• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.138-150
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• 2013

This paper is purposed to study on the Influence of Working Condition and Job Satisfaction on the change of occupation of Cosmetologist(Hair & Skin Care) to reduce cosmetologist change of occupation. The research methods are surveying with 250 persons & doing statistics analysis such as frequency, factor, regression analysis, using SPSS V.14. The results are as belows; 1. working conditions are reduced by two factors (1) welfare working condition, (2) basic working condition, and job satisfactions are reduced by one factor job satisfaction. 2. There is a relationship demographic characteristics, such as years, income/month, number of colleague in working area, working time/day, day off/month, with change of occupation. 3. There is a relationship working condition with change of occupation. 4. There is a relationship job satisfaction with change of occupation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.66-79
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to find out the difference between preferred hairstyle and pursued-image of hairstyle according to demographic characteristics. The method of this study is a content analysis and survey research using a questionnaire, which consisted of items of pursued-image of hairstyle, preferred hairstyle and demographic characteristics. 450 women were selected as subjects of this study; they were randomly selected from hair salon located in Seoul, Inchon and Bundang. For the material analysis, We used the statistical program of SPSS 12.0; frequencies, factor nalysis, one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, T Test and ${\chi}^2$ Test were carried out as the methods of analysis. The research findings were as follows. First, the results of hairstyles according to the content analysis usually resulted 5 hairstyles, such as cuts and crew cut, bobbed hair, long layered hair styles and nonelayered long hair styles. Second, under the survey regarding the difference of preferred hairstyle and pursued-image of hairstyle according to demographic characteristics. variety of hair styles due to the subjects were more willing to try a consciousness about other's suggestions and how they are portrayed. Moreover a low level of education was ralated to a attempting a variety of styles, considering their social life. Subjects with higher age, education level and salary preferred a glamorous image as well as crew cuts. Which made them look younger. However, when they were younger, they preferred long nonelayered hair styles. In conclusion, age, average monthly income and education level are important variations affecting the property of change in hairstyles and pursued-image of hairstyles.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of health perception, satisfaction survey and lifestyle in Korean medicine counseling for Daejeon University faculty members. Methods : In this study, the demographic questionnaire, lifestyle habit questionnaire, Mibyeong questionnaire, quality of life questionnaire(SF-12, EQ5D), pattern-based questionnaire, constitutional questionnaire(KS-15) and instrumental examination were performed on the first and second visit. We carried out 1:1 consultation at every visit. Results : A total of 189 participants participated in this study. 66% of respondents answered that they felt the change in health perception and more than 93% of the respondents felt satisfaction due to the Korean medicine health counseling. In the demographic characteristics, it was found that women were more satisfied with the Korean medicine health counseling than men(p <.05), the higher the education level(p <.05) and the higher the age(p <.05), managed their health continuously after receiving Korean medicine health counseling.(p <.05) In addition, in the change of lifestyle habit, the group who smoked and drank in the past answered that the consciousness to manage and improve health was higher than other group after Korean medicine health counseling.(p <.05) Conclusions : Korean medicine health counseling had a positive effect on overall health perception change and satisfaction was high. Since the Korean medicine health counseling has different effects on lifestyle and health perception change and the satisfaction of Korean medicine health counseling is different according to demographic characteristics and existing lifestyle habits. In the future, it will be expected that the effect of Korean medicine health counseling program on health care and disease prevention will be further enhanced if the Korean medicine health counseling program reflecting such characteristics is implemented.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.333-340
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• 2013

Background: The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between 'Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test' subscale scores and demographic/gyneco-obstetric characteristics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 256 women. Data were obtained using the 'Demographic and Gyneco-Obstetric Identification Form' and the 'Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test. Results: The percentage of women who had heard about the Pap test was 77.7 whereas only 32.4% had actually undergone the test. Some 45.7% of the women stated that they did not know the reason for having a Pap test. Women who had obtained a Pap smear test had statistically significantly fewer perceived barriers than those who had never had (p<0.05). Scores with regard to the subscales including 'Benefits of Pap Smear Tests and Health Motivation', 'Perceived Seriousness of Cervical Cancer', 'Susceptibility to Cervical Cancer' and 'Cervical Cancer Health Motivation' did not differ with demographic/gyneco-obstetric characteristics such as womens' educational level, whether or not young age at first marriage, whether or not having family history of female cancer, and whether or not having had a Pap test (p>0.05). Conclusions: Increasing knowledge about benefits of Pap smear tests, increasing motivation to obtain Pap Smear Test and increasing perceived seriousness of cervical cancer could promote attendance at cervical cancer screening. Different strategies are needed for behavioural change. Implementation of educational programmes by nurses in a busy environment could result in a major clinical change, based on the findings of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.75-86
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• 2003

The purpose of the study is to identify consumers' use of information source, store image, and demographic characteristics by their lifestyle types. and to establish a strategy for marketing and customer satisfaction management in order to response actively to the change of consumer behavior and to survive in this boundless competition. Out of the adult females who visited any discount store from October 3 to October 13. 2001. 300 women who would understand the purpose of the survey and respond it. were given with the questionnaire. Finally, 245 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The data were processed in factor analysis. group analysis. deviation analysis. Duncan. and cross analysis. with SPSS WIN 10.0. The results are as follows: 1. Life style were categorized into 4 groups: social service pursuing group, fashion change pursuing group. convenience pursuing group, cultural life pursuing group. 2. There were some differences in discount store consumers's use of information source about the cosmetics according to lifestyle types. 3. There were some differences in discount store consumers's store image about the cosmetics according to lifestyle types. 4. There were some differences in discount store consumers's demographic characteristics about the cosmetics according to lifestyle types.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.477-492
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify incidence, severity and duration of morning sickness; 2) to explore the diet relieving nausea; and 3) the demographic factors related to morning sickness. The data were collected on 281 pregnant women by the questionnaire comprized of demographic variables, obstetric characteristics, and pattern of morning sickness from 6 weeks gestational period to 30 weeks, who visited prenatal clinic of three general hospitals and a public health center in Seoul. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and $x^2$ test, using the program of SPSS/WIN 8.0. The results were as follows; 1. Incidence of morning sickness comprised of 72.3% pregnant women. Occurrence of morning sickness was gestational mean of 5.93 weeks, and morning sickness ceased after gestational mean of 14.62 weeks. 2. Of those women who experienced morning sickness 27.9% had morning sickness in the morning and 19.7% in the afternoon, and 45.3% had morning sickness for 1 hour in duration and 19.2% throughout the entire day. 3. Of those pregnant women 51.2% had moderate discomfort and 33.5% had severe discomfort in morning sickness. The situations that triggered morning sickness were 'hunger' for 32.9%, 'smell' for 30.3%, and 'cooking' for 23.3%. 4. The affects of morning sickness to lifestyle were 'moderate change' for 39.9%, 'mild change' for 33.5%, and 'much change' for 23.6%. 5. To remedy morning sickness 34.6% of pregnant women tried to eat fruits, and 14.8% tried to drink carbonated beverage. The effective foods relieving morning sickness were fruits for 38.4%, carbonated beverage for 15.6% and dry carbohydrate for 12.0% of pregnant women. The ineffective foods relieving it were milk for 31.0% and dry carbohydrate for 23.7% of pregnant women. 6. The level of relieving of morning sickness by diet were 'mild' for 55.7%, 'no change' for 21.7%, and 'moderate' for 17.7% of pregnant women. 7. There was a significant association with morning sickness and age, but no significant associations with morning sickness and parity, educational level, occupation, type of marriage, and type of family.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.35-77
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• 2023

This study aims to solve the entangled loop between demographic transition (DT) and economic growth by analyzing cross-country data. We undertake a national-level group analysis to verify the compressed transition of demographic variables over time. Assuming that the LA (latecomer advantage) on DT over time exists, we verify that the DT of the latecomer is compressed by providing a formal proof of LA on DT over income. As a DT has the double-kinked functions of income, we check them in multiple aspects: early maturation, leftward threshold, and steeper descent under a contour map and econometric methods. We find that the developing countries (the latecomer) have speedy DT (CDT, compressed DT) as well as speedy income such that DT of the latecomers starts at lower levels of income, lasts for a shorter period, and finishes at the earlier stage of economic development compared to that of developed countries (the early mover). To check the balance of DT, we classify countries into four groups of DT---balanced, slow, unilateral, and rapid transition countries. We identify that the main causes of rapid transition are due to the strong family planning programs of the government. Finally, we check the effect of latecomer's CDT on economic growth inversely: we undertake the simulation of the CDT effect on economic growth and the aging process for the latecomer. A worrying result is that the CDT of the latecomer shows a sharp upturn of the working-age population, followed by a sharp downturn in a short period. Compared to early-mover countries, the latecomer countries cannot buy more time to accommodate the workable population for the period of demographic bonus and prepare their aging societies for demographic onus. Thus, we conclude that CDT is not necessarily advantageous to developing countries. These outcomes of the latecomer's CDT can be re-interpreted as follows. Developing countries need power sources to pump up economic development, such as the following production factors: labor, physical and financial capital, and economic systems. As for labor, the properties of early maturation and leftward thresholds on DTs of the latecomer mean that demographic movement occurs at an unusually early stage of economic development; this is similar to a plane that leaks fuel before or just before take-off, with the result that it no longer flies higher or farther. What is worse, the property of steeper descent represents the falling speed of a plane so that it cannot be sustained at higher levels, and then plummets to all-time lows.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

The results of Change of Space Organization of Nagan Eupsung are as follows. There was no castle when Nagan folk village was built and it was merely small village arranged centering around road, but as it was emphasized as a point of strategic importance, castle wall was built and the government office and military facilities were established. In the late period of the Joseon Dynasty, as central power was weakened and its importance as a strategic point was declined, private houses outside the folk village were extended to the inside of castle. The whole structure of the village was not greatly changed through the modern society, but disappearance of village components and change of its basic structure like destruction of the castle were continued not to be restored to the former condition spontaneously. It was considered that it was caused by social demographic characteristics of the folk village which was deteriorated and environmental factors that it was changed into sightseeing place.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 1976

By examining Table 1, it is confirmed that the two model fertility scheduels for 1960 and 1975 are close agreement with the census data in Korea. The declines of age-specific fertility are more remarkable among older women than among younger, as exhibited in Table 3 and Fig. 2. A merit of this fitted model schedule as compared to fitted conventional frequency distributions such as the Pearson Type III curve, is that the model schedule incorporates combinations of intuitively understandable demographic factors. The value of m, a measure of fertility control, increased remarkably from 0.531 in 1960 to 2.429 in 1975. Considering the fact that the average value of m for forty-three schedules shown in the 1965 Demographic Yearbook was 1.0, and the value of m in England and Wales for 1965 was 1.91, the recent level of fertility control in Korea may be considered higher than generally believed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.23-50
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• 1995

This study describes the effects of demographic transition on the environmental changes in Korea. The basic framework of this study is a path model. This study analyzes the effects of population growth, urbanization and industrialization on the environmental deterioration. In doing this, this study illustrates the changing patterns of population growth, urbanization and industrialization. This study also shows the changing patterns of environmental conditions, focusing on air pollution, water pollution and wastes. Finally, this study deals with the consequences of the environmental deterioration, especially focusing on the changing quality of life in Korea.