• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1065-1071
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• 2001

Delayed onset muscle soreness is a sensation of discomfort that occurs 24 h after exercise, and it is associated with the performance of unfamiliar and high force muscle work, such as eccentric contractions. The injury to the muscle has been well described but the mechanism underlying the injury is not fully understood. Although the pathophysiological processes underlying delayed onset muscle soreness are not completely understood, many researchers have investigated various treatments in a attempt to reduce the soreness. Physical therapy is the most importance techniques to reduce delayed onset muscle soreness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a cryotherapt on DOMS. Thirty subjects were randomly assigned to experimental group : control, cryotherapy, and placebo group. Elbow flexion range, mechanical pain threshold. and subjective pain were measured 30 min before DOMS was induced and 24, 48, 72 hours after DOMS was induced. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Elbow flexion range showed significant difference each time, especially at 48 and 72 hours 2. Mechanical pain thershold and subjectively pain showed no significant difference between group.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.39-43
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• 2020

[Purpose] In this literature review we aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which occurs after exercise, and evaluate related parameters to propose practical recommendations for the field of exercise physiology. [Methods] Experimental studies conducted on curcumin supplementation and DOMS were systematically reviewed to determine (1) the effect of curcumin supplementation on DOMS, (2) potential mechanisms by which curcumin supplementation may attenuate DOMS, and (3) practical considerations for curcumin supplementation. [Results] While several studies have reported that curcumin supplementation attenuates DOMS after exercise, others have reported that curcumin supplementation has no effect on DOMS. Several mechanisms have been proposed by which curcumin supplementation may attenuate DOMS; the most probable of which is a reduction in inflammatory response. Other potential mechanisms include modulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) or changes in post-exercise capillary lactate levels; these require further examination. The usual recommended dose of curcumin is 150-1500 mg daily (sometimes up to 5 g), divided into 2-3 portions and taken before and after exercise. It is not necessary to take curcumin together with piperine. [Conclusion] Although conflicting results regarding the effects of curcumin supplementation on DOMS exist in literature, it may be considered as a method of nutritional intervention for reducing post-exercise DOMS.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a painful condition that arises from exercise-induced muscle damage after unaccustomed physical activities. Various therapeutic interventions have been applied to reduce the intensity and duration of DOMS-related symptoms. Recently, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) intervention has been introduced as an alternative noninvasive treatment for DOMS. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment was conducted to examine the effects of PEMF therapy on DOMS in elbow flexors at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the experimental DOMS induction. Thirty healthy volunteers ($23{\pm}2.4$ yrs, $175{\pm}5.7$ cm, and $74{\pm}7.8$ kg) participated in this study. Each was randomly assigned to a PEMF or placebo group. On the first day, DOMS was induced in the elbow flexors by repeated isokinetic motions at low ($60^{\circ}/s$) and fast ($120^{\circ}/s$) speeds in all subjects. Thereafter, the PEMF group received 15-min daily treatment with a PEMF device. The placebo group received sham treatment of the same duration. Overall, PEMF application was more effective than the sham treatment in reducing the physiological symptoms associated with the DOMS including perceived soreness, median frequency, and electromechanical delay of the surface electromyography. In addition, median frequency and isokinetic peak torque of the PEMF group recovered to the pre-DOMS induction level earlier than the placebo group. In conclusion, this study suggests that PEMF can be applied as a new recovery strategy in reducing DOMS symptoms. Further experiments are required to examine the effect of the PEMF treatment on different types of exercise conditions and to determine the optimal treatment dosage and duration in a real clinical setting.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

This study was designed to investigate the effect of vibratory stimulation on recovery of muscle function from delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Volunteers performed 3 set of 70 % maximal voluntary eccentric muscle contraction and induced DOMS. volunteers were allocated to one of three treatment group after DOMS : group I (control), group II (ultrasound), group III (vibration). Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Range Of Motion (ROM), Root Mean Square (RMS), Median frequency (MDF), Blood Serum Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were recorded at baseline, and 24, 48, 72 hours post-exercise. In MVIC measurement, there was a statistically significant difference in group III compared to group I (p < .05). In VAS measurements, there were a statistically significant difference in group II and III compared to group I (p < .05). In ROM measurement, there was a statistically difference in group II and III compared to group I (p < .05). In Muscle Volume with Ultrasonography measurement, there was no statistically significant difference in any groups (p > .05). In RMS and MDF measurement, there were a statistically significant difference in group II and III compared to group I (p < .05). In Blood samples of CK and LDH measurements, There were no statistically significant difference in any groups (p > .05). From the above result, Vibratory stimulation had a positive effect on recovery of muscle function from delayed onset muscle soreness. Further studies should be undertaken to ascertain the more effectiveness of vibratory stimulation and may be a promising treatment modality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of specific frequency and application timing of microcurrent (MC) on the mechanical property of muscle caused by delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Methods : The subjects were 32 healthy adults with 8 subjects randomly assigned to four groups (I; 40 Hz MC while inducing DOMS, II; 40 Hz MC immediately after inducing DOMS, III; 284 Hz MC while inducing DOMS, IV; 284 Hz MC immediately after inducing DOMS). DOMS is applied to the biceps brachii muscle while MC was applied at an intensity of $300{\mu}A$ for 10 minutes. The mechanical properties of muscle were measured before and immediately after DOMS. Results : In terms of muscle tone, there were significant differences in interaction effects between time and groups. Regarding muscle elasticity and stiffness, there were no significant differences in interaction effects between time and groups but there were only significant differences in main effects based on time. Conclusion : The results indicated that 40 Hz MC had an effect on reducing muscle tone regardless of application timing. However, both 40 Hz and 284 Hz MC did not trigger changes in muscle elasticity and stiffness regardless of application timing.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.653-664
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• 2001

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was the sensation of discomfort and stiffness in the muscle, often after taking part in unaccustomed physical activity. No universally accepted treatment exist. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of cryotherapy and intermittent compression on the delayed onset muscle soreness. Flexion elbow joint position and extension(Universal Goniometer). pain(Muscle Soreness Rating Scale) and mechanical pain threshold(Algometer) were measured before 30minutes DOMS was induced.The data were analyzed by measure of Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The result were as follow; 1. There were no significantly differences between groups or over time in relation to range of motion. 2. Muscle Soreness Rating was significantly high in cryotherapy and intermittent compression at 48, 72 hours after DOMS was induced(p<.05). 3. Mechanical pain threshold begin to increased at 24 hours and significantly in cryotherapy and intermittent compression groups at 48, 72 hours after DOMS was induced(p>.05). 4. A negative Correlation between muscle soreness rating scale and mechanical Pain threshold graphs at 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise indicated in cryotherapy and intermittent compression groups.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Purpose : Delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of both trascutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) Micro current(MC) and only normal Therapy on Delyed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). Method : The Methods ten untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (60Hz) MC($60{\mu}A$, 3pps) a control group that received no MC treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24hours and 48hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of paining(visual analogue scale: VAS) and CK(Creatine kinase) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Results : 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by two-way repeated ANOVA. The Results that t-test for VAS revealed significant differences within TENS group. 3) The t-test for VAS, and Creatine Kinase of time revealed significant differences within MC group. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both TENS and MENS had effect on DOMS.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Purpose : We investigated the effects of microcurrent(MC) electrical stimulation on each intensity($100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$ - 30pps frequency was same) on delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Methods : Subjects were assigned randomly divided into three groups of eight for three different treatment protocoals($100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$-experimental groups). Twenty-four healthy males and females subjects were participated in this study. All subjects performed eccentric exercise of elbow flexor(biceps brachii) until exhausted. The measured items of elbow flexor muscle strength were Nicholas Manual Muscle Taster(NMMT). The measured items of elbow joint range of motion ROM) were Goniometer. The measured items of elbow flexor muscle pain were visual analogue scale(VAS). Treatment were applied at 30 minute exercise after and again at 24 hours and at 48 hours and at 72 hours after. Measurements were taken after treatment. Analysis of Results using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA) and post hoc tests were as follows: two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement for muscle strength, flexion ROM, extension ROM and VAS. Results : This results showed eccentric exercise casused DOMS, DOMS response to eccentric exercise were reduces by microcurrent therapy. DOMS was significant decreased at $100{\mu}A,\;200{\mu}A,\;500{\mu}A$. Muscle strength was significant difference at all intensity. Elbow flexion ROM was significant difference at all intensity but elbow extension ROM was insignificant difference at all intensity. VAS score was significant difference at $100{\mu}A$ and $500{\mu}A$ but insignificant difference at $200{\mu}A$. All experimental groups showed insignificant difference with all intensity MENS. Conclusion : These findings indicate that microcurrent therapy is had effect on recovery from exercise induced muscle damage. In our's suggestion, microcurrent therapy is particularly more appropriate therapeutic modality.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.859-864
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vibration on Golgi tendon organ(GTO) and Hold-Relax of PNF in muscular activity and gait factors on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). This study was conducted on 20 subjects. they were divided into two groups; Hold-Relax of PNF(n=10), Vibration on GTO(n=10). Both of the group was performed interventions 1 times a day for 3 days. The data was analyzed by the repeated-ANOVA for comparing before, after 24h and after 48h changes of factors in each group and the Independent t-test for comparing the between groups. The results are as follows. There was statistically significant difference of before, after 24h and after 48h vibration on GTO group and Hold-Relax of PNF group in muscular activity and gait factors on DOMS.(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference of between vibration on GTO group, but there was statistically significant difference Hold-Relax of PNF group in EMG, step width, step length, stride length(p>0.05). As a results of this study, Hold-Relax of PNF group are effective in improving muscular activity and gait factors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and He-Ne laser at auricular point on delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Twenty healthy adult males and females performed eccentric exercise of the elbow flexor. DOMS was induced in a standardised fashion in the nondominant elbow flexor of all subject by repeated eccentric exercise. Subject were assigned randomly to one of trees groups. Group 1 received TENS to the appropriate auricular point for biceps pain, Group 2 received laser to the appropriate auricular point for wrist pain, Group 3 received no treatment and served as controls. After exercise, treatments were applied at 24 hours and at 48 hours and at 72 hours after. Group 1 showed stastically significant increase(p<0.05) in pain threshold after treatment whereas the Group 2 and 3 did not. Group 1 showed a significant increase in pain threshold than Group 2. These results suggest that TENS has the capability to higher pain threshold but laser does not.