• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1055-1058
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• 2008

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.672-681
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• 2009

A series of inert and photo-stable Er(III)-encapsulated complexes based on ${\pi}$-extended dendritic anthracene ligands bearing G3-aryl-ether dendron ([G3-AnX]-$CO_2H$), which retain different ${\pi}$-bridging systems, such as single (X= S), double (X= D) and triple (X= T) bonds was designed and synthesized to establish the structure-property relationship. The near infrared emission intensities of Er(III)-encapsulated complexes were enhanced dramatically by increasing the ${\pi}$-conjugated extension of anthracene ligands. The time-resolved luminescence spectra show monoexponential decays with a lifetime of $2.0{\sim}2.4ms$ for $Er^{3+}$ ions in thin films, and calculated intrinsic quantum yields of $Er^{3+}$ ions are in the range of $0.025{\sim}0.03%$. As a result, all Er(III)-encapsulated dendrimer complexes exhibit the near IR emission with the following order: $Er^{3+}-[G3-AnD]_3$(terpy) > $Er^{3+}-[G3-AnS]_3$(terpy) ${\approx}$ $Er^{3+}-[G3-AnT]_3$(terpy), because $Er^{3+}-[G3-AnD]_3$(terpy) has a higher relatively spectral overlap J value and energy transfer efficiency. In addition, the lack of detectable phosphorescence and no significant spectral dependence of the ${\pi}$-extended anthracene moieties on the solvent polarity support energy transfer from their singlet state to the central $Er^{3+}$ ion taking place in $Er^{3+}-[G3-AnX]_3$(terpy).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1790-1794
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• 2005

Fréchet-type dendritic benzyl azides were efficiently synthesized using 5-(azidomethyl)-1,3-dihydroxybenzene as an azide focal point functionalized unit by adding a generation to the existing dendron and applied for the construction of dendrimers containing 1,2,3-triazole rings as connectors via click chemistry with a tripodal acetylene core.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1777-1780
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• 2007

The synthesis of well-defined dendrons based on aliphatic polyether dendritic cores and glassy polystyrene peripheries is described. The synthetic route involves a combination of living anionic polymerization and a stepwise convergent method consisting of iterative Williamson etherification and hydroboration/oxidation reactions. On the basis of molecular weight, as characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the first generation dendron (Generation-1) shows a random coil conformation like a linear polystyrene, while higher generations (Generation-2 and 3) reveal globular forms in solution.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1771-1776
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• 2007

The synthesis of well-defined dendrons based on aliphatic polyether dendritic cores and glassy polystyrene peripheries is described. The synthetic route involves a combination of living anionic polymerization and a stepwise convergent method consisting of iterative Williamson etherification and hydroboration/oxidation reactions. On the basis of molecular weight, as characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the first generation dendron (Generation-1) shows a random coil conformation like a linear polystyrene, while higher generations (Generation-2 and 3) reveal globular forms in solution.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.664-672
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• 2011

A series of hydrophilic chromophores was synthesized through introduction of dendritic sulfonate anions using click chemistry. A dendron structure bearing several sulfonate groups enhances hydrophilicity of attached chromophores. A click triazole formation connects chromophores with hydrophilic groups. A neutral trichloroethyl sulfonate has versatile features such as easy introduction, chemical endurance for isolation or storage, and convenient transformation to a hydrophilic anion. Zinc and OH mediated cleavage of trichloroethyl group from the neutral sulfonate undergoes to generate a water-soluble sulfonate anion. The solubility was examined with different counter cations and in different pH media and thus increased with the number of attached sulfonate ion. Two hydrophilic chromophores of stilbene-derived and azobenzene-derived dipolar structures exhibit clear negative and positive solvatochromism in protic solvents, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.3624-3628
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• 2011

Fr$\acute{e}$chet-type dendritic benzaldehydes were efficiently synthesized using 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as an aldehyde focal point functionalized unit by adding a generation to the existing dendron or direct oxidation of Fr$\acute{e}$chet-type dendritic benzyl alcohols. These dendritic benzaldehydes were applied for the construction of dendrimers containing secondary amines as connectors via Staudinger/aza-Wittig Reactions with ${\alpha}$,${\alpha}'$,-diazidop-xylene core.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.240-250
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• 1997

설악산 국립공원의 소청봉-대청봉 지구를 중심으로 분포하고 있는 천연림의 생육현황과 구조를 정확히 파악하고자, 이 지역에 36개의 방형구(20m$\times 20m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다. Cluster 분석한 결과 세 개의 군집, 신갈나무-젓나무가 우점하는 능선형 군집, 복장나무-분비나무가 우점하는 사면형 군집, 젓나무-난티나무가 우점하는 계곡형 군집으로 분류되었다. 수종간의 상관관계는 난티나무와 까치박달; 미역줄나무와 개회나무; 미역줄나무와 만병초; 사스래나무와 털진달래; 병꽃나무와 톨진달래 등의 수종들간에는 비교적 높은 정의상관계를, 철쭉나무와 나래회나무; 사스래나무와 당단풍; 사스래나무와 피나무;사스래나무와 함박꽃나무; 거제수나무와 사스래나무; 눈잣나무와 잣나무 등의 수종들간에는 높은 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 본 조사지의 종다양도는 0.8393~1.3431로 비교적 높게 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

We have designed and synthesized three Zn(II)-porphyrin derivatives, such as Zn(II) porphyrin ([G-0]Zn-P1) and aryl ether-typed dendron substituted Zn(II)-porphyrin derivatives ([G-1]Zn-P1 and [G-1]Zn-P-CN1). Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis absorption, EI-mass, and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopies. Their electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry measurement. These Zn(II)-porphyrin derivatives have been used to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on solid polymeric electrolytes as dye sensitizers and their device performances were evaluated by comparing with that of a standard Ru(II) complex dye. [G-1]Zn-P-CN1 showed the enhanced power conversion efficiency than those of other porphyrin derivatives, as expected. Short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (η) of solid-typed DSSC for [G-1]Zn-P-CN1 were evaluated to be Jsc = 11.67 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.51 V, FF = 0.46, and η = 2.76%, respectively.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 잘 정의된 덴드리틱 폴리스티렌-블록-선형 폴리(3차 부틸 아크릴레이트) 공중합체를 성공적으로 합성하였다. 음이온 중합법을 통해 합성된 폴리스티렌($M_n$=1000 g/mol)을 외곽부분으로 함유하는 덴드론의 수산기 그룹을 토실화(tosylation), 아지드화(azidation), 환원(reduction) 반응을 통해 아민기로 전환하였다. 한편, 선형 poly(t-butyl acrylate)는 DMF 용매에서 benzyl 2-bromopropanoate/Cu(I)Br, PMDETA/t-butylacrylate를 각각 개시제/촉매 시스템/단량체로 사용하여, 원자이동라디칼 중합법(atom transfer radical polymerization, ATRP)을 통해 합성할 수 있었고, 말단을 카르복시산 그룹으로 전환하기 위해 수소기체 환경하에서 Pd/C 을 사용하여 탈벤질화(debenzylation) 반응을 수행하였다. 마지막으로, 합성된 덴드리틱 및 선형 블록들을 다이메틸아미노피리딘(4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, DMAP)과 다이아이소프로필카보다이이미드(N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, DIPC)를 이용한 아미드 커플링 방법을 통해 최종 덴드리틱-선형의 블록공중합체를 합성하였다. 합성된 블록공중합체를 수소원자핵공명법 및 겔침투크로마토그래피 방법을 통해 조사한 결과, 잘 정의된 분자량 및 낮은 분자량 분포를 확인할 수 있었다.