• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2007

A study on the control of free vibration and stability characteristics of rotating hollow circular shafts subjected to compressive axial forces is presented in this paper. Both passive structural tailoring technique and active control scheme via collocated piezoelectric sensing and actuation are used in the study Gyroscopic and centrifugal forces combined with the compressive axial force contribute to the occurrence of divergence and flutter instabilities of the rotating shaft. The dual methodology based on the passive and active control schemes shows a high degree of efficiency toward postponement of these instabilities and expansion of the domain of stability of the system. The structural model of the shaft is based on an advanced thin-walled beam structure that includes the non-classical effects of transverse shear, anisotropy of constituent materials and rotatory inertia.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2001

RQD는 암반의 파쇄정도를 평가하고 암반분류의 변수로서 중요하나 이방성 및 산정길이에 따른 오차를 내포하고 있다. 따라서 보다 정확하게 토목시공 대상암반의 RQD를 평가하기 위해서는 3차원공간에서치 RQD 변화특성을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 등각평사투영망상에 RQD의 3차원적 분포를 도시하고 산정길이와 절리빈도에 따른 RQD의 오차 정도를 파악하고자 하였으며 이후 설계과정에서의 영향을 검토하고 또한 이를 국내현장에 적용하여 보았다. 이러한 시도는 지질조사 결과를 보다 정확하게 설계 및 시공에 반영하고 이후 시공과정에서의 지질조사에도 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2012

Forged and flat-bar rolled STD11 tool steel shows anisotropic dimensional change during heat treatment. The dimensional change in the rolling direction is larger than that in the transverse direction. The cause of the anisotropic dimensional change is that the steel is anisotropic in composition, microstructure and other properties. The decrease of anisotropic distortion in tool steel is important for making better precision cold working dies. In this study, the effect of ingot weight and hot rolling reduction ratio on the anisotropic dimensional change of STD11 during heat treatment has been studied. Dimensional change was evaluated by simulating a real heat treatment process, including gas quenching and tempering. Experimental results showed that all the rolled flat-bar products had anisotropic distortion to some degree, but the anisotropic distortion was reduced as hot rolling ratio increased. Ingot weight had a little effect on anisotropic distortion. Microstructural observation showed that the anisotropic dimensional change of STD11 tool steel was closely related to the amount, shape and distribution of coarse carbides.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.181-203
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• 1991

The effects of geologic structures such as rock joins and bedding planes on the thermal conductivity of a discontinuous rock mass are studied. The expressions for the equivalent thermal conductivities of jointed rock masses are derived and found to be anisotropic. The degree of anisotropy depends primarily on the thermal properties contrast between the joint phase and surrounding intact rock, the joint density expressed as volume fraction and the inclination angle of the joint. Within the context of 2-dimensional finite element heat transfer scheme, the isotherms around a circular hole are analyzed for both the isotropic and anisotropic rock masses in 3 different thermal boundary conditions. i.e. temperature, heat flux and convection boundary conditions. The temperature in the stratified anisotripic rock mass is greatly influenced by the thermal properties of the rock formation in contact with the heat source. Using the excavation-temperature coupled elastic plastic finite element method, analyzed is the thermo-mechanical stability of a circular opening subjected to 10$0^{\circ}C$ at a depth of 527m. It is found that the thermal stress concentration was enough to deteriorate the stability and form a plastic yield zone around the opening, in contrast to the safety factor greater than 2 resulted form the excavation-only analysis.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.418-430
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• 2000

알칼리키토산과 프로필렌옥사이드를 반응시킴에 의해 유방성 및 열방성 액정상을 형성하는 새로운 히드록시프로필키토산(HPCTO)을 합성함과 동시에 HPCTO/메탄올의 유방성 액정용액에 glyoxal첨가하여 주형시킴에 의해 HPCTO의 가교필름들을 제조하였다. 가교필름들의 열 및 팽윤 특성을 검토하였다. 필름들은 cholesteric 액정상의 특징적인 지문조직을 나타내었으며 이들의 pitch는 온도 및 가교제의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 가교시료들은 물과 메탄을 중에서 이방성 팽윤을 나타내었으며, 이러한 사실은 HPCTO분자들간에 2차원적인 가교가 우선적으로 일어남을 시사한다. 이방성 팽윤의 정도는 용매의 종류에 크게 의존하나 검토된 가교제의 농도에는 의존하지 않았다.

• 소음진동
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 1999

In the first paper of this research$^{(1)}$. a new time series method. directional ARMAX (dARMAX) model-based approach. was proposed for rotordynamics identification. The dARMAX processes complex-valued signals, utilizing the complex modal testing theory which enables the separation of the backward and forward modes in the two-sided frequency domain and makes effective modal parameter identification possible. to account for the dynamic characteristics inherent in rotating machinery. In this second part. an evaluation of its performance characteristics based on both simulated and experimental data is presented. Numerical simulations are carried out to show that the method. a complex time series method. successfully implements the complex modal testing in the time domain. and it is superior in nature to the conventional ARMAX and the frequency-domain methods in the estimation of the modal parameters for isotropic and weakly anisotropic rotor systems. Experiments are carried out to demonstrate the applicability and the effectiveness of the dARMAX model-based approach, following the proposed fitting strategy. for the rotordynamics identification.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2012

한 개의 평면이방성 시험편으로부터 5개의 독립적 탄성상수를 결정할 수 있는 방법을 찾기 위하여 다중 시험편 시험을 수행하였다. 실험에는 유상구조가 뚜렷한 유문암의 7개의 서로 다른 각도를 갖는 총 35개 시험편을 사용하였다. 제 2보인 본 연구에서는 측정된 변형률과 해석된 탄성상수를 통계적으로 분석하고 참값을 결정하는데 중점을 두었다. 통계분석의 결과로서, 측정자료의 신뢰성은 충분히 확보되었으며, 15도 시료를 제외한 시료에서 SV 식의 적용성이 매우 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 각도가 증가함에 따라 탄성상수의 상대표준편차는 대체로 작아지는 경향진다. 이는 측정값의 편차가 작아지기 때문에 발생하는 현상이기도 하지만, 각도가 클수록 SV 식이 잘 적용되기 때문이라고 유추할 수 있다. 분석된 5개의 탄성상수의 크기는 높은 신뢰성을 갖고 있어 실험에서 얻을 수 있는 참값이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 값으로부터 예측한 겉보기 탄성계수는 실측된 크기들을 표현할 수 없는 것으로 판명되었다. 이러한 불일치로 미루어 겉보기 탄성계수의 크기를 감소시키거나 또는 전단변형률이 증가시키는 요인이 실험이나 평면이방성 특성에 존재한다고 판단된다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2000

질화철(FeN)막을 이용한 FeN/Co/Cu/Co와 FeN/Co/Cu/Co/Cu/Co/FeN 다층막의 자기저항효과를 조사하였다. 질소유량이 0.4 sccm 이상인 조건에서 제작한 FeN막의 결정구조는 $\alpha$-Fe와 $\varepsilon$-Fe$_3$N상의 혼합상이며 침상구조인 $\varepsilon$-Fe$_3$N상에 의해 유도되는 형상자기이방성 때문에 자기저항효과가 관찰된다. 자기저항효과는 FeN막의 질소 유량과 두께에 따라서 달라지며 이는 FeN막의 $\varepsilon$-Fe$_3$N상에 의해 유도되는 형상자기이방성이 자유층과 고착층에 미치는 범위가 질소유량과 두께에 따라 달라지기 때문이다. 자유층인 Co막의 두께가 70 $\AA$인 조건에서 가장 우수한 자기저항비와 자기저항감도를 나타내며 자기저항비는 질소유량이 0.5 sccm이고 두께가 250 $\AA$인 조건에서 제작된 FeN/Co/Cu/Co/Cu/Co/FeN 다층막에서 3.2 %로 최대값을 나타낸다. 이 다층막의 3개의 자성층은 각기 다른 보자력을 갖고 있으므로 자기저항곡선상에 각각의 보자력 차이에 의한 step을 형성하며 MRAM 등으로 응용시 4개의 신호를 동시에 구현할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between 3D bone architectural parameters and direction-related elastic moduli of cancellous bone of mandibular condyle. Materials and Methods: Two micro-pigs (Micro-$pig^R$, PWG Genetics Korea) were used. Each pig was about 12 months old and weighing around 44 kg. 31 cylindrical bone specimen were obtained from cancellous bone of condyles for 3D analysis and measured by micro-computed tomography. Six parameters were trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), bone specific surface (BS/BV), percent bone volume (BV/TV), structure model index (SMI), degree of anisotropy (DA) and 3-dimensional fractal dimension (3DFD). Elastic moduli of three orthogonal directions (superior-inferior (SI), medial-lateral (ML), andterior-posterior (AP) direction) were calculated through finite element analysis. Results: Elastic modulus of superior-inferior direction was higher than those of other directions. Elastic moduli of 3 orthogonal directions showed different correlation with 3D architectural parameters. Elastic moduli of SI and ML directions showed significant strong to moderate correlation with BV/TV, SMI and 3DFD. Conclusion: Elastic modulus of cancellous bone of pig mandibular condyle was highest in the SI direction and it was supposed that the change into plate-like structure of trabeculae was mainly affected by increase of trabeculae of SI and ML directions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.46-57
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• 2006

To estimate nondestructively strength performances of laminated woods, 3-ply parallel- and cross-laminated wood specimens exposed under atmosphere conditions after bending creep test were prepared for this study. The effects of density of species, arrangement of laminae and lamination types on dynamic MOE obtained by flexural vibration were investigated, and regression analyses were conducted in order to estimate static bending strength and bending creep performances. Dynamic MOE of parallel-laminated woods showed 1.0~1.2 times higher values than static bending MOE, and those of cross-laminated woods showed 1.0~1.4 times higher values than static bending MOE. The degree of anisotropy of dynamic MOE perpendicular to the grain of face laminae versus that parallel to the grain of face laminae was markedly decreased by cross-laminating. There were strong correlations between dynamic MOE by flexural vibration and static bending MOE (correlation coefficient r = 0.919~0.972) or bending MOR (correlation coefficient r = 0.811~0.947) of 3-ply laminated woods, and the correlation coefficient were higher in parallel-laminated woods than in cross-laminated woods. It indicated that static bending strength performances were able to be estimated from dynamic MOE by flexural vibration. Also, close correlations between the reciprocal of dynamic MOE by flexural vibration and initial compliance at 0.008 h of 3-ply laminated woods were found (correlation coefficient r = 0.873~0.991). However, the correlation coefficient between the reciprocal of dynamic MOE and creep compliance at 168 h of 3-ply laminated woods was considerably lower than those between dynamic MOE and initial compliance, and it was hard to estimate creep compliance with a high accuracy from dynamic MOE due to the variation of creep deformation.