• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1487-1494
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• 2003

Studies were conducted with intact White Leghorn roosters to determine the true metabolisable energy (TME) and the true amino acid availability (TAAA) in five dehulled and hulled soybean meals produced in China. 60 roosters, kept in individual cages, were fasted for 48 h and then tube-fed 50 g of one of experimental feedstuffs and their excreta was then collected for the subsequent 48 h period. Two separate collection periods were used with each meal being fed to 12 roosters. The birds were given a 15-day recovery period between collection periods. An additional 12 roosters were either fasted or fed a protein-free diet in order to estimate the extent of endogenous losses of energy and amino acids in excreta. The average values per bird for nitrogen loss, endogenous energy losses (EEL) and endogenous energy losses corrected to zero-nitrogen balance ($EEL_n$) were found to be 0.74 g, 47.0 kJ and 21.5 kJ, respectively. It was found that the TME and TAAA values of dehulled soybean meal were higher than those of hulled soybean meal. The TME and nitrogen-corrected TME metabolisable energy values of dehulled soybean meal were 10.58 and 10.74 MJ/kg, respectively, while the corresponding values for hulled soybean meal were 10.03 and 10.27 MJ/kg, respectively. The average indispensable and dispensable amino acid availability of dehulled soybean meal was 92.1 and 93.5%, compared with 89.3 and 91.4% for hulled soybean meal. Dehulled soybean meal would therefore appear to be superior to hulled soybean meal as a source of protein and energy for use in poultry rations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1434-1439
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• 2001

Eighty crossbred pigs (Large White x Landrace) weighing 9.9 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and Jitter to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial $(5\;treatments\;{\times}2\;sexes)$ arrangement to compare the nutritive value of hulled and dehulled peas fed with or without enzyme (0.25% Allzyme PF and 0.5% Biogal-S). A barley and soybean meal diet served as a control. Eight castrates and eight gilts were fed each diet. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy were higher for diets containing dehulled peas than hulled peas. In addition, enzyme supplementation modestly increased the digestibility of all three nutrients. Over the entire experimental period (9.9 to 103.3 kg), there were no performance differences (p>0.05) between pigs fed soybean meal based diets or diets based on any of the pea products. In addition, there were no differences in performance between pigs fed diets containing hulled or dehulled peas or between pigs fed diets with or without dietary enzyme. Castrates gained weight significantly faster, consumed more feed but had a poorer feed conversion than gilts (p<0.05). There were no differences in carcass traits between pigs fed diets based on soybean meal or any of the pea products. Carcass traits were similar for pigs fed hulled or dehulled peas while enzyme supplementation also had no effect on carcass data. Castrate pigs had a lower carcass value index, estimated lean yield and loin lean depth (p<0.05). Loin fat depth was greater for castrates than gilts (p<0.05). The overall results of this experiment provide little support for the need for enzyme supplementation of pea based diets fed to swine. In addition, dehulling did not appreciably improve the nutritive value of peas. Therefore, since the process adds to the cost of the raw product, its use is unlikely to be economical.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.928-939
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• 2003

A study was carried out to determine the effect of de-hulling on apparent and true ileal amino acids digestibility of soybean meals for growing pigs. Twenty barrows (Duroc${\times}$Large white${\times}$Longer white) were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ilium. Digestibility of 20 experimental diets was determined, nine of them were de-hulled soybean meal diets, and nine of them were regular soybean meal diets and two low protein casein diets for determination of endogenous amino acid correction for true digestibility determination. A TEX>$5<{\times}5<$ Latin Squares Design was adopted in this trail. The results showed that de-hulling increased apparent ileal digestibility of isoleucine, threonine, aspartic, tyrosine and indispensable and dispensable amino acid (p<0.05) in soybean meals. Furthermore, dehulling is also increased apparent digestibility of arginine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine, glutamic acid, serine and gross amino acids (p<0.01). However, there were no significant differences found for histidine, methionine, tryptophan, cystine and glycine (p>0.05). Similar responses were found for true ileal digestibility. In three dehulled and non-dehulled pairs soybean meals from the same respective sources, de-hulling increased apparent digestibility of lysine, methionine, threonine and cystine 1.42%, 2.06%, 2.18% and 1.40% respectively. True digestibility of lysine, methionine, threonine and cystine was increased 1.65%, 1.94%, 2.30% and 1.82% respectively. A prediction equation for true ileal amino acid digestibility (including lysine and arginine) was established by multivariate linear regression. The independent variables included relevant amino acid, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen free extract. The coefficient R2 values of lysine and agrinine were 0.596 and 0.531 respectively. According to the crude protein content, a prediction equation for lysine and arginine content in soybean meal was also established by single linear regression. The coefficient $R^2$ values of lysine and agrinine were 0.636 and 0.636 respectively.