• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.269-286
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to explore the degree of family strengths in Korea and the relationships of various characteristics to it. Family strengths the dependent variable is composed of four factors such as family commitment family communication family values and family crisis coping strategies. Independent variables are the following :i) family socio-demographic variables ii) individual variables iii) social variables. The main findings were as follows; 1. The degree of family strengths in Korea is generally high. Among four factors of family strengths the degree of family commitment is relatively higher and that of family values is relatively lower than the others. 2. The variables which independently affected the family strengths have influence in the following order ; individual marital satisfaction family's S.E.S(middle) self esteem, instrumental support from society and husband's income(middle level). These results show that the variable related to the family streng hs are multi-dimensional. Accordingly for the purpose of fortifying family in strengths educational programs should be prepared according to multi-dimensional characteristics.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2001

Influence of soil temperature [accumulated degree-day for the base temperature $5^{\circ}$($\textrm{DD}_5$)] on the development of Meloidogyne arenaria were studied in a winter grown oriental melon greenhouse in Seongju, Korea. Egg masses were first observed on roots at the accumulation of 565 $\textrm{DD}_5$(40 days after transplanting), suggesting that the nematode has completed the first generation in 40 days. Second-stage juveniles (J2) densities were lowest at 863 $\textrm{DD}_5$ in April, first increased at 1,334 $\textrm{DD}_5$ in May, peaked at 2,951 $\textrm{DD}_5$ in July, and decliner thereafter. Development of egg masses and J2 density in soil revealed that M. arenaria could develop in 7-8 generations in a year in the greenhouse. Degree-day monitoring, therefore, could aid to predict nematode development in soil and can be valuable tool a to develop root-knot nematode control strategies.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제3권
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• pp.121-139
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• 2003

A purpose of this study is to measure degree of solidarity and conflict of the beauty salon franchisees according to an influence strategy of franchiser and grasp characteristics revealed from managing a franchise system. This will also contribute to improving results of franchise systems and considering a direction for development. This study examined existing studies relevant with conflict and solidarity and analysed relativity between relevant variables and grasped the flow of studies and then set hypotheses in order to present a device for decreasing conflict within a franchise system of beauty shops and for increasing a solidarity and subsequently analysed samples and tested data. The data for this study are researched by sending questionnaires to beauty salons which participated in one of franchise systems and they are analyzed by various methods in a statistics. After studying some relevant theories, this study used the definition of the franchise system in beauty salons as an entity of a political-economy paradigm. A franchiser desires to influence member shops with an influence-strategy. Therefore member shops which perceived it go through a conflict and then such a process is revealed as making significant influence on solidarity. Beauty salon franchise exists by reciprocal confidence and transaction. If an opportunism gain in influence owing to an conflict intensification, there would be no steady formation of relationship. Therefore the head office should develop a member-shop-management-system by more scientific and more technical methods and prevent, in advance, member stores from seeking for negative opportunism.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.115-128
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role structure of husband and wife on husband's clothing purchase. For the study, a questionnaire was developed to measure the influence structure and clothing evaluative criteria of husband's clothing purchase and psychological and demographic characteristics of husband. The Purchase influence structure can be defined by applying the concept of Wolfe's power pattern to decision making about buying behavior. Influence structure is the pattern in which influence is distributed among family buying center members for each purchasing decision making item. The analysis was conducted on the basis of 310 couples responces. The result of this study ware as follows; 1. The majority of husband's clothing items were an absolute autonomic·decision product Exceptionally underwear was wife-dominated. The purchase influence structure of husband' s clothing purchase varied on stages in the decision making process. Wife was involved considerably in gathering information search and real purchasing stage. 2. According to the degree of husband and wife influence on discussion stage and final decision stage, consumers were categorized into five types. Husband's psychological characteristics such 3s shopping interest, clothing involvement, importance of mutual satisfaction in purchasing and demographic characteristics were significantly different among types.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.169-194
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• 2008

Recently, the concept of web site stickiness receives attention as a measure of strategy to influence user's visit and behavior on web sites. Web site stickiness means site visit frequency and stay duration. This study investigates the moderating effect of espoused national cultural values on Internet community stickiness with the assumption that dimensional values of national culture can be internalized as individual’s espoused values. Espoused values (i.e., espoused national cultural values) are defined as the degree to which an individual embraces the values of his or her national culture. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, femininity and power distance moderate the influence of user participation on Internet community stickiness. Second, uncertainty avoidance and power distance moderates the effect of social influence on Internet community stickiness. However, femininity and collectivism do not moderate the effect of social influence on Internet community stickiness. Third, uncertainty avoidance, femininity, and collectivism moderate the influence of network effect on Internet community stickiness. Fourth, masculinity does not moderate the influence of usefulness on Internet community stickiness.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.639-643
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The degree of conversion may influence the ultimate mechanical and physical properties of provisional crown and fixed partial denture materials. The high levels of the unreacted residual monomer may cause deleterious effect on the properties. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of conversion of bis-acrylic based provisional crown and fixed partial denture materials by using an infrared spectroscopic method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Chemically activated three bis-acrylic based provisional crown and fixed partial denture materials, LuxaTemp [DMG, Hamburg, Germany], fast set TemPhase [Kerr, Orange, CA, USA] and Protemp 3 Garant [3M-ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA], were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The FTIR spectra of the materials tested were immediately obtained after mixing. The specimens were stored under dry conditions and at $23^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, and then the spectra of the materials were also obtained. The degree of conversion (%) was calculated from the spectrum of the absorbance between the aliphatic double bond at 1637 $cm^{-1}$ and the aromatic double bond at 1608 $cm^{-1}$ using the baseline method. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the multiple comparison Scheffe test at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The mean value and standard deviation of the degree of conversion were 52.5 % ${\pm}$ 1.1 %, 50.3 % ${\pm}$ 0.8 %, and 42.3 % ${\pm}$ 4.9 % for LuxaTemp, Protemp 3 Garant and fast set TemPhase, respectively. There was no significant difference between LuxaTemp and Protemp 3 Garant, whereas there was a statistically difference between Protemp 3 Garant and fast set TemPhase, and LuxaTemp and fast set TemPhase (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The degree of conversion of fast set TemPhase was significantly lower than those of the others. The degree of conversion may be correlated with the rate of polymerization.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2018

Cracking of concrete cover induced by reinforcement corrosion is a critical issue for life-cycle design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. However, the critical degree of corrosion, based on when the concrete surface cracks, is usually hard to predict accurately due to the heterogeneity inherent in concrete. To investigate the influence of concrete heterogeneity, a modified rigid-body-spring model, which could generate concrete sections with randomly distributed coarse aggregates, has been developed to study the corrosion-induced cracking process of the concrete cover and the corresponding critical degree of corrosion. In this model, concrete is assumed to be a three-phase composite composed of coarse aggregate, mortar and an interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and the uniform corrosion of a steel bar is simulated by applying uniform radial displacement. Once the relationship between radial displacement and degree of corrosion is derived, the critical degree of corrosion can be obtained. The mesoscale model demonstrated its validity as it predicted the critical degree of corrosion and cracking patterns in good agreement with analytical solutions and experimental results. The model demonstrates how the random distribution of coarse aggregate results in a variation of critical degrees of corrosion, which follows a normal distribution. A parametric study was conducted, which indicates that both the mean and variation of critical degree of corrosion increased with the increase of concrete cover thickness, coarse aggregates volume fraction and decrease of coarse aggregate size. In addition, as tensile strength of concrete increased, the average critical degree of corrosion increased while its variation almost remained unchanged.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.217-261
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• 2011

This study is an attempt to construct a basic framework of analysis about China's political and economic influence on Southeast Asia through traditional Sinocentrism, anti-colonial nationalism, Cold War socialism and post-Cold War capitalism. As to the historical status of Southeast Asia vis-a-vis external forces such as India, China and the West, the colonial discourse tends to put excessive emphasis upon its dependence, and the posy-colonial discourse upon its autonomy. However, this study elucidates the political and economic interactions between China and Southeast Asia in a dynamic perspective, focusing on their reciprocal interactions beyond the essentially static dichotomy of autonomy and dependence. Chinese influence on Southeast asia can be divided into active and reactive one, with the former referring to direct and intended consequences and the latter to indirect and unintended consequences. In the historical process of active and reactive influence, both China and Southeast Asia were fundamentally proactive actors. Thus, the autonomy or dependence of Southeast Asia is just a question of relative one, with its actual extent and degree varying with specific spatial and temporal conditions.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2009

Against the backdrop of the increasing trend towards economic globalisation, many international firms are indicating that decisions on how to enter foreign markets remains one of the key strategic challenges confronting them. Despite the rich body of literature on the topic, the fact that these challenges have continued to dominate global marketing strategy discourses point to someevident lacunae. Accordingly, this paper considers the variables, categorised in terms of firm contexts (standardisation, market research, competition, structure, competitive advantage) and host country-contexts (economic development, cultural differences, regulation and political risk), which influence the degree of involvement of UK companies in overseas markets. Following hypotheses were drawn from literature review: H1: The greater the level of competition, the higher the degree of involvement in the overseas market. H2: The more centralised the firm's organisation structure, the higher the degree of involvement in the overseas market. H3a: The adoption of a low cost-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3b: The adoption of an innovation-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3c: The adoption of a market research approach to competitive advantages will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3d: The adoption of a breadth of strategic target-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a lower degree of involvement. H4: The higher the degree of standardisation of the international marketing mix the higher the degree of involvement. H5: The greater the degree of economic development in the host market, the higher the degree of involvement. H6: The greater the cultural differences between home and host countries, the lower the degree of involvement. H7: The greater the difference in regulations between the home country and the host country, the lower the degree of involvement. H8: The higher the political risk in the host country, the lower the degree of involvement. A questionnaire instrument was constructed using, wherever possible, validated measures of the concepts to serve the aims of this study. Following two sets of mailings, 112 usable completed questionnaires were returned. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. Statistically, the paper suggests that factors relating to the level of competition, competitive advantages and economic development are strong in influencing foreign market involvements. On the other hand, unexpectedly, cultural factors (especially individualism/collectivism and low and high power distance dimensions) proved to have weak moderating effects. The reason for this, in part, is due to the pervading forces of globalisation and the attendant effect on global marketing. This paper has contributed to the general literature in a way that point to two mainimplications. First, with respect to research on national systems, the study may hold out some important lessons especially for developing nations. Most of these nations are known to be actively seeking to understand what it takes to attract foreign direct investment, expand domestic market and move their economies from the margin to the mainstream global economy. Second, it should be realised that competitive conditions remain in constant flux (even in mature industries and mature economies). This implies that a range of home country factors may be as important as host country factors in explaining firms' strategic moves and the degree of foreign market involvement. Further research can consider the impact of the home country environment on foreign market involvement decisions. Such an investigation will potentially provide further perspectives not only on the influence of national origin but also how home country effects are confounded with industry effects.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 1977년도 추계학술발표회 및 특별 강연초록
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• pp.197.4-197
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• 1977

Efficient utilization of cellulosic material as renewable resources is drawing an increasing degree of attention in the scientific community. As part of our endeavor to improve the production of cellulase complex system, several factors that influence production of cellulolytic enzyme system have been studied.