• 보건행정학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.221-237
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• 1992

The reasons for cost inflation in medical insurance expenditure are classified into demand pull inflation and cost push inflation. The former includes increase in the number of beneficiaries and utilization rate, while the latter includes increase in medical insurance fee and the charges per case. This study was conducted to analyze sources of increases of expenditure in medical insurance demonstration area by the period of 1982-1987 which was earlier than national health insurance and the period of national health insurance(1988-1990). The major findings were as follows: Medical expenditure in these areas increased by 9.4%(15.1%) annually between 1982 and 1990 on the basis of costant price(current price) and for this period, the yearly average increasing rate of expenses for outpatient care[10.5%(15.8%)] was higher than that of inpatient care [7.3%(12.6%)]. Medical expenditure increased by 6.3%(8.9%) annually between 1982 and 1987, the period of medical insurance demonstration, while it increased by 10.7%(18.9%) after implementing national health insurance(1988-1990). Medical expenditure increased by 35.9%(45.9%) between 1982 and 1987. Of this increase, 115.2%(92.1%) was attributable to the increase in the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and 61.0%(68.1%) was due to the increase in the charges per case, but the expenditure decreased by 76.2%(60.2%) due to the reduction in the number of beneficiaries. Beteen 1988 and 1990, the period of national health insurance, medical expenditure increased by 21.2%(41.4%). Of this increase, 87.5%(46.4%) was attributable to the increase in the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and 52.4%(73.4%) was due to the increase in the charges per case, and of the increase in the charges per case, 69.6%(40.8%) was attributable to the increase in the days of visit per case. Medical expenses per person in these areas increased by 78.2%(89.0%) between 1982 and 1987. Of this increase, 76.6%(69.1%) was attributable to the increase in the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and 23.4%(30.9%) was due to the increase in the charges per case. For this period, demand-pull factor was the major cause of the increase in medical expenses and the expenses per treatment day was the major attributable factor in cost-push inflation. Betwee 1988 and 1990, medical expenditure per person increased by 31.2%(53.1%). Of this increase, 60.8%(37.2%) was attributable to the demand-pull factor and 39.2%(62.8%) was due to the increase in the charges per case which was one of cost-push factors. In current price, the attributalbe rate of the charges per case which was one of cost-push factors was higher than that of utilization rate in the period of national health insurance as compared to the period of medical insurance demonstration. In consideration of above findings, demand-pull factor led the increase in medical expenditure between 1982 and 1987, the period of medical insurance medel trial, but after implementing national health insurance, the attributable rate of cost-push factor was increasing gradually. Thus we may conclude that for medical cost containment, it is requested to examine the new reimbursement method to control cost-push factor and service-intensity factor.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2019

Recently, due to labor shortages in rural areas within South Korea, the demand for upland-field machinery is growing. In addition, there is a lack of development of systematic performance testing of upland-field machinery. Thus, this study examined structural safety and drawbar pull based on soil properties, as a first step for systematic performance testing on the test bed. First, the properties of soil samples from 10 spots within the experimental site were examined. Second, the strain was measured and converted into stress on 8 points of an onion harvester that are likely to fail. More specifically, the chosen parts are linked to the power, along with the drawbar pull, using a 6-component load cell equipped between the tractor and the onion harvester. The water content of the soil ranged between 5.7%-7.5%, and the strength between 250-1171 kPa. The test soil was subsequently classified into loam soil based on the size distribution ratio of the sieved soil. The onion harvester can be considered as structurally safe based on the derived safety factor and the drawbar pull of 115-1194 kgf, according to the working speed based on agricultural fieldwork.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-97
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• 2012

이 연구는 중고령자의 근로여부와 근로시간 선호에 영향을 미치는 요인을 국가비교적 관점에서 경험적으로 분석하였으며, 특히 계층효과, 일에 대한 관점, 노동시장 구조의 배출효과와 사회보장제도 등의 유인요인 효과 등의 가설을 검증하기 위해 국제인식조사자료를 이용하여 18개국에 대한 다층분석을 수행하였다. 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 계층과 관계없이 대다수의 고령자들이 일하기를 원하며, 따라서 대다수 중고령자의 비근로는 일을 하지 않으려는 자발적인 선택이 아닐 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다. 둘째, 55-64세 집단에 있어서는 계층이 높을수록 일을 계속할 가능성이 높은 계층간 불평등이 발견되었다. 셋째, 근로여부와 근로시간 선호는 사회보장제도의 관대성보다는 시간제 근로비중 등 고령자에게 적합한 유연한 일자리가 제공되느냐에 더 영향을 받음을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 적어도 국가 비교적 관점에서 볼 때 고령자 근로의 핵심적인 문제는 노동공급측의 문제(즉 고령자의 근로의욕)라기보다는 노동수요측의 문제, 퇴직 유인의 문제보다는 일자리 상황과 구조의 문제라고 보여진다.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.43-69
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• 2021

Purpose Although companies occupied the network market take the advantageous position first and can be successful in securing users over a certain size, it is important to satisfy the customers' demand and prevent the outflow of users toward a new alternative SNS. What is more, there are frequent changes in the flow of users toward new SNSs. Despite these dynamic market circumstances, there is a lack of research to explain the switching behaviors of SNS users. Design/methodology/approach The objective of this study is to explain and verify a specified migration theory(Push-Pull-Mooring model) focused on SNS fatigue in the psychological point of view, as well as reviewing previous studies on functional and technical characteristics of SNSs themselves. Moreover, this study tried to highlight factors affecting users actual SNS switch rather than their switching intention. Findings According to the statistical analysis, the most influenced pull factor to switch SNS was the alternative attractiveness. On the other hand, undesired relationship burden, service innovation and important mooring factors to prevent users' SNS switch. This study has a significant contribution to the theory, which analyzed users' actual SNS switch, and examined SNS users' psychological factors(SNS fatigue), reviewing the characteristics of existing services. To secure more users and to keep them, companies providing social network service need to develop differentiated strategies by analyzing psychological characteristics of various users.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-62
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• 2009

Internet computing is a disruptive IT innovation. Semantic Web can be considered as an IT innovation because the Semantic Web technology possesses the potential to reduce information overload and enable semantic integration, using capabilities such as semantics and machine-processability. How should organizations adopt the Semantic Web? What factors affect the adoption and diffusion of Semantic Web innovation? Most studies on adoption and diffusion of innovation use empirical analysis as a quantitative research methodology in the post-implementation stage. There is criticism that the positivist requiring theoretical rigor can sacrifice relevance to practice. Rapid advances in technology require studies relevant to practice. In particular, it is realistically impossible to conduct quantitative approach for factors affecting adoption of the Semantic Web because the Semantic Web is in its infancy. However, in an early stage of introduction of the Semantic Web, it is necessary to give a model and some guidelines and for adoption and diffusion of the technology innovation to practitioners and researchers. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a model of adoption and diffusion of the Semantic Web and to offer propositions as guidelines for successful adoption through a qualitative research method including multiple case studies and in-depth interviews. The researcher conducted interviews with 15 people based on face-to face and 2 interviews by telephone and e-mail to collect data to saturate the categories. Nine interviews including 2 telephone interviews were from nine user organizations adopting the technology innovation and the others were from three supply organizations. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were recorded on digital voice recorder memory and subsequently transcribed verbatim. 196 pages of transcripts were obtained from about 12 hours interviews. Triangulation of evidence was achieved by examining each organization website and various documents, such as brochures and white papers. The researcher read the transcripts several times and underlined core words, phrases, or sentences. Then, data analysis used the procedure of open coding, in which the researcher forms initial categories of information about the phenomenon being studied by segmenting information. QSR NVivo version 8.0 was used to categorize sentences including similar concepts. 47 categories derived from interview data were grouped into 21 categories from which six factors were named. Five factors affecting adoption of the Semantic Web were identified. The first factor is demand pull including requirements for improving search and integration services of the existing systems and for creating new services. Second, environmental conduciveness, reference models, uncertainty, technology maturity, potential business value, government sponsorship programs, promising prospects for technology demand, complexity and trialability affect the adoption of the Semantic Web from the perspective of technology push. Third, absorptive capacity is an important role of the adoption. Fourth, suppler's competence includes communication with and training for users, and absorptive capacity of supply organization. Fifth, over-expectance which results in the gap between user's expectation level and perceived benefits has a negative impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Finally, the factor including critical mass of ontology, budget. visible effects is identified as a determinant affecting routinization and infusion. The researcher suggested a model of adoption and diffusion of the Semantic Web, representing relationships between six factors and adoption/diffusion as dependent variables. Six propositions are derived from the adoption/diffusion model to offer some guidelines to practitioners and a research model to further studies. Proposition 1 : Demand pull has an influence on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Proposition 1-1 : The stronger the degree of requirements for improving existing services, the more successfully the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 1-2 : The stronger the degree of requirements for new services, the more successfully the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 2 : Technology push has an influence on the adoption of the Semantic Web. Proposition 2-1 : From the perceptive of user organizations, the technology push forces such as environmental conduciveness, reference models, potential business value, and government sponsorship programs have a positive impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web while uncertainty and lower technology maturity have a negative impact on its adoption. Proposition 2-2 : From the perceptive of suppliers, the technology push forces such as environmental conduciveness, reference models, potential business value, government sponsorship programs, and promising prospects for technology demand have a positive impact on the adoption of the Semantic Web while uncertainty, lower technology maturity, complexity and lower trialability have a negative impact on its adoption. Proposition 3 : The absorptive capacities such as organizational formal support systems, officer's or manager's competency analyzing technology characteristics, their passion or willingness, and top management support are positively associated with successful adoption of the Semantic Web innovation from the perceptive of user organizations. Proposition 4 : Supplier's competence has a positive impact on the absorptive capacities of user organizations and technology push forces. Proposition 5 : The greater the gap of expectation between users and suppliers, the later the Semantic Web is adopted. Proposition 6 : The post-adoption activities such as budget allocation, reaching critical mass, and sharing ontology to offer sustainable services are positively associated with successful routinization and infusion of the Semantic Web innovation from the perceptive of user organizations.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

This study was attempted to grasp the push-pull factors of urban to rural migrants in relation to services and infrastructure of rural welfare and culture. Online and offline survey were conducted for urban residents who were willing to return to the rural area and those who were already returning to the rural area. In the fields of health care, social welfare, and education, it was found that the satisfaction level of urban-to-rural migrants was relatively higher than those of latent urban-to-rural migrants. In the field of culture, leisure and sports, the level of satisfaction and concern were similar, so it was found that the expectations for the field were relatively high before returning rural area. As for the agreement degree to expand support, the demand for emergency medical facilities and dementia care program was the highest, and the demand for health care was found to be relatively high. The results of the survey on the top priority items indicate that latent urban-to-rural migrants require support of facility and space item and expansion of program item, and urban-to-rural migrants have high demand for expansion of program item in all field except healthcare field. The results of this study are expected to provide useful information for establishing the direction of the rural area development project in connection with the revitalization of policy of people return to rural area.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2013

This study examined the key factors that significantly improved the demand of multi-habitation. It determined the factors at the macroscopic level (or push factors) and the microscopic level (or pull factors). Focusing on a microscopic viewpoint, this study looked at the process of settlement through investigating 78 MH residents in the Seoul metropolitan area. The survey included the questions, such as who they are, how they prepared for moving, and how much they enjoyed their rural lives. In addition, any differences in this process were analyzed depending on respondents' characteristics. Major findings are as follows: First, general macro-level circumstances seemed supportive for the MH lifestyles. Second, six keywords were determined to represent the recent MH trends. They are "semi-sedentism, clustering, young people, female, money, and policy". Third, the distances between the original towns for native residents and new second-home towns for MH residents affected the interactions among them. However, these two groups had better relationships when the second-home towns were apart from the original towns. I then considered the need of a buffer zone between the two residential areas for MH residents. The conceptual difference between MH residents (i.e., semi-sedentism) and original rural residents (i.e., sedentism) might require certain types of buffer zones to continue good relationships among them.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2021

한국경제는 지난 수십년간 정부의 수출전략정책에 힘입어 지속적으로 경제 성장을 이룩해왔으며, 수출의 증가는 경제의 효율성 향상, 고용창출, 기술개발 촉진 등 우리나라의 경제 성장을 견인하는 주도적인 역할을 해왔다. 전통적으로 우리나라 수출에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 크게 경제적 요인과 산업구조적 요인이라는 두가지 관점에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 첫번째, 경제적 요인은 환율과 글로벌 경기 변동과 관련된 것으로서, 환율이 우리나라 수출에 미치는 영향은 환율 수준 및 환율 변동성에 따른 영향으로 나누어 살펴볼 수 있으며, 글로벌 경기 변동은 세계 수입 수요에 영향을 미쳐 우리나라 수출을 좌우하는 절대적 요인으로 볼 수 있다. 두 번째, 산업구조적 요인은 국제 분업화의 둔화, 중국의 특정 수입품 자국내 대체 증가, 수출 주력 산업의 해외생산 형태 변화 등 산업이나 제품에 따라 발생한 고유한 특징이다. 가장 최근 글로벌 교류와 관련된 연구들을 살펴보면, 경제적 요인 및 산업구조적 요인과 더불어 문화적인 측면이 중요함을 여러 문헌에서 피력하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 각국의 한국 수입액 예측 모형에 문화적 요인을 함께 반영하여 예측 모형을 개발하고자 하였으며, 구체적으로 문화적 요인이 수입액에 미치는 영향을 PUSH-PULL 프레임워크 관점에서 반영해보고자 하였다. PUSH 관점은 한국이 자신의 브랜드를 개발하고 적극 홍보하는 관점으로 K-POP, K-FOOD, K-CULTURE 등으로 대표되는 한국의 브랜드에 대한 각국의 관심 정도로 정의할 수 있다. 또한, PULL 관점은 각 국가의 국민들의 문화적, 심리적 특징으로 해당 국가의 지배체계, 남성성, 위험 회피성, 시간에 대한 단기/장기 지향성 등으로 대표되는 각 국의 문화 코드로서 한류문화를 얼마나 수용할 성향을 띄고 있는지로 정의할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 최종 예측 모델의 고유한 특징은 Design Principle에 기반하여 설계한 것인데, 1) 신규로 추가한 데이터 소스를 통해 한국에 대한 관심 및 문화적 특성이 반영될 수 있는 모형으로 구축하였고, 2) 경제적 요인 등의 변화와 품목 및 국가 Code를 입력하면 예측값을 바로 불러올 수 있도록 실용적으로 편의성 있게 설계하였으며, 3) 이론적으로도 의미 있는 결과를 도출하기 위해서 입력과 목표 변수간의 관계를 해석 가능한 알고리즘을 중심으로 설계하였다는 점이다. 본 연구는 기술적 측면, 경제적 측면, 정책적 측면에서 의미 있는 시사점을 제시할 수 있으며, 수입액 예측 모형을 활용하여 중소·중견기업의 수출 지원 전략에 의미 있는 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 서비스연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2019

본 연구는 제4차 산업혁명과 기술 상용화에 대해 논의하고, 기술 상용화에 영향을 미치는 성공 요인을 문헌 연구를 통하여 도출하여, 제4차 산업혁명을 주도하는 산업계 경영진에게 설문을 통하여 이들 요인을 실증적으로 검증하였다. 문헌연구 결과 기술 상용화에 영향을 미치는 11가지 성공 요인은'대화와 소통','경영층 지원','경영에 대한 이해','기술 상용화의 이해','관련자간의 협력','기술 상용화 장려책','공동목표 인식','정부 지원','기술 상용화 경험', '기술의 구체성','수요자 요청 기술'이었다. 404부의 설문지를 제4차 산업혁명 업계에 속하는 기업의 CEO와 CIO에게 발송하였고, 최종 응답률은 64.4%(260부)로서 상당히 높은 참여율을 보였다. 응답자들은 제4차 산업혁명의 기술 상용화에 가장 중요한 요인으로'관련자간의 협력'을 꼽았고, 뒤이어'경영층 지원','대화와 소통','공동 목표 인식','기술 상용화에 대한 이해'순으로 평가하였다. 기업이 제4차 산업혁명의 기술 상용화 프로젝트의 성공 가능성을 제고하기 위해서는, 본 연구에서 높은 평가를 받은 성공 요인들에 높은 관심을 가지고 사업을 추진하여야 할 것이다.