• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.177-194
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• 1997

This thesis, deduced from studying eastern and western medical records, deals with geriatric demedtia in modern society. The result were obtained as follows : 1. Dementia is a kind of chronic, progressive, degenerative disease. The chief expression and pathogenic change of the disease is organic: e.g., extensive change such as cerebrum - atrophy, and denaturalization result. in such a situation intellectual capacities and the ability to enjoy daily life deteriorate trenendously. 2. A basic internal cause of the disease is Defficiencies of the heart, liver and kidneys. An exterior cause is an Excessiveness of the 'Dam'(痰), 'Blood Stasis', 'Fung'(風) and 'Fire'. In a Western Medical view, the reason for dementia is due to the onset of Alzheimer's disease and Brain anemia resulting from Multi - infarction or some other reason. If the white - matter of the brain is injured, then dementia easily to results. 3. Disease symptoms result in troubles in intellectual functions : e.g., memory, orientation, intelligence, judgement, common sence and calculating abilities. 4. The proper therapeutic treatment depends on the causes. When the Deficiency is serious, Fortification (heart, liver. and kidney deficiency) is applied and Decrease is follow. When Excessiveness of wrong is serious, the Decrease is tried before the supplement measure is used depending on the deficiency, which generally is used together with 'Fortify Right - Decreace Wrong'. 5. If the disease wasn't caused by some mental reason, it's difficult to be cured of the disease. When the degree of the disease is light and it doesn't continue for a long time, the therapeutic treatment can block the disease's progress and improve the patient's symptoms.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2021

본 연구는 그림책을 활용한 시각화 기억훈련 프로그램의 프로토콜을 개발하고 임상에 적용하기 위하여 유용성을 확인하고자 한다. 경도치매 환자 5명을 대상으로 총 5회기의 시각화 기억훈련 프로그램을 진행하였다. 프로그램 진행 전후 단어 기억력, 전반적 기억력검사, 및 우울감검사를 시행하여 그 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 프로그램 시행 후 전반적 기억력의 향상이 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 반면 우울감에는 통계적으로 유의미한 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 단어 기억력에 있어 일부 대상자는 인출 및 재인의 향상을 보였고 일부 대상자는 변화가 없거나 더 나빠진 것으로 나타났다. 본 프로그램은 일부 경도치매 환자의 기억력 향상에 도움이 되며 우울감이 감소하는 정서적 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 향후 그룹 인지치료 모델로 널리 활용되길 바라며 더 많은 대상자 수의 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1881-1891
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• 2004

Daejowhan-gamibang(DJG) is used to prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, dementia, hyperlipdemia circulatory disturbance. Korean traditional herbal prescriptions and herb medicines in neuronal cells, which have been used for the treatment of stroke and brain diseases in Korean traditional medicine were screened to study the antioxidant effects and its mechanism. Daejowhan-gamibang water extract(DJGWE) was tested on their antioxidant activity using radical scavenging effects against ABTS. It showed significant antioxidant capacities at 50㎍ concentration. The antioxidant activity of DJGWE was determined in the different concentration (10㎍, 50 ㎍, and 100㎍). At the same time, the antiperoxidation effects was determined. Lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates induced by NADPH and ADP-Fe/sup 2+/ was significantly inhibited by DJGWE in vitro. DJGWE showed a potent antioxidant and antiperoxidative activity, further investigation, in vitro and in vivo, will be needed for the confirm of possibility as an antioxidant therapeutic agents and their optimal treatment of brain diseases in human. In searching the mechanism of antioxidant effects of DJGWE, it showed the inhibition of activity of JNK, p38, ERK and caspase 3 induced by hypoxia. So, DJGWE should be surveyed for the use of the potential therapeutic prescription for stroke and brain degenerative diseases such as pakinson's disease, dementia.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Fresh ginseng is prone to spoilage due to its high moisture content. For long-term storage, most fresh ginsengs are dried to white ginseng (WG) or steamed for hours at high temperature/pressure and dried to form Korean Red ginseng (KRG). They are further processed for ginseng products when subjected to hot water extraction/concentration under pressure. These WG or KRG preparation processes affect ginsenoside compositions and also other ginseng components, probably during treatments like steaming and drying, to form diverse bioactive phospholipids. It is known that ginseng contains high amounts of gintonin lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs). LPAs are simple lipid-derived growth factors in animals and humans and act as exogenous ligands of six GTP-binding-protein coupled LPA receptor subtypes. LPAs play diverse roles ranging from brain development to hair growth in animals and humans. LPA-mediated signaling pathways involve various GTP-binding proteins to regulate downstream pathways like [Ca²⁺]_i transient induction. Recent studies have shown that gintonin exhibits anti-Alzheimer's disease and antiarthritis effects in vitro and in vivo mediated by gintonin LPAs, the active ingredients of gintonin, a ginseng-derived neurotrophin. However, little is known about how gintonin LPAs are formed in high amounts in ginseng compared to other herbs. This review introduces atypical or non-enzymatic pathways under the conversion of ginseng phospholipids into gintonin LPAs during steaming and extraction/concentration processes, which exert beneficial effects against degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and arthritis in animals and humans via LPA receptors.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2020

Cognitive impairment is symptoms of dementia, a degenerative brain disease that is drawing attention in a rapidly aging society. This study was conducted to investigate the improvement of cognitive function of Leonurus japonicus on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and the effect and mechanism of memory recovery. In vivo studies were conducted on mice orally pretreated with L. japonicus in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg (p.o.) and scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) were injected 30 min before the behavioral task. Antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity evaluated by Ellman's method. In behavior studies showed that L. japonicus has an improved the memory of scopolamine-treated mice in Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze test. In addition, L. japonicus was also exerted free radical scavenging activity and inhibited acetyl cholinesterase activity. These results suggest that L. japonicus improves short-term and long-term memory in scopolamine-induced memory decline model and prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairments through in reduced oxidative stress and acetyl cholinesterase inhibition effect. Thus, L. japonicus is related to functional medicinal materials for prevention and treatment of human dementia patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.833-845
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• 2021

Parkinson's syndrome is a degenerative brain disease that presents characteristic motor symptoms of tremor, rigidity, and gait disturbance. In addition to these motor symptoms, Parkinson's syndrome also presents non-motor symptoms (NMSs) such as sleep disturbance and cognitive decline. NMSs reduce patient's quality of life and psychosocial functioning and cause economic burden on the patient, so appropriate evaluation and treatment are required. Lewy body dementia is one of the several diseases belonging to Parkinson's syndrome. Its symptoms such as cognitive function, memory impairment, and hallucinations occur with Parkinsonism. Although drug therapy is being used with drug treatment to treat non-motor symptoms, it has limitations such as side effects, which stimulated interest in other complementary treatment methods such as oriental medicine treatment, dance, and yoga. The patient in this case complained of tremor in the right upper extremity, muscle hypertension and pain, and persistent vision, memory, and cognitive decline. The patient was diagnosed with probable Lewy body dementia. The patient was hospitalized for 4 months and received acupuncture and herbal medicines. After treatment, the patient's NMS scale scores decreased from 90 to 63, and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores (summed I, II, and III) decreased from 17 points to 8 points. The Beck Depression Inventory score decreased from 22 points to 13 points. In addition, the patient's subjective evaluation revealed improvement. In this case, a patient diagnosed with probable Lewy body dementia who did not respond to the standard treatment and did not want to take medications showed improvement in not only motor symptoms but also NMSs after integrative Korean medicine treatment.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2010

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and constitutes about two thirds of dementia. Despite a lot of effort to find drugs for AD worldwide, an efficient medicine that can cure AD has not come yet, which is due to the complicated pathogenic pathways and progressively degenerative properties of AD. In its early clinical phase, it is important to find the subtle alterations in synapses responsible for memory because symptoms of AD patients characteristically start with pure impairment of memory. Attempts to find the target synaptic proteins and their pathogenic pathways will be the most powerful alternative strategy for developing AD medicine. Here we review recent progress in deciphering the role of target synaptic proteins related to AD in hippocampal glutamatergic synapses.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.116-130
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• 2020

The aging society is globally one of biggest issue because it is related with various degenerative brain disease such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and cerebrovascular disease. These diseases are characterized by misfolded-protein aggregation; another pathological trait is "neuroinflammation". In physiological state, the resting microglia cells are activated and it removes abnormal synapses and cell membrane debris to maintain the homeostasis. In pathological state, however, microglia undergo morphological change form 'resting' to 'activated amoeboid phenotype' and the microglia cells are accumulated by neuronal damage, the inflammatory reactions induced nerve metamorphosis with a variety of neurotoxic factors including cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species. Thus, the activated microglia cell with various receptors (TSPO, COX, CR, P2XR, etc.) was perceived as important biomarkers for imaging the inflammatory progression. In this review, we would like to introduce the current status of the development of radiotracers that can image activated microglia.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2011

특징 순위 방법은 데이터에 대한 정보와 관련된 특징을 구별하는데 유용하게 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 혈소판으로부터 측정된 라만 스펙트럼에서 퇴행성 뇌신경질환과 혈관성 인지증의 분류에 특징 순위를 이용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 퇴행성 뇌신경 질환인 알츠하이머병(Alzheimer's disease)과 파킨슨병(Parkinson's disease) 그리고 혈관성 인지증(vascular dementia)을 유도한 실험용 쥐의 혈소판에서 측정한 스펙트럼은 가우시안 모델을 이용한 커브 피팅으로 노이즈를 제거하고 로컬 최저점에 선형 보간법(linear interpolation)으로 배경 잡음을 제거한다. 전처리 과정을 수행한 스펙트럼에서 분류정확도와 계산복잡도를 개선하기 위해 특징 순위 방법을 이용하여 주요 특징을 선택하였다. 선택된 특징들은 PCA(principal component analysis) 방법으로 변환하여 주성분의 수를 변화시키며 MAP(maximum a posteriori)으로 분류하고 전체 특징을 사용한 경우의 분류 결과와 비교하였다. 실험 결과에서 제안한 방법을 적용한 모든 실험에서 분류 시스템의 계산복잡도를 현저하게 감소시키고 분류정확도는 부분적으로 증가하였다. 특히 파킨슨병과 정상을 분류하는 실험에서 제안한 방법이 전체 특징을 사용한 경우보다 모든 주성분의 수에서 분류정확도가 높았으며 평균 1.7 %의 성능이 향상되었다. 이 결과에서 분류정확도와 계산복잡도의 개선을 고려하면 제안한 방법이 혈소판 라만 스펙트럼에서 퇴행성 뇌신경질환과 혈관성 인지증의 분류 시스템에 효율적으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 1999

뇌공학 분야에서 개발된 연상기억의 능력을 가지는 Hopfield 신경망을 구성하고, 신경정신질환 중에서 시냅스의 손실과 관련이 되어서 생기는 치매와 일부 정신분열증의 모델로 변형시키기 위하여 인공신경망의 시냅스를 Hoffman의 시냅스 제거법칙과 무작위 방법에 따라 제거하면서, 그에 따른 기억능력의 변화를 관찰하였다. 구성된 컴퓨터모델에서 기억능력의 저하는 시냅스의 감소가 상당히 진행되어야 나타났으며, Hoffman의 시냅스 제거법칙에 따랐을 때는 80% 제거를 기점으로 급격하게 나타났으며, 무작위 제거시는 더 적은 시냅스 제거율인 40% 제거 때부터 점진적으로 나타나는 양상을 보였다. 컴퓨터 모델의 기억력저하 양상이 실제환자에서 관찰되는 기억력저하 양상을 설명할 수 있기 위해서는 증상이 발현되는 시점의 시냅스 소실의 정도는 얼마나 되는지, 또한 시냅스의 소실은 어떤 규칙에 의해 일어나는지 아니면 무작위로 일어나는지에 관한 생물학적 실험의 필요성이 부각되었다. 이와 같이 컴퓨터모델을 이용하여 모의실험을 하고 연구의 방향을 잡은 후에 생물학적 실험으로 검증해 나간다면, 매우 효율적인 이론과 실험의 공조체제를 이루어 신경정신질환의 이해를 도울 수 있을 것이다.