• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2012

양전자 방출단층 촬영은 $^{18}F$-FDG 주사하고 1시간 후에 촬영한다. 하지만 장비의 결함 또는 예상하지 못한 상황으로 2-3시간정도 경과되어 촬영을 하는 경우가 발생한다. 이에 시간 흐름에 따라 획득된 영상에서 체내 부위별 표준화 섭취계수를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 정상기관 중 정상부위는 간(간우엽 중앙부), 지방(좌측 둔부), 폐(우측 상엽부), 대동맥(상행 대동맥)의 경우는 지연영상에서 크고 작은 감소가 나타났으며, 정상부위 중 유일하게 뼈(제 5요추 체부)에서 ${\Delta}$SUVmax 37%의 증가가 나타났다. 병소부위는 시간의 흐름에 따라 증가함을 보였으며 ${\Delta}$SUVmax는 37.6%증가로 나타났으며 병소의 섭취증가와 정상부위 섭취감소로 대조도의 차이가 커짐을 알 수 있었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.77-88
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• 1992

Recently, diabetic patients are increasing in the field of microvascular surgery. Diabetes melltius is known to be related to arterial damage, platelet malfunction and thrombus formation. After microvascular anastomosis, delayed repair and vascular occlusion occurred more frequently in diabetic state. This study was performed to investigate the patency rate and process of endothelial healing after microvascular anastomosis of femoral artery in diabetic rat by scanning electron microscope. The animals were divided into two groups, 20 diabetic-induced and 20 non-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced with a injection of Streptozotocin(50mg/kg b.w., Sigma Chemical Co.) to tail vein. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Macroscopically, anastomotic site was intact except a few cases showed minimal inflammatory sign around the wound site. But the inflammatory change was frequently occurred in diabetic-induced group. 2. The patency rate was 95% (19/20) in non-diabetic group and 65% (13/20) in diabetic-induced group. 3. In the non-diabetic group, anstomotic region was mostly endothelized by the alignment along the long axis of vessel but stitchs were not covered with endothelial cells. The thichkening of vessel wall was not observed. 4. In the diabetic-induced group, anastomotic region was not endothelized but covered with blood cellular components and connective tissue instead of endothelial cells. The thickening of the vessel wall was prominent in some diabetic-induced rats. These results suggest that diabetes was related to delayed regeneration of endothelium of vessels after microsurgical anastomosis.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1971

1. $^{60}Co$의 $\gamma$선 128 rad로 마우스를 전신조사시킨 바 대조군과 cortisone투여군에서 총 혈청단백량은 1일구에서 A/G비는 5일구에서 각각 증가의 정점을 나타냈고 이후 정상치로 되돌아가는 경향을 나타냈다. 2. cortisone acetate는 전신조사후 총혈청단백량에 있어서 5, 10 및 20일구에서 증가의 지체성을 나타냈다. 3. cortisone acetate를 전신조사후 A/G비에 있어서 1, 5 및 10일구에서 증가의 지체성을 나타냈다. 4. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 전신조사전 cortisone 처리는 혈청단백질의 방사선 감수성을 감소시킴을 알수 있으므로 방사선 방어효과가 있다고 사료된다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 1971

It is well known that diabetes mellitus is associated with metabolic derangements, such as hyper-glycemia, ketosis, glycosuria, and also widespread alterations in the blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, peripheral nerves and heart. It is also recognized that healing of skin wound is delayed in diabetics. In bone, according to Aegerter, osteopenia develops in diabetes mellitus and it is chiefly ascribed to overutilization of protein. Shim claims that total blood flow to the entire skeletal system is approximately 4 to 8 percent of resting cardiac output and blood supply to the skeletal system would be decreased on account of secondary arteriosclerotic changes in the diabetics. An adequate blood supply is an essential factor in the healing process of fracture, and disturbed blood flow, either local or systemic, will invariably delay union of the fragments or the fragments from being fused. As the author has encountered several cases of diabetics in whom healing of fracture was delayed or incomplete, this experimental study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on the healing process of fracture. In this experiment adult albino rabbits, weighing about 2 kg. were used and divided into 6 groups. The femur of each animal was fractured surgically, and then the healing process of fracture was periodically checked by radiography at an interval of one week for a period of 6 weeks. Thereafter, all the rabbits were killed to obtain tissue preparation of the femur. The experimental groups were as follows; 1) Control group: Six rabbits sustained a surgical fracture to the femur, without being given any other treatment or drug. 2) Alloxan-treated group: For inducing diabetes, alloxan was given intravenously to 17 rabbits in various dose as follows; to 7 of them 40 mg/kg, to 6 rabbits 80 mg/kg and to 4 rabbits 120 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. 3) Insulin-treated group: Protamine-zinc insulin was injected subcutaneously to each of 6 rabbits in a daily dose of 1 unit per kilogram of body weight. 4) Group treated with insulin after alloxan: Four rabbits were given 80 mg of alloxan once and than 1 unit of insulin per kilogram of body weight daily. Another 5 rabbits were injected 1 unit of insulin per kg of body weight daily following administration of alloxan in a dose of 120 mg/kg. 5) Homotransplantation group: Following intravenous injection of alloxan in a dose of 120 mg/kg, 10 rabbits underwent homotransplantation of a short bone segment to the femur. Five of them were subsequently given 1 unit/kg of insulin daily. 6) Sugar-treated group: six rabbits were fed $15{\sim}20$ gm of sugar daily throughout the period of experiment. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Blood sugar level and damage to the pancreatic islet increased proportionately when alloxan was given to the rabbits in various doses. No appreciable change could be observed in the islets when the blood sugar level was altered by either oral administration of sugar or subcutaneous injection of insulin. 2. Comparing with the control group, healing of fracture was delayed in the alloxan-treated group, while callus formation and periosteal reaction were shown to be more prominent in this group and subsequently, the ultimate osseous tissue formed at the fracture site was significantly smaller in amount and less compact. These findings were more marked as the amount of alloxan increased. 3. Administration of insulin prevented the delay in healing process of fracture in the rabbits with alloxan-induced hyperglycemia. In this case, the course and progression of fracture healing were almost similar to those of control group. 4. Union between the host bone and the fragment transplanted from other rabbit of the same species was more delayed in the group treated with alloxan alone than in the group to which insulin was administered after development of alloxan-induced diabetes. In both groups periosteal new bone developed from the ends of the host bone, above and below the transplanted fragment, and directly fused with failure of periosteal callus to bridge the adjacent ends of the host bone and the transplanted fragment. 5. The healing process of fracture was not inhibited by alteration in blood sugar level when the blood sugar was abnormally increased by excessive sugar intake or lowered by administration of insulin alone. The healing of fracture in these groups progressed similarly as in the control group. In brief summary, it appears that the healing process of fracture would be definitely disturbed in diabetic state brought about by damage to the pancreatic islet. As such an inhibition could be overcome with insulin, it seems that insulin plays an important role in healing of fracture, but alteration in blood sugar level alone does not modify healing process of fracture to significant degree.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 RO 농축수 내 TDS 제어에 따른 고농도 질산성 질소의 효율적인 생물학적 처리에 있다. 실험실 규모의 실험에서는 연속회분식 반응기를 이용하여 연구를 수행하였으며 TDS의 주입조건에 따른 비탈질율, 비산소소비율 분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 연속회분식 반응기를 이용한 운전에 따라 탈질 공정 내 고농도 TDS 주입에 따라 탈질 반응이 지연되어 SDNR이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 미생물 활성도가 또한 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 질산성 질소의 원활한 처리를 위하여 TDS 제어가 수반되어야 하며 특히, $Ca^{2+}$의 중점적인 처리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 본 연구를 통하여 도출된 SDNR, SOUR 값은 호기성 그래뉼 슬러지를 이용한 RO 농축수의 생물학적 처리를 위한 공정 설계인자로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2000

The polysaccharide fractions were isolated and purified from Phellodendron chinese SCHNEID, and antitumor activities using the melanoma B-16-derived metastatic tumors were examined at dosages of 2, 5 and 10 mg/100 g. F-7 and F-8 showed the highest tumor metastatic inhibitory activities (inhibition ratio 60 and 80% in 2 mg/100 g), and in dose of 5 mg/100 g, the inhibitory ratios were 85 and 70%, respectively. Furthermore, 10 mg/100 g of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection gave 90 and 95% of inhibition. When the effects of polysaccharides on hypersensitivity were examined, the inhibitory activities were not markedly observed in oral administration, indicating that the polysaccharides are directly acting to immune system. Also, the polysaccharides increased the number of circulating blood leukocytes and total peritoneal exudate cells. Although implantation of tumor cells greatly decreased the productivity of antibody (antibody-mediated) and T lymphocyte reactivity (delayed-type) as 6.3 from 9.3 and 5.9 from 7.7, represented by the increase of footpad thickness, respectively. the polysaccharides elevated the reactivity of T lymphocyte in tumor-bearing mice, which were rapidly recovered by discontinuance of sample treatments. Especially, F-2, F-5, F-7 and F-8 remarkably recovered the decreased sensitivity. These results clearly indicated that the i.p. injection is much effective to suppress tumor growth than oral administration.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.202-211
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• 1996

Experiments were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the immunobiological effects on route of administration of amygdalin(AM). Rats were administered orally at 12.5, 25, or 50mg/kg/day of AM or injected wtih 25,50, or 100mg/kg/day of AM intravenously for 2 weeks. Rats were immunized and challenged with sheep red blood cells(SRBC). The results of this study were summarized as follows;(1) In oral administration of AM, body weight gains were significantly increased by 50mg/kg AM as compared with controls, the relative weights of liver and thymus also were significantly increased by 12.5 and 25mg/kg AM. However, 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant hemagglutination titier (2-MER HA), Plaque forming cells (PFC) and rosette forming cells (RFC) were non-dose dependently decreased. Phagocytic activity and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction also were significantly decreased by 50mg/kg AM. (2) In intravenous injection of AM, body weight gains, hemagglutination titer (HA), 2MER-HA, DTH reaction, PFC, RFC and circulating leukocytes were not influenced by AM. However, the relative weights of liver, spleen and thymus were significantly enhanced 100mg/kg AM. These results indicated that oral administration of AM non-dose dependently suppresses humoral and cell-mediated immunity in SD rats, and that intravenous injection of AM is unaffected humoral and cell-mediated immunity, however, the high dose of it significantly enhances phagocytic activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2017

Status epilepticus is the most common serious neurological condition triggered by abnormal electrical activity, leading to severe and widespread cell loss in the brain. Lithium has been one of the main drugs used for the treatment of bipolar disorder for decades, and its anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties have been described in several neurological disease models. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying lithium's actions remain poorly understood. The muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine is used to induce status epilepticus, which is followed by hippocampal damage. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of lithium post-treatment on seizure susceptibility and hippocampal neuropathological changes following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Status epilepticus was induced by administration of pilocarpine hydrochloride (320 mg/kg, i.p.) in C57BL/6 mice at 8 weeks of age. Lithium (80 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 15 minutes after the pilocarpine injection. After the lithium injection, status epilepticus onset time and mortality were recorded. Lithium significantly delayed the onset time of status epilepticus and reduced mortality compared to the vehicle-treated group. Moreover, lithium effectively blocked pilocarpine-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus as estimated by cresyl violet and Fluoro-Jade B staining. However, lithium did not reduce glial activation following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. These results suggest that lithium has a neuroprotective effect and would be useful in the treatment of neurological disorders, in particular status epilepticus.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1985

The possible effects of 10% carbohydrate containting diets on the serum glucose and lipids values were studied with normal and alloxan - diabetic male rats for a period of 28 days. The diets were supplemented with either glucose, cornstarch or sucrose, fructose or the basal diet containing no added carbohy drates. After this period, 3 to 4 rats among the each group were killed and samples of serum, liver, spleen and kidney were collected. The others were rendered diabetic by the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan ($190mg/\frac{wt}{kg}$). Then original feeding scedule was continued for 3 days in all five diabetic groups, before the collection of tissue samples and serum. Feeding the nondiabetic rats with glucose and fructose delayed the bodyweight development relatively compared with nonsugar group. The weight deductions after alloxan injection were similar in all feeding groups. All diabetic animals exhibited increased blood glucose triglceride levels but almost unchanged total cholesterol values. Blood glucose values for nondiabetic rats were normal ranges, and then glucose feeding group was the highest. Total - cholesterol values were the highest in nondiabetic rats fed glucose, fructose and in diabetics fed sucrose, glucose. Triglyceride values were the highest in nondiabetic rats fed sucrose, and no difference in diabetic rats. Some cornstarch group exhibited fatty-livers in diabetic and nondiabetic, and more studies need.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.718-725
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• 2012

항공기 엔진베이에 누유된 연료나 오일이 고온의 엔진 표면에 닿게 되면 점화되어 화재를 야기시킬 위험성이 높다. 이를 방지하기 위하여서는 소화제를 화재방지영역에 신속하게 분사하고 소화제의 농도가 높이 유지되도록 화재방지시스템을 설계하여야 한다. FAA에서는 소화제가 화재방지영역 전체에 6%의 농도를 0.5초 이상 유지하는 것으로 규정하고 있다. 이러한 요구를 만족할 수 있는 화재감지시스템의 개발을 위하여, 본 연구에서는 엔진베이에 소화제의 분사와 농도측정에 대한 수치적인 연구와 실험적인 연구를 수행하였다. 분사된 소화제의 분사시간이나 농도유지에 대하여 실험과 수치적인 연구의 결과는 유사한 경향을 보이나, 실험에서 센서의 응답성으로 인하여 소화제의 농도가 늦게 측정되었다.