• Membrane Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2008

This study was carried out for the plate and frame membrane modules equipped with and without plastic protuberances on the support frame in order to determine the effect of eddy flow induced by the protuberances on permeate flux. The initial time for rapidly declined permeate flux on the module with protuberances was delayed twice or more than that on the module without protuberances when kaolin solution was permeated at the operating pressures from 0.4 to 1.6 bar. Also decreasing ratio of the kaolin solution to pure water flux for module with protuberances was 1 to 5% lower than that for module without protuberances. The flux improvement due to protuberances at laminar flow corresponding Reynolds number 1,750 was about double as compared with that in the transition flow region. In general, the kaolin fouling reduction for the plate module with protuberances during initial filtration process was very effective, even though the permeate flux after 60 minutes filtration did not increase significantly.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 2002

This paper presents a way to maximize transmission efficiency and reception ability through transmission diversity technology, which can be adapted to wireless multimedia OFDM system. The presented method is a comparative analysis between a case where parameter ${\alpha}$ for time average is 0.3, 1 with consideration of channel presumption with two types of rms delayed spread, which is 50nsec, 150nsec, for the performance analysis of STTC(Space-Time Trellis Code) using time-space ciphering method appropriate for MIMO channel, and performance in the case where presumed channel value from long training column section is applied to according frame in a single frame. The result showed that BER brought SNR improvement of 1.0 dB in $10^{-3}$ when ${\alpha}$ was 0.3 than using only the long training column, and showed increase of general performance improvement for the sake of time average rather than the case without.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.70-73
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• 2014

Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a health problem which occurs during any phase of the sexual response cycle that keeps the individual or couple from experiencing satisfaction from the sexual activity. SD covers a wide variety of symptoms like in men, erectile dysfunction and premature or delayed ejaculation, in women, spasms of the vagina and pain with sexual intercourse, in both sexes, sexual desire and response. And pharmacopuncture, i.e. injection of subclinical doses of drugs, mostly herb medicine, in acupoints, has been adopted with successful results. This case report showed the effect of bee venom on SD. A 51-year-old male patient with SD, who had a past history of taking Western medication to treat his SD and who had previously undergone surgery on his lower back due to a herniated disc, received treatments using pharmacopuncture of sweet bee venom (SBV) at Gwanwon (CV4), Hoeeum (CV1), Sinsu (BL23), and Gihaesu (BL24) for 20 days. Objectively, the patient showed improvement on most items on the International Index for Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) like 28 to 29 out of perfect score 30 for erectile function, 10 to 10 out of perfect score 10 for orgasmic function, 6 to 8 out of perfect score 10 for sexual desire, 10 to 13 out of perfect score 15 for satisfaction with intercourse, and 6 to 8 out of perfect score 10 for overall satisfaction; subjectively, his words, the tone of his voice and the look of confidence in his eyes all indicated improvement. Among the variety of effects of SBV pharmacopuncture, urogenital problems such as SD may be health problems that pharmacopuncture can treat effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.707-710
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• 2010

Mt. Jiri, where is located in southwestern area of Korea, can be a treasury of herbal medicine plants grown wild. More than 1200 species currently classified as herbs are grown or cultivated. Recently, the studies on the safflower which attracts the interests in the inhibition of skin aging in the modern people have been actively investigated, and this study aims to confirm that polyphenol compound, the main ingredient of safflower, can be a natural material to cause the delayed effect on the skin aging, inhibiting the generation of wrinkle in the 30 to 40s middle aged females. Primarily, this study is to confirm the anti-oxidizing effect by DPPH assay in vitro, and to evaluate the efficacy of inhibition or improvement on the wrinkle generation in the face skin by clinical trials, additionally. In addition, we are confident to contribute on the improvement of functional cosmetic industry, developing the sample product of anti-aging mask pack which has the main ingredient with the extract of safflower.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2015

Background: Osteoradionecrosis is a delayed complication from radiation therapy which causes chronic pain, infection and constant deformity after necrosis. Most of the osteoradionecrosis occurs spontaneously or after the primary oncologic surgery, dental extraction or by trauma of prosthesis. The treatment of osteoradionecrosis relies on both conservative measures and surgical measures. The fibular osteocutaneous free flap has become more popular choice for reconstruction of maxillofacial defects as a treatment of osteoradionecrosis. Methods: We presented our experiences from 7 patients with osteoradionecrosis who have had reconstruction surgery with fibular osteocutaneous free flap at National Cancer Center during the recent 5 years. We performed segmental mandibular resection with fibular osteocutaneous free flap for all 7 patients of advanced osteoradionecrosis who were not controlled by conservative treatment such as wound irrigation, debridement, and antibiotics. Results: A wide range of techniques were available for the reconstruction of composite defects resulted from the treatment of advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis. Significant improvement was noted in relieving pain and treating trismus after the surgery however difficulty in swallowing and xerostomia showed less improvement. Conclusions: We concluded that fibular osteocutaneous free flap can be performed safely in patients with osteoradionecrosis and yields positive outcomes with significantly increased success rate. The fibular osteocutaneous free flap was our preferred choice for the mandibular reconstruction due to its versatility and predictability.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2020

Construction is a typical labor-dependent industry. However, problems related to wage payment, which directly affects the livelihood of workers, have caused other problems in maintaining skilled workers, such as increasing the turnover rate of skilled workers, resulting in a shortage of skilled workers. Against this backdrop, this study was conducted to develop measures to improve the conventional wage payment systems in order to prevent skilled workers from leaving their jobs and to maintain them as workers. It is necessary to make the registration of non-registered small-sized construction companies in Korea mandatory, and to introduce means by which construction companies that hire workers through non-registered agents can be penalized. In addition, the project bank account (PBA) system used in the domestic banking sector can be benchmarked in operating payment systems, an approach that is expected to effectively prevent delayed wage payments in the construction industry.

• Carbon letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 2010

To investigate new potential application of a clay material for C/C composites, illite added C/C composites were prepared with various illite contents. The improvement of filler effect by illite size reduction was also investigated using wet ballmilling by evaluating illite/phenolic resin infiltration using bulk density and porosity measurements, chemical structural changes of the composites using XRD, and thermal oxidation stability in air of the composites using TGA. The size reduction of illite resulted in narrower particle size distribution and improved illite infiltration into carbon preform. And the resultant C/C composites prepared with illite had even more improved thermal oxidation stability in air, showing more increased IDTs up to $100^{\circ}C$, compared to those of the C/C composites with pristine illite, due to the SiC formation through carbothermal reduction between illite and carbon materials. The illite induced delay in oxidation of the illite-C/C composites was also observed and the delayed oxidation behavior was attributed to the layered structure of illite, which improved illite/phenol resin infiltration. Therefore, the potential use of illite as filler to improve oxidation stability of C/C composite can be promising. And the size reduction of illite can improve its effect on the desired properties of illite-C/C composites even more.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.10-18
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• 1998

For improvement of plants in disease resistance, it is most important to elucidate the mechanism to perceive and respond to the signal molecules of invaders. A model system with pea and its pathogen, Mycosphaerella pinodes, showed that the fungal elicitor induced defense responses in all plant species tested but that the suppressor of the fungus blocked or delayed the expression of defense responses and induced accessibility only in the host plant. In the world, many researchers believe that the pathogens` signals are recognized only on the receptors in the plasma membranes. Though we found that the ATPase and polyphosphoinositide metabolism in isolated plasma membranes responded to these fungal signals, we failed to detect specific actions of the suppressor in vitro on these plasma membrane functions. Recently, we found that ATPase (NTPases) and superoxide generating system in isolated cell wall were regulated by these fungal signals even in vitro, especially, by the suppressor in a strictly species-specific manner and also that the cell wall alone prepared an original defense system. The effects of both fungal signals on the isolated cell wall functions in vitro coincide perfectly with those on defense responses in vivo. In this treatise, we discuss the key role of the cell wall, which is plant-specific and the most exterior organelle, in determining host-parasite specificity and molecular target for improvement of plants.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the applicability of audio-visual modeling for improving the efficiency of rehabilitative programs by analyzing the effects of observing these various models on the capacity of stroke patients to perform upper limb activities. Twenty-one stroke patients participated in the experiment and were randomly assigned to either task modeling, sport modeling, or control group. During 2 weeks of intervention, subjects in all groups participated in the physical practice of experimental tasks. These tasks comprised of a Nine Hole Peg Test, the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function tests, and locomotion. These tasks were performed 5 days a week, 30 min per day. In addition to the physical practice, the task modeling group observed a model performing experimental tasks and locomotive activities for 20 min, while the sport modeling group observed a model performing various sport activities for 20 min. Subjects' ability to perform the experimental tasks was measured 3 times, before, immediately after, and 1 week after the intervention. Analyses of the capacity to perform upper extremity activities displayed significant improvement from the pre-test to immediate and delayed post-tests in all groups. However, the amount of improvement was the highest in the task modeling group. The task modeling group was superior to the control group in the post-test of all experimental tasks, whereas the sport modeling group did not display significant differences from the control group. These results suggest that audio-visual modeling can be used as an effective cognitive intervention for facilitating the rehabilitation of stroke patients, and its rehabilitative effect can be maximized when the program is comprised of performance scenes directly related to the target task.

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.36-45
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• 2003

This paper presents a way to maximize transmission efficiency and reception ability through transmission diversity technology, which can be adapted to wireless multimedia OFDM (orthogonal FDM) system. The presented method gives a comparative analysis between a case where parameter a for time average is 0.3, i with consideration of channel presumption and two types of rms delayed proliferation, which is 50nsec, 150nsec, for the performance analysis of STTC (Space-Time Trellis Code) using time-space code method which is appropriate for MIMO channel, and performance, in the case, where presumed channel value from long training column section is applied to the according frame in a single frame. The result shows that BER brought SNR improvement of 1.0dB in $10^{-3}$ when a was 0.3 than using only the long training column, and shows an increasement of general performance improvement when the time average factor is used.