• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2000

This study is the know the difference bond strength according to painting method of Opaque porcelain. Among Porcelain powder for Porcelain, Noritake powder, Bonding agent 1 class and metal are selected as Base metal alloy. And painting method of Opaque porcelain is divided by 4 groups : PG, WG, NG and DG. Also it is to manufacture 24 sheets of Specimen by 6 each every method and to measure Crack-initiation Strength of Metal-porcelain and it is to observe it by Scanning electron microscope. I come to get a conclusion as follows. 1. As for Debonding strength of every experiment groups, it showed that WS group which executed Wash bake had highest value, 44.25MPa and NG group which used Normal powder had value, 42.11MPa and DG group which used Bonding agent had value, 35.88MPa and PG group which used Paste opaque had value, 35.39MPa. 2. In four painting methods of Opaque porcelain, PG group, WG group, NG group and DG group, there is no significant difference statistically in Crack-initiation Strength. 3. As a result of observing fracture surface with Scanning electron microscope, it was showde that PG group remained a lot of particle of porcelain on the surface of metal than WG group, NG group and DG group.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2017

Purpose: In this study, a corresponding porcelain coating material was applied to dental Co-Cr metal among PFM. Methods: The bonding strength of the fired specimens was measured by a three-point flexural rigidity test. SEM/EDS was used to observe the surface component of specimens. Results: First, All groups were higher than the minimum bonding strength of 25 MPa specified in ISO 9693 for dental metal-ceramics specimens. Second, The bonding strength of control group(WO) is 44.64 MPa. Experimental group DM was 35.45 MPa and DP was 31.82 MPa(P<0.05). Tukey's HSD tests results have shown that the bonding strength in control group(WO) is higher than that of experimental group(DM, DP). Third, In the case of metal - porcelain bonding strength, the application of opaque porcelain and firing were higher than those of the group treated with degassing process. Conclusion: The bonding strength was higher when the powder opaque porcelain was applied than the paste opaque porcelain.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the commercial paste opaque products currently available in domestic of foreign as well as domestic, such as Duceram Plus(DU; Ducera Dental GmbH, Germany), VMK 95(VM; Vita Co., Germany), Noritake EX-3(EX; Noritake Co., Japan) and Ceramax(CE; Alphadent Co., Korea). They were characterized in thermal expansion coefficient, particle size distribution, viscosity and solvent using thermomechanical analyzer, particle size analyzer, rheometer and infrared spectrophotometer. Experimental results are as follows; Firstly, thermal expansion coefficients were determined $13.9{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for DU, $14.3{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for VM, $13.3{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for EX, and $14.0{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for CE. Secondly, percent of partice size below $1{\mu}m$ were 12% for DU, VM and CE, and 13% for EX, percent between $1{\mu}m$ and $5{\mu}m$ were 42% for DU, 42% for VM, 38% for EX, and 61 % for CE, percent between $5{\mu}m$ and $10{\mu}m$ were 21 % for DU, 24% for VM, 20% for EX, and 18% for CE, and over $10{\mu}m$ were 25% for DU, 22% for VM, 29% for EX, 9% for CE. Thirdly, the basic composition of the solvent in all of the commercial paste opaques were determined as ethylene glycol from FT-IR investigation. Lastly, measured viscosities were 1798 cp for DU, 536 cp for VM, 1110 cp for EX, and 721 cp for CE.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-62
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• 2003

In this research, we manufactured the paste opaque porcelains using Propylene Glycol (PG) and Buthylene Glycol (BG) as a solvent, and compared the composition of solvents, the coefficient of thermal expansion, the particle size distribution, the viscosity and bonding strength to metal, and the tone with those of the commercial products(Duceram Plus, Duceram GmbH; VMK 95, Vita Co.; Noritake EX-3, Noritake Co.)used in the clinical field. The results of the research were as follows: 1. The result of solvent analysis indicated that the solvents included in the paste opaque porcelains of the control group were mainly composed of Glycols. 2. From the Coefficient of thermal expansion measurement, we drew out the following results; testing group: $14.0\times10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$, Duceram Plus: $13.9\times10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$, VMK 95: $14.3\times10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$, and Noritake EX-3: $13.3\times10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$. 3. Seen from the result of particle size distribution measurement, the experimental group was similar to the control group in 1$\mu m$ below, but the experimental group marked the highest distribution of 61% in the case of between 1$\mu m$ and 5$\mu m$. Between 5$\mu m$ and 10$\mu m$, they showed relatively similar distribution, and Noritake EX-3 was turned out the highest distribution of 29% in 10$\mu m$ above. 4. From the result of viscosity measurement, Duceram plus showed the highest viscosity throughout all the measurements followed by Noritake Ex-3, experimental group and VMK 95 in decreasing order. 5. The result of bonding strength measurement was EX 35.53 $\beta\acute{A}$, DU 40.88 $\beta\acute{A}$, VM 39.43 $\beta\acute{A}$, and NO 35.39 $\beta\acute{A}$, and no significant difference was found between the experimental group and the control groups(P>0.05). 6. The measurement of the tone indicated that the $L^*$ value of the experimental group was 86.89 0.63 in average, which is higher than the control group in its brightness. In the case of the $a^*$ value, Duceram Plus, VMK 95 and EX-3 showed positive value, whereas the testing group was turned out negative value. In $b^*$ value, Duceram Plus proved the highest. From the results of this research, the paste opaque porcelains using Propylene Glycol (PG) and Buthylene Glycol (BG) as a solvent did not make differences from the commercial products that are actually used in the clinical fields. Therefore, it is possible to utilize Propylene Glycol (PG) and Buthylene Glycol (BG) for the paste opaque porcelains of P.F.M crown. It is also recommended that further researches concerning the compositions and forms of powder, the types of organic solvent components and the ratio of mixture proceeded in order to improve the level of productivity in the future.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.4357-4363
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• 2015

본 연구는 베릴륨 함유하지 않은 Ni-Cr계 도재용 금속에 전용도재를 도포, 소성된 시편을 3점 굴곡 시험으로 결합강도를 측정하고, SAM/EDS로 표면성분관찰 실험한 AVOVA와 Tukey HSAD 사후검정을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째. 모든 군에서 ISO 9693의 치과용 금속-도재 시편의 최소 결합강도의 최소치인 25 MPa의 전단결합강도를 상위하며 안정적인 결과값을 나타냈다. 둘째. 결합 강도는 대조군 V1은 $32.37{\pm}1.91MPa$으로 나타났고, 실험군 V2 $38.25{\pm}1.38MPa$, 실험군 V3 $46.43{\pm}2.14MPa$, 그리고 실험군 V4 $47.21{\pm}1.72MPa$, 순으로 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 사후 검정 (Tukey's HSD test) 결과, 결합강도 실험결과 실험군 V4는, 대조군 V1보다 높게 나타났다. 셋째. 금속-도재의 결합에서 산화처리를 시행한 군보다 시행하지 않고 불투명 도재를 도포하고 소성한 군이 높게 나타났으며, paste불투명 도재보다 분말 불투명도재의 사용에 따른 결합강도가 더 높게 나타났다. 넷째. 실험군 V4는 금속과 도재의 결합강도 비교에서 가장 높게 나타났다.