• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.998-1005
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• 2006

The effects of imipramine on A-type delayed rectifier $K^{+}$ currents and ATP-sensitive $K^{+}\;(K_{ATP)$ currents were studied in isolated murine proximal colonic myocytes using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Depolarizing test pulses between-80 mV and +30 mV with 10 mV increments from the holding potential of-80 mV activated voltage-dependent outward $K^{+}$ currents that peaked within 50 ms followed by slow decreasing sustained currents. Early peak currents were inhibited by the application of 4-aminopyridine, whereas sustained currents were inhibited by the application of TEA. The peak amplitude of A-type delayed rectifier $K^{+}$ currents was reduced by external application of imipramine. The half-inactivation potential and the half-recovery time of A-type delayed rectifier $K^{+}$ currents were not changed by imipramine. With 0.1 mM ATP and 140 mM $K^{+}$ in the pipette and 90 mM $K^{+}$ in the bath solution and a holding potential of -80 mV, pinacidil activated inward currents; this effect was blocked by glibenclamide. Imipramine also inhibited $K_{ATP}$ currents. The inhibitory effects of imipramine in A-type delayed rectifier $K^{+}$ currents and $K_{ATP}$ currents were not changed by guanosine 5-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) ($GDP{\beta}S$) and chelerythrine, a protein kinase C inhibitor. These results suggest that imipramine inhibits A-type delayed rectifier $K^{+}$ currents and $K_{ATP}$ currents in a manner independent of G-protein and protein kinase C.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.977-982
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• 1995

Early repair of complex congenital heart malformation may lead to life-threatening respiratory and hemodynamic embarrassment on sternal closure. We performed delayed sternal closure in nine neonates to avoid a fatal outcome in these situations. Primary elective open sternum was used in 8 [66.7% and primary sternal closure in 4 [33.3% of the 12 patients studied. one patient with primary sternal closure underwent delayed sternal reopening in the intensive care unit. Of the 9 patients with open sternum, 2 patients died of low cardiac output and acute renal failure respectively before delayed sternal closure. 7 patients could undergo delayed sternal closures 3 days after initial operation. The mean age at open cardiac procedure was 14.3 days [range 3 to 30 and mean preoperative weight was 3.4kg [range 2.8 to 4.1 . The aortic cross-clamping time was longer in the group with open sternum than the group with closed sternum [p=0.042 . There was no morbidity and mortality related to delayed sternal closure. Given the low morbidity and potential benifits, this technique should be used in neonates after open heart procedures when postoperative mediastinal compression produces frank low cardiac output or respiratoy compromise during a trial of sternal closure.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2020

[Purpose] In this literature review we aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which occurs after exercise, and evaluate related parameters to propose practical recommendations for the field of exercise physiology. [Methods] Experimental studies conducted on curcumin supplementation and DOMS were systematically reviewed to determine (1) the effect of curcumin supplementation on DOMS, (2) potential mechanisms by which curcumin supplementation may attenuate DOMS, and (3) practical considerations for curcumin supplementation. [Results] While several studies have reported that curcumin supplementation attenuates DOMS after exercise, others have reported that curcumin supplementation has no effect on DOMS. Several mechanisms have been proposed by which curcumin supplementation may attenuate DOMS; the most probable of which is a reduction in inflammatory response. Other potential mechanisms include modulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) or changes in post-exercise capillary lactate levels; these require further examination. The usual recommended dose of curcumin is 150-1500 mg daily (sometimes up to 5 g), divided into 2-3 portions and taken before and after exercise. It is not necessary to take curcumin together with piperine. [Conclusion] Although conflicting results regarding the effects of curcumin supplementation on DOMS exist in literature, it may be considered as a method of nutritional intervention for reducing post-exercise DOMS.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2014

Objective: Under estrogen deficiency, blastocysts cannot initiate implantation and enter dormancy. Dormant blastocysts live longer in utero than normal blastocysts, and autophagy has been suggested as a mechanism underlying the sustained survival of dormant blastocysts during delayed implantation. Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway and a central component of the integrated stress response. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced within cells during normal metabolism, but their levels increase dramatically under stressful conditions. We investigated whether heightened autophagy in dormant blastocysts is associated with the increased oxidative stress under the unfavorable condition of delayed implantation. Methods: To visualize ROS production, day 8 (short-term dormancy) and day 20 (long-term dormancy) dormant blastocysts were loaded with $1-{\mu}M$ 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-$H_2DCFDA$). To block autophagic activation, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and wortmannin were used in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Results: We observed that ROS production was not significantly affected by the status of dormancy; in other words, both dormant and activated blastocysts showed high levels of ROS. However, ROS production was higher in the dormant blastocysts of the long-term dormancy group than in those of the short-term group. The addition of wortmannin to dormant blastocysts in vitro and 3-MA injection in vivo significantly increased ROS production in the short-term dormant blastocysts. In the long-term dormant blastocysts, ROS levels were not significantly affected by the treatment of the autophagy inhibitor. Conclusion: During delayed implantation, heightened autophagy in dormant blastocysts may be operative as a potential mechanism to reduce oxidative stress. Further, ROS may be one of the potential causes of compromised developmental competence of long-term dormant blastocysts after implantation.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2011

Background: Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) is characterized by the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia, and is considered a variant form of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Although some cases of delayed-onset facial palsy in MFS have been reported, the characteristics of this facial palsy are poorly described in the literature. Methods: Between 2007 and 2010, six patients with MFS were seen at our hospital. Delayed facial palsy, defined as a facial palsy that developed while the other symptoms of MFS began to improve following intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, was confirmed in four patients. The clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of delayed facial palsy in MFS, as observed in these patients, are described here. Results: Four patients with delayed-onset facial palsy were included. Delayed facial palsy developed 8-16 days after initial symptom onset (5-9 days after treatment). Unilateral facial palsy occurred in three patients and asymmetric facial diplegia in one patient. The House-Brackmann score of facial palsy was grade III in one patient, IV in two patients, and V in one patient. None of the patients complained of posterior auricular pain. Facial nerve conduction studies revealed normal amplitude in all four patients. The blink reflex showed abnormal prolongation in two patients and the absence of action potential formation in two patients. Facial palsy resolved completely in all four patients within 3 months. Conclusions: Delayed facial palsy is a frequent symptom in MFS and resolves completely without additional treatment. Thus, standard treatment and patient reassurance are sufficient in most cases.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 1997년도 제2차 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.20-20
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• 1997

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the potential of 70% ethanol extract from Persicaria nepalensis (PNE) as a cosmetic ingredient by primary skin irritation, ocular irritation, and maximization tests for delayed hypersensitivity in New Zealand white rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. Skin safety study was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of PNE using the primary irritation test. In the primary irritation test, 50% PNE was applied to the skin, and no adverse reactions such as erythema and edema were observed at the intact skin sites. Therefore, PNE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on a primary irritation index of "0.0.". In the ocular irritation test, the 50% PNE applied did not show any adverse reactions in the different parts of rabbit eyes, including the cornea, iris, and conjunctiva. Thus, PNE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on an acute ocular irritation index of "0.0.". Skin sensitization was tested by the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) and Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) using an intradermal injection of 10% PNE. Edema and erythema were not observed 24 and 48 h after the topical application of PNE in skin sensitization test, which exhibited a sensitization score of "0.0.". Therefore, it can be suggested that P. nepalensis could be used as potential candidates for cosmoceutical ingredients, without any major side effects.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2010

We investigated the effects of a hot-water extract of Artemisia iwayomogi, a plant belonging to family Compositae, on cardiac ventricular delayed rectifier $K^+$ current ($I_K$) using the patch clamp technique. The carbohydrate fraction AIP1 dose-dependently increased the heart rate with an apparent $EC_{50}$ value of $56.1{\pm}5.5\;{\mu}g/ml$. Application of AIP1 reduced the action potential duration (APD) in concentration-dependent fashion by activating $I_K$ without significantly altering the resting membrane potential ($IC_{50}$ value of $APD_{50}$: $54.80{\pm}2.24$, $IC_{50}$ value of $APD_{90}$: $57.45{\pm}3.47\;{\mu}g/ml$). Based on the results, all experiments were performed with $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ of AIP1. Pre-treatment with the rapidly activating delayed rectifier $K^+$ current ($I_{Kr}$) inhibitor, E-4031 prolonged APD. However, additional application of AIP1 did not reduce APD. The inhibition of slowly activating delayed rectifier $K^+$ current ($I_{Ks}$) by chromanol 293B did not change the effect of AIP1. AIP1 did not significantly affect coronary arterial tone or ion channels, even at the highest concentration of AIP1. In summary, AIP1 reduces APD by activating $I_{Kr}$ but not $I_{Ks}$. These results suggest that the natural product AIP1 may provide an adjunctive therapy of long QT syndrome.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.46-49
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• 2021

Acute compartment syndrome occurs when pressure increases within closed compartments due to injuries causing soft tissue damage. Delayed treatment can lead to undesirable consequences. This paper reports a three-year-old patient in whom a fasciotomy was performed successfully despite the potential side effects. Fasciotomy may be considered when the diagnosis and clinical symptoms of delayed compartment syndrome are clear. This study determined that the three-year-old patient would undergo a relatively smooth recovery compared to elderly patients of advanced age. Because the dorsalis pedis artery pulse was palpable, an emergency surgical treatment was performed to restore the damaged tissues and prevent further necrosis. The patient has shown a satisfactory recovery.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 1998

The diurnal changes of the stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf water potential were measured in order to assess the water relations characteristics of Pueraria thunbergiana in August of 1995 and 1996. The results showed two different responses depending on the duration of rainless days. The microclimatic conditions were highly stressful on 2 August. Daily maximum temperature reached to $39.0{\circ}C$ and vapor pressure deficit was 3.55 KPa. During this time the leaf water potential decreased to -1.02 MPa and a marked reduction of stomatal conductance was shown. However, on 15 August the stomatal conductance increased with increment of photon flux density, and transpiration was highly maintained during the day time. Minimum leaf water potential was only -0.47 MPa in spite of high transpiration rate. Furthermore, on 15 August reduced leaf water potential during the day time was recovered rapidly with decrease of photon flux density, whereas recovery of leaf water potential on 2 August was delayed. However, reduced leaf water potential on 2 August was recovered untile the next dawn. Osmotic potential at turgor loss point of Pueraria thunbergiana on 2, 3 and 15 August was -1.79, -1.70 and -1.60 MPa, respectively. The vapor pressure deficit is more contributive to the regulation of stomatal conductance than leaf water potential.