendency in high points. 2. In an analysis of the correlation which is based on the major basis subjects: Dental esthetic, oral anatomy I II, Dental materal practice III, Dental casting pracedure, Oral hygiene, Health & medical law, Management administration, and Medical terminology have a meaningful difference. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) 3. In an analysis of the correlation which is based on the major application subjects; Crown and bridge prosthodontics practice IV, Complete denture prosthodontics I II III, Complete denture prosthodontics practice I II III, Dental ceramics I II, Dental ceramics practice I II, Dental ceramics practice IIII, Occlusal anatomy I II, Occlusal anatomy practice I, Operative dentistry laboratory technology I, Operative dentistry laboratory technology practice II, Dental attachment laboratory technology practice, Implants, and Dental laboratory clinical practice have meaningful difference. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) 4. In an analysis of the correlation which is based on the ratio of a theory to an actual training; 40:60(38.57%) is the highest, followed by 30:70(30.04%), 50:50(23.32%), 60:40(5.83%), and 70:30(2.24%). These have meaningful difference. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) 5. In an analysis of the correlation which is based on the distinction of sex: Partial denture prosthodontics practice I II III, Complete denture prosthodontics I II III, Complete denture prosthodontics practice I II III, Occlusal anatomy practice I II, Implants, Medical terminology have meaningful difference. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) For the purpose of training entrepreneurs of middle standing who is required by a future society, Department of Dental Technology's Curriculum need to be managed with planning a curriculum which reflects opinions of graduates, undergraduates and a society, and also are considered not focusing on a supplier but focusing on a user.