• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.212-219
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• 2003

The effect of GnRH and/or hCG on the implantation, pregnancy, and the concentration of plasma estradiol and progesterone were studied in pregnant rats. GnRH 50, or 100ug and/or hCG 50 or 100 IU were administered once on day 2 or 9 of gestation, respectively. Rats were autopsied on days 8 or 16. Administration of GnRH on day 2 did not induce the prevention of implantation and termination of pregnancy but was able to induce termination of pregnancy administering on day 9. Administration of hCG induced delayed implantation on day 2 and termination of pregnancy on day 2 and 9. Administration of GnRH concomitant with hCG had no effect on prevention of implantation on day 2 but induced termination of pregnancy with a very increased fetal resorption on day 2 and with a moderate increased fetal resorption on day 9. Administration of GnRH concomitant with hCG on day 2 induced more increased termination of pregnancy compared to injection of GnRH or HCG and opposite result was observed on day 9. Plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations by administering GnRH and/or hCG had no effect on the termination of pregnancy the pregnant rats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 1986

Experiments were performed on mice to investigate the effects of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) on Arthus reaction, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Mice were sensitized iv with 0.1ml of 1% SRBC suspension were treated with a single ip injection of olive oil alone or with different doses of MCA in oil (0.5~50mg/Kg) at various time before (-) or after (+) sensitization (day 0) and were challenged at 4 days after SRBC. Arthus reaction was measured at 3 hours after challenge and other responses at 24 hours. Treatment with MCA inhibited Arthus reaction and DTH to SRBC, measured by footpad swelling reaction, and this immunosuppressing effect was dependent on the dose and time of MCA treatment in relation to SRBC sensitization. Humoral immune responses as measured by serum hemagglutinin-and hemolysin-titers to SRBC were significantly depressed when MCA was injected before or at the same time of sensitization. However, the response was slightly depressed when injected after SRBC. These results indicate that MCA suppress the function of the cells involved in immune responses.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.22 no.9 s.184
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• pp.771-780
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• 1984

To observe the healing process of the gingival wound in diabetic condition, the author induced diabetes mellitus by intravascular injection of streptozotocin in rat tail vein and made fresh wound in rat mandibular posterior gingiva using scalpel. The healing processes of gingival wound were examined periodically by light microscopy. The results were as follows. 1) The healing was completed at second week in control group, but it delayed until fourth week in experimental group and the organization was persisted for first two weeks. 2) The inflamed gingiva of dibetic rat demonstrated scanty polymorphonuclear lerkocytic infiltration at the early stage of experiment, but it soon became numerous as in cotrol group and the lymphocytic infiltrations were same degree as in control group. 3) The tissue destruction was broader in the experimental group than in the control group. The epithelization was began at the early stage of healing and the epithelial attachment was reformed with the completion of the wound healing. 4) Loss of Sharpey's fibers and destruction of cementum and alveolar bone were observed with the inflammatroy reaction, but these were reformed with the completion of the wound healing.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2014

The resistance against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in wild marine crab Gaetice depressus by the immunization of a recombinant glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fused VP28 protein (GST-VP28) was evaluated. The cumulative mortalities of GST-VP28 injected groups were lower than those of the control groups at 10 days of post-challenge, and the time to death of 50% crab ($TD_{50}$) was delayed by the immunization using GST-VP28. The group boosted with GST-VP28 after 2 weeks of primary immunization clearly showed longer $TD_{50}$ than non-boosted group against challenge with WSSV. This result suggests that boosting with the antigen protein elicit stronger immune responses similar to adaptive immune responses of vertebrates. However, the short $TD_{50}$ was observed in the group challenged at 3 weeks post boosting comparing to the group challenged at 1 week post boosting. This suggests that the protective strength of immunization decreased by the time.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.239-243
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• 1996

MS-Contin is an oral controlled-release preparation of morphine sulfate that has been used widely in the management of advanced cancer pain. It prolongs plasma concentration of morphine with no observable accumulation properties following repeated dosing, thereby promoting uninterrupted sleep and hopefully improving patient's quality of life. The common side effects of MS Contin are nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and constipation. But these symptoms are usually mild and respiratory depression is a rare problem. We experienced respiratory depression during oral administration of MS contin for the pain management of advanced gall bladder cancer of 76 years old male patient with metastasis at liver, intestine and cervical lymph node. After we increased the dosage of MS Contin from 160mg to 220mg per day, due to abdominal pain, we observed morphine reaction of MS Contin overdose such as pinpoint pupil, deeply slow respiration below 8/minute, and drowsiness. After intravenous bolus injection of 0.4 mg naloxone followed by continuous administration of 0.2 mg/hr for 4 hours, the patient regained consciousness. The administered route of morphine was changed to intravenous PCA (patient controlled analgesia). There was no aspiration sign as confirmed by chest x-ray. The patient was comfortable and delayed no signs of respiratory depression until now.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is the efficient biological treatment of highly concentrated nitrate nitrogen by calcium ion control present within the pickling wastewater. In laboratory scale's experiments research was performed using a sequencing batch reactor and the evaluation of denitrification reaction in accordance with the injection condition of calcium ions, the surface properties of microorganisms, and the evaluation of sludge precipitability were performed. Results of the study showed that the denitrification reaction was delayed when injecting more than 600 mg/L of the calcium ion within the denitrification process. In addition, we observed the absorption form of calcium ions absorbed on the surface of microorganisms following an increase in the calcium ion dose. It was found that as the calcium ion dose increased the sludge precipitability also increased continuously and it is judged that a smooth denitrification induction is possible when treating the nitrate nitrogen by the calcium ion control of pickling waste water and the shortening of precipitation time enables a liquid operation to increase the reaction time.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2012

Corneal injury is very common clinical condition in veterinary medicine and delayed or incomplete corneal healing has the potential of vision loss due to the loss of corneal transparency. For the reconstruction of corneal epithelium, tissue graft and cell transplantation have been prosperously investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value and short-term safety of application of cultured allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of canine experimental corneal defect. Corneal defects were surgically generated in the central corneas of healthy beagle dogs and cultured canine allogenic MSCs were transplanted via subconjunctival injection. Although mean healing time, the rate of epithelial regeneration, and the degree of corneal transparency were not significantly improved after MSC transplantation, significant immune reaction or incompatibility reaction was not detected except transient local irritation. These results propose the possibility of MSC application as a new regenerative medicine in canine ocular disorders.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2018

Silymarin is a flavonoid complex extracted from the Silybum marianum plant with a wide range of pharmacological and biochemical effects. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of silymarin were investigated in BALB/c mice. Silymarin was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Following the exposure, host hematological parameters, spleen cellularity and histopathological examination, as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, hemagglutination titers (HA), splenocyte cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation assay were studied in all of the test groups of animals. The results showed that the low dose of silymarin (50 mg/kg) could stimulate both cellular and humoral immune functions in the treated hosts. In addition, silymarin at 100 mg/kg appeared to impact on DTH responses and lymphoproliferation. Based on the finding here, it would seem that silymarin has efficient immunostimulant properties. As a recommendation, the application of silymarin along with acupuncture technique (herbal acupuncture) can be thought as a good plan to modulate and enhance the immune system for the management of several immunodeficiency disorders. However, further studies are required to demonstrate this hypothesis.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 1999

Th effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) on the characteristics of combustion exhaust emissions and specific fuel consumption(SFC) are experimentally investigated by four-cylin-der four-cycle and direct injection marine diesel engine. In order to reduce soot contents in the recirculated exhaust gas to intake system of the engines a novel diesel soot removal system with a cylinder-type scrubber which has water injector(4 nozzles in 1.0mm diameter)is specially designed and manufactured for the experi-mental system. The obtained results are as follows; The combustion pressure in cylinder is decreased and ignition is delayed with increasing EGR rate. The accumulated quantity of heat release is slightly decreased and the tendency of heat release rate is not constant. NOx and Soot emissions are decreased by maximum 7% and 540% with scrubber tan without scrubber in the range of experimental conditions. Those are increased at the lean burn area with increasing equivalence ration in the constant value of engine speed and EGR rate. Also those are decreased with increasing EGR rate in the constant value of engine speed and equivalence ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.228-233
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• 2004

The spray and acoustic characteristics by the self-oscillation of a swirl coaxial injector were experimentally studied. The self-oscillation of a swirl coaxial injector is defined as pressure and flowrate oscillations by a time-delayed feedback between liquid and gas phase and has strong influences on atomization and mixing processes. Hence the occurrence and effect of the self-oscillation are measured using shadow photography technique, acoustic test and PDPA. The occurrence of self-oscillation largely depends on the injection conditions, such as pressure drop of liquid phase and relative momentum ratio. From the experimental results, self-oscillation occurs when the momentum of gas phase is enough large and the smaller the pressure drop of liquid phase is, the better self-oscillation occurs at the same momentum ratio. The self-oscillation is also affected by injector geometries, increasing the recess length results in the expansion of self-oscillation region and the increase of sound pressure level. The self-oscillation of a swirl coaxial injector accompanies a high intensity scream and this scream may provide harmful disturbances to combustion processes. Self-oscillation leads to strong changes in the drop size distribution and smoothly varies the slope of radial SMD distribution.