• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2013

The performances of indoor air cleaners including particle cleaning capacity and collection efficiency are usually tested at the condition of the maximum air flow rate of the air cleaners. However, the power consumption of the air cleaners is highly dependent on the air flow rate of the individual air cleaners. Therefore, there seems to be an optimized air flow rate for the air cleaning capacity considering power consumption. In this study, clean air delivery rate(or standard useful area as suggested room size) and power consumption have been investigated for different maximum air flow rates of 15 air cleaners and then compared those for different air flow rate modes of the individual 5 air cleaners selected from the 15 cleaners. For the maximum air flow rate conditions of 15 air cleansers, the power consumption per unit area was less related to the maximum air flow rate. However, for the different air flow rate modes of the selected 5 air cleaners, the lower power consumption per unit area was corresponding to the lower air flow rate mode of the individual air cleaners. When considering the operation time to the desired particle concentrations, there was an optimized one in the medium air flow rate modes for the individual air cleaners. Therefore, not only the maximum air flow rate but also lower air flow rates of individual air cleaners should be considered for estimating air cleaning capacity based on energy consumption per unit area.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.499-507
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to explore nursing needs during labor pain that had been suffered by women who have given birth. It is essential to identify the nursing needs in order to solve nursing problems and to provide better care for the parturients. The sample consisted of 20 women of primiparas and 17 women of multiparas. They underwent normal labor and delivered a healthy baby at term. The data had been collected through the unstructured interviews conducted 1-2 days after delivery in the admission room from March 1998 to March 1999. On average, the interviews lasted for about 30 minutes. Interviews were taken with the consent of the subjects. The data are categorized according to the similarities of their contents. Seventeen subordinate categories and six superordinate categories have been identified. Six superordinate categories are 1) physical nursing needs 2) nursing needs of medical behavior 3) emotional nursing needs 4) informational and teaching nursing needs 5) nursing needs of pain control 6) nursing needs of respect(personality). Seventeen subordinate categories include: comfortable posture, touch, professional knowledge and techniques, duty execution, support, company and talk, stable surroundings, reassurance, information on delivery, explanation of medical behavior, information on surroundings, instruction on the case of pain, arbitrary adjustment, artificial adjustment, respect, interest and reflection of opinions. The result of this research is the same as that of foreign research and the items of the questionnaire in Korea are the same as the foreign one. Despite the same result, however, this dissertation is significant in that the research identifies the parturients nursing needs and classified the data and thus the basis has been formed to develop the tools to assess the nursing needs of the Korean parturients. The findings can be used as the guide for nursing intervention of parturients.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2009

In order to utilize natural gas (NG), one of the clean energy sources in next-generation, as a fuel for vehicles, it is important to store natural gas with high density. To store NG by adsorption (ANG) at room temperature and at relatively low pressure(35~40 atm) is safe and economical compared with compressed NG and liquefied NG. However, so far no adsorbent is reported to have adsorption capacity suitable for commercial applications. Nanoporous materials including metal-organic frameworks can be potential adsorbents for ANG. In this review, physicochemical properties of adsorbents necessary for high adsorption capacity are summarized. Wide surface area, large micropore volume, suitable pore size and high density are necessary for high energy density. Moreover, low adsorption-desorption energy, rapid adsorption-desorption kinetics and high delivery are needed. Recently, various efforts have been reported to utilize nanoporous materials in ANG, and it is expected to develop a nanoporous material suitable for ANG.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for the establishment of a Heavy Ion Therapy center by analyzing the cases of Heavy Ion Therapy devices, introducing the equipment and space composition of Heavy Ion Therapy equipments. Methods: This study is carried out by study the Heavy Ion Therapy, by figure out status of the installation of treatment centers around the world and by analyze the composition of Heavy Ion Therapy equipments and spaces through case studies. Results: The results of this study, which investigated the treatment of Heavy Ion Therapy and analyzed the plans of the five Heavy Ion Therapy centers, are summarized as follows. 1) Heavy Ion equipment requires a significant floor area. Vertical as well, many cross-sectional areas need to be secured for the construction of a delivery system. The Heavy Ion Therapy device should be built as a shielded wall because of the radiation leaking. Therefore, it is necessary to consist of a independent treatment center. 2) The size of Heavy Ion devices is getting smaller. Linac can be put into syncrotron. and the size of syncrotron, delivery system, and rotating-gantry is getting smaller. 3) Japan is often installed for treatment, and control rooms are integrated, while Europe has secured research space and each control room is separated. Implications: People are not familiar with the Heavy Ion Therapy. And the effectiveness of the treatment is not well promoted yet. Hopefully, more attention will be paid to the research involved in the Heavy Ion Therapy.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 2022

Although social economy organizations have achieved quantitative growth in various types and fields, they have been mainly promoted by the government, and there is still room for qualitative improvement, such as institutional reorganization, support systems and support methods, compared to advanced countries. In this study, the problems of social economy organizations, the current status and actual analysis of social economy organizations, the policy delivery system, obstacles to the development of social economy organizations, and problems of activation, etc. were reviewed through previous studies. Through this, policy directions and tasks for revitalization of future social economy organizations were presented. As a result, the policy direction for revitalization of social economy organizations requires private and local government initiatives, expansion of fields, customized support for the creation of a growth ecosystem, and various linkage cooperation. Organizational capacity development and education, reinforcement of various linkage cooperation systems, creation of an investment ecosystem, and joint market development are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2016

Background: Since the use of opioid analgesics is frequent in operation rooms (OR), the risk of medication error is high; however the use of medication in the OR has been operating independently with the hospital pharmacy. Therefore, the assessment on management of medication use in operation and the pharmacist's role is needed. Methods: We conducted the literature review and survey from anesthesiologists, operating nurses at Chung-Ang Hospital on management of medication for operation use, awareness on need for medication management efficiency, need for satellite pharmacy in the operating room and its effect. Results: 56% of medical staffs responded that management of medication in the operating room is efficient; however, 82.6% responded that they felt the inconvenience in medication delivery to the OR when additional prescription was ordered. 51.5% also responded that extra time was required for management of narcotics and inventory/record keeping. 80% agreed that there could be lost costs due to prescription missed. Medical staffs responded improving the drug management system could increase the OR efficiency (87%), and eventually bring the increase in hospital revenue (80.4%). Those who responded that implementation of OR satellite pharmacy was needed include physicians (84.6%), nurses (63.6%), and also responded that it'd bring more profit to the hospital by increasing the efficiency in OR (60.9%). Conclusion: For efficient management of medications, implementation of OR satellite pharmacy would lead to improved drug management and increased efficiency in OR and reduced cost and improved patient care.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.317-318
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to design and develop the circuit of the dual mode syringe pump. Syringe pump is used in intensive care unit, delivery room, pediatric room, operating theater and other fields of hospital at present. Normally the syringe pump delivers one medicine in one case, but in case of intensive care unit, it is necessary to deliver more than two kinds of medicines at a time. Therefore we have designed dual mode syringe pump. We used RISC type microcontroller, PIC17C44 as master controller, and PIC16C73 as slave cpu using for the low power consumption. The performance of system is evaluated by analysis of the linearity and accuracy which is the most important factors in application. While the proposed system shows a acceptable linearity and accuracy, a further research about reducing the errorr should be done.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.344-351
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• 2004

Poly(ethylene glycol)-based diblock and triblock polyester copolymers stimulating to temperature were studied as injectable biomaterials in drug delivery system because of their nontoxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. We synthesized the diblock copolymers consisting of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) (M$_{n}$=750 g/mole) and poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) (PCL) by ring opening polymerization of $\varepsilon$-CL with MPEG as an initiator in the presence of HCl . Et$_2$O. The aqueous solution of synthesized diblock copolymers represented sol phase at room temperature and a sol to gel phase transition as the temperature increased from room temperature to body temperature. To confirm the in vivo gel formation, we observed the formation of gel in the mice body after injection of 20 wt% aqueous solution of each block copolymer. After 2 months, we observed the maintenance of gel without dispersion in mice. In this study, we synthesized diblock copolymers exhibiting sol-gel phase transition and confirmed the feasibility as biomaterials of injectable implantation.n.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.43
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• pp.272.1-272.12
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• 2018

Background: In Korea, the breastfeeding (BF) rate of infants aged 6 months or more is drastically decreasing, and this phenomenon is particularly worrisome for the future health of the population. The present study aimed to identify an antenatal strategy for initiation and continuation of human BF, and to identify how Baby-Friendly Hospitals (BFHs) may positively influence the intention to breastfeed. Methods: A total of 414 pregnant Korean antenatal women were surveyed using questionnaires to determine current knowledge of the benefits of human breast milk, whether they planned to breastfeed after delivery, to continue BF after reinstatement in the workforce, are willing to abide by rooming-in care for infants, and plan to give birth at BFHs. Results: We found that planning room-in care, greater awareness of BF benefits for infant and mother, participation in antenatal education programs, and provision of BF facilities in the workplace were positively associated with plans for exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and longer BF duration. The mothers who planned to give birth at BFHs also desired to breastfeed immediately after birth, implement in-room care, continue BF at their workplace, participate in antenatal BF educational programs, and were more aware of the benefits of BF. Conclusion: If the beneficial effects of BFHs were well known to individuals, these would enhance the success rate of BF in Korea. Antenatal education and consequent acquisition of better knowledge of the benefits of BF are important for increasing the rate of BF practices.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2021

Purpose: This study summarized architectural planning data for clinical practice spaces for CPX/OSCE and Simulation spaces, through analysis of domestic and foreign literature and a survey of domestic colleges of medicine. Methods: This study analyzed the architectural planning elements of the clinical practice spaces of the college of medicine, through a literature review on the clinical practice space and the survey of four recently established colleges of medicine. Results: ① It is desirable to plan the floor plan type for Simulation and CPX/OSCE spaces as a corridor-separated type that separates the circulations between students and staff (faculty). ② The simulation area arranges their practice rooms around the control space where the circulation of the staff is made. Conversely, it is desirable to arrange the CPX/OSCE rooms around the test waiting room where students enter. ③ It is desirable to separate access to the staff and students to allow student control, and to install various support spaces facing the staff corridor to secure the movement of equipment and the flow of evaluators. ④ In the simulation area, the equipment stored in the storage must be set in each room before the practice according to the setting of delivery or surgery like, and the equipment that has been removed must be back, so the circulation is short and does not intersect with the student circulations. ⑤ Debriefing rooms, seminar rooms, etc. are arranged in the staff area for review and discussion of clinical situations where practice and evaluation have been completed. Implications: It is important to configure an appropriate movement system and spatial zoning for each space for simulation and CPX/OSCE.