• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors and variables which have significant effects on landscape satisfaction of urban pedestrian road in Bun-dang new town and to suggest basic information for urban pedestrian road design. These works consist of two phase. First, we tested the Hye-Cheon college students' degree of landscape satisfaction for 37 spots of urban pedestrian road and then selected 10 sports slide by the Sturges' formula. Second, we analysed factors and variables on landscape satisfaction of urban pedestrian road using the semantic differential scale method and then processed using descriptive analysis, factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The difference of landscape adjectives between the highest score of landscape satisfaction slide and the lowest score landscape satisfaction slide were diversity of vegetation, plenty of the shade of a tree, naturalness and cleanness. 2) Diversity of vegetation, width of road, freedom of danger and diversity of environment can be significant variables of major effects on landscape satisfaction of urban pedestrian road by using the multiple linear regression analysis. 3) Factors covering the landscape satisfaction of urban pedestrian road have been found to be Environment of urban pedestrian road and Constitution of urban pedestrian road. By using the Varimaxs' rotation factor analysis for the number of factors' cumulative percentage has been obtained as 64%. 4) Environment of urban pedestrian road and Constitution of urban pedestrian road can be significant factors of major effects on landscape satisfaction of urban pedestrian road by using the multiple linear regression analysis. In conclusion, the landscape satisfaction factors and variables of urban pedestrian road need to be considered in plan or design the urban pedestrian road.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1779-1782
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• 2012

Background & Objectives: In patients with gastric cancer, the most frequently reported family history of cancer also involves the stomach. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of gastric precancerous lesions in first-degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer and to compare the obtained results with those of individuals with no such family history. Methods: Between 2007 and 2009, 503 consecutive persons more than 30 years old were enrolled in the study covering siblings, parents or children of patients with confirmed adenocarcinoma of stomach. The control group was made up of 592 patients who were synchronously undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for evaluation of dyspepsia without gastric cancer or any family history. All subjects were endoscopically examined. Results: The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 77.7% in the cancer relatives and in 75.7% in the control group. Chronic gastritis was found in 90.4% vs. 81.1% (P<0.001). Regarding histological findings, 37(7.4%) of the study group had atrophy vs. 12(1.7%) in the control group (P<0.001), while no difference was observed for intestinal metaplasia (20.3%vs. 21.6%, P=0.58). Dysplasia were shown in 4% of cancer relatives but only 0.4% of the control group (P<0.001). There was no gender specificity. Conclusions: Findings of our study point to great importance of screening in relatives of gastric cancer patients in Iran.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.112-129
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• 1997

This research, focused on the curved of the lower body, designated abdomen and hip gradient, crotch depth and crotch width the factors for which are able to influence on the appearence and the function of Divided Skirt and analized the changes when that were applied to a real pattern, and so the purpose of this research is to show the basic documents needed to design a Divided Skirt pattern fitting with the wear purpose and usage. The following are the results of this research. 1. The abdomen and hip gradient turned out as the most influential factor on the appearance and the function of Divided Skirt. The pattern of which the abdomen and hip gradient was designated as vertical zero degree, showed an excellent appearance and in case of function, the pattern of which thw angle of the abdomen and hip gradient of human body type was applied to itself without a particular designation turned out excellent. 2. In case of crotch depth, the pattern which had crotch depth＋2㎝, had a better appearance but influced nothing on function. 3. The factor of crotch width didn\`t have any influence on the appearance and function of Divided Skirt. 4. Referring to the results of the above, the Divided Skirt pattern of which the appearance and the function turned excellent, had the angle of abdomen gradient 4 degrees, the angle abdomen gradient 4 degrees, the angle of hip gradient/2+2.5 degrees, crotch depth+2㎝ and crotch width following human body type. In case of Divied Skirt worn when going out, the pattern which had the angle of abdomen and hip gradient vertical zero degree, crotch depth+2㎝ and crotch width following human body type, turned out suitable. Also, the suitable pattern of Divided Skirt for working had the abdomen and hip gradient following human body type, crotch depth+2㎝ and covering girth diameter/2±1㎝.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.269-280
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• 2014

To cope with increasing of vegetables and flowers consumptions, horticulture facilities have been modernized. Korea government recently announced construction plan of new greenhouse complex at reclaimed land. However wind characteristics of reclaimed land is totally different from those of inland, wind pressure on greenhouse built in reclaimed land should be carefully evaluated to secure structural safety on the greenhouse. In this study, as a first step, wind pressure coefficient and local wind pressure coefficient on even-span greenhouse were measured using wind tunnel test. ESDU was adopted to realize wind characteristics of reclaimed land such as wind and turbulence profiles. From the wind tunnel test, when wind direction was 0 degree, it was concluded that KBC2009 standard underestimated scale of wind pressure coefficients at roof area of greenhouse whereas NEN-EN2002 standard underestimated those at every surface of greenhouse. When wind direction was 90 degree, both standards did not well reflect the characteristics of wind pressure distribution. From the analysis of local wind pressure coefficients according to wind direction conditions, design of covering, glazing bar of greenhouse where large effects of the local wind pressure were estimated should be well established. Wind pressure coefficients and local wind pressure coefficients according to parts of the greenhouse were finally suggested and these results could be practically used for suggesting new design standards of greenhouse.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.18
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• pp.149-164
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• 2004

Various social surveys conducted by mass media and government agencies in recent years in Japan suggest that the percentage of those who believe in religion are between twenty and thirty percent. However, more than seventy percent of Japanese visit Shinto shrines or Buddhist temples during the New year period. Although there are varying interpretations on whether Japanese people are religious or not, detailed research shows the existence of certain religious tendencies among Japanese. I base my estimates on research surveys of college students covering a period of almost ten years. It is helpful for understanding the religiosity of the Japanese to differentiate between "clear-cut religion" and "peripheral religious phenomena." The exact boundary between these two categories, however, is difficult to clearly demarcate. "Clear-cut religion" refers here phenomena which are directly related to established religious organizations such as shrine Shinto, Buddhist sects, or Christianity. "Peripheral religious phenomena" covers such phenomena as fortune telling, mystical phenomena, religious customs and similar matters. It is often said that the younger generations are less concerned with religion. Our seven surveys questioning several thousand college students, conducted between 1995 and 2001, show that only between six and seven percent of the students state that they believe in religion. Additionally, the extent of negative attitudes toward religion quite remarkable. On the other hand, students who take part in conventional ritual such as a New year's visit to a shrine or temple and visiting the graves of ancestors amount to about fifty percentage. In spite of the prevailing negative attitude toward religious groups, these students have apparently kept a certain level of interest in religious customs. Moreover, they show a relatively strong interest in fortune telling, mystical phenomena, or supernatural phenomena. The exact degree of a positive attitude toward peripheral religious phenomena differs according to the level of being informed on these matters. As a whole, they largely rely on information gained from their families and local communities. Therefore, we can conclude that there is a degree of transmission of religious culture among younger generations.

• Language and Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.113-144
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• 2010

The primary goal of this paper is to find a feasible way to answer the question: Does the similarity in meaning between verbs relate to the similarity in their subcategorization? In order to answer this question in a rather concrete way on the basis of a large set of English verbs, this study made use of various language resources, tools, and statistical methodologies. We first compiled a list of 678 verbs that were selected from the most and second most frequent word lists from the Colins Cobuild English Dictionary, which also appeared in WordNet 3.0. We calculated similarity measures between all the pairs of the words based on the 'jcn' algorithm (Jiang and Conrath, 1997) implemented in the WordNet::Similarity module (Pedersen, Patwardhan, and Michelizzi, 2004). The clustering process followed, first building similarity matrices out of the similarity measure values, next drawing dendrograms on the basis of the matricies, then finally getting 177 meaningful clusters (covering 437 verbs) that passed a certain level set by z-score. The subcategorization frames and their frequency values were taken from the ICE-GB. In order to calculate the Selectional Preference Strength (SPS) of the relationship between a verb and its subcategorizations, we relied on the Kullback-Leibler Divergence model (Resnik, 1996). The SPS values of the verbs in the same cluster were compared with each other, which served to give the statistical values that indicate how much the SPS values overlap between the subcategorization frames of the verbs. Our final analysis shows that the degree of overlap, or the relationship between semantic similarity and the subcategorization frames of the verbs in English, is equally spread out from the 'very strongly related' to the 'very weakly related'. Some semantically similar verbs share a lot in terms of their subcategorization frames, and some others indicate an average degree of strength in the relationship, while the others, though still semantically similar, tend to share little in their subcategorization frames.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.201-217
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• 1993

The purpose of this is to suggest objective basic data for the use development and conservation management of the national park through the quantitative analysis of the visul quality included in the physical environment of the Sobaeksan National Park, for this. spatial images structure of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaries. Result of this thesis can be summarized as follows. Factors covering the spatial image of the Sobaeksan National Park landscape have been found to be the overall synthetic evaluation appeal, spatial, natural quality and dignity factors such as the overall the synthetic evaluation. spatial and appeal yield high factor scores. As for the factors determining the degree of visual quality of clear of valley, peculiarity of configuration natural of trail, harmony of suitable artificial planting and temple.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.232-249
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• 1996

The purpose of this is to suggest objective basic data for the use development and conservation management of the national park through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of the Odaesan National Park, for this, spatial images structure of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaries. Result of this thesis can be summarized as follows. Factors covering the spatial image of the Odaesan National Park landscape have been found to be the pverall synthetic evaluation, physical, spatial, natural quality and, appeal factors such as the overall the synthetic evaluation, spatial and appeal yield high factor scores. As for the factors determining the degree of visual quality of clear of valley, peculiarity of configuration, natural of trail, harmony of suitable artificaial planting and temple.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.54-75
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• 1993

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for the super graphics in the urban landscape through the quantitative visual quality analysis. For this, the image structure of super graphics have been measured mainly by questionnaries and semantic differential scle method and analyzed by the method of factor analysis, means and multiple regression. Degree of visual preference have been measured mainly by questionnaries and likert attitude scale method and finaly these data have been analyzed by using the stepwise method. The data were collected by presenting 12 super graphics photographs-4 each sample pictures from the 3 each selected districts representing typical urban landscape style(central business district, shopping district, apartment complex). Observer groups were categorized as professionals, students, the others. Result of this thesis can be summarized as fallows: 1. From all 12(3${\times}$4) sample super graphics, the value of each semantic differential scale among the observer groups were presented significant group difference. But no significant difference of the S.D. scale value were observed among central business district, shopping district and apartment complex super graphics. 2. For all experimental points, 4 types of factor have been observed. Factors covering the image of super graphics were found to be the evaluation, the intimacy, the potentiality and the tidiness. 3. Main factors of the super graphics image and factors indicating the group variations yielded high significance between areas. 4. The harmony with surrounding environment, the proper selection of super graphics subject yielded high values for all groups. Especially, the good color sense with building was the most important variable determining the degree of visual preference. 5. The urban C.B.D. super graphics obtained 5∼12 ranks of regional visual preference and the shopping district super graphics obtained 2∼11 ranks, and apartment complex super graphics obtained 1∼7 ranks.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.231-240
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to suggest the objective basic data for applying to development and conservation management of the national park through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the and physical environment of the Tokyusan National Park. For this, spatial images and structures, of natural elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm, and degree of visual quality has been measured mainly through questionnaries. Result of this study can be summarized as follows. Factors covering the spatial image of the Tokyusan National Park landscape have been found to be the overall synthetic evaluation, appeal, spatial, natural quality and dignity factors such as the overall synthetic evaluation, spatial and appeal yield high factor scores. The main factors determining the degree of visual quality are the clearness valley, peculiarity of configuration, natural of trail, harmony of suitable artificial planting and temple.