• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.115-118
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• 2003

Purpose: We are going to present a report from clinical and radiographic results of hallux valgus done only by soft-tissue procedure, when intermetatarsal joint is totally unfit under mild to moderate deformity. Materials and Methods: As a retrospective study, among all the patients who went under the surgery for hallux valgus, and of those who were possible to follow up,(excluding those whose intermetatarsal joint is fit) it was done over 28 cases (18 patients). the soft-tissue procedure was all done by Modified Mc Bride. Results: Hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle each showed correction of $19.4^{\circ}$ and $5.2^{\circ}$, and from the final follow up, they were each decreased by $5.1^{\circ}$ and $1.5^{\circ}$. 21% (6case) were recurred, in one case, the intermetatarsal angle decreasing 120 and the other 5 case all decreased by $13^{\circ}$. Conclusion: when the intermetatarsal joint is unfit and there is no degenerative change, and, if the intermetatarsal angle is not large, moderate hallux valgus can show a good result, just by the distal soft-tissue procedure. a critical indication and a well through out preparation can reduce unneccessary surgeries.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.181-181
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• 2003

Objectives : Vocal fold augmentation using injectable material is an easy and simple operation. This study is to evaluate the histology of minced and injected autologous auricular cartilage and fat graft in the augmentation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis using a canine model for two years. Study Design : A prospective study with the contralateral side of the larynx used as the control Methods : Twelve dogs were operated. At first, a piece of auricular cartilage was harvested from ear and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel and scissors. And also, a piece of fat tissue was harvested from inguinal area and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel and scissors. The minced cartilage and fat-paste (0.2ml) was injected using a pressure syringe into the paralyzed thyroarytenoid muscle under direct laryngoscopy. Two animals were sacrificed at 3 days, three at 3 weeks. two at 3 months. one at 6 months, one at 12 months, three at 24 months. Each dog underwent laryngectomy and serial coronal sections of paraffin blocks from the posterior part of the vocal fold were made. Result : There was no significant complication perioperatively and during follow-up. There was acute inflammatory findings in the graft at 3 days and 3 weeks. Only a very small proportion of the injected cartilage was absorbed due to the degenerative change and the overall volume was preserved even when the cells died out. The injected cartilage remained in the larynx until 24 months. Conclusion : The autologous cartilage implant using auricular cartilage was the ideal vocal cord augmentative material for the treatment of glottic incompetence.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.237-241
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• 2009

Purpose: An osteochondroma, also known as osteocartilaginous exostosis, is a common bone tumor, but rarely occurs in the facial bone, especially in the zygoma body. Because most of the craniofacial bones develop from intramembranous ossification, osteochondromas are relatively infrequent in mesenchymal bones of the head and neck. The osteochondroma of the facial bone is a slow growing, painless mass, causes facial asymmetry. In spine and other extremities, it rarely changes malignant, but untill now, there is no evidence of malignant change in facial bone. We herein describe a rare case of osteochondroma occuring on zygoma body with review of the literature. Method: A 50 - year - old male has painless, slowly growing mass on a right cheek for several years. For a diagnosis, CT and whole body bone scan were done and a diagnosis, osteochondroma was made. The tumor was removed with osteotome under general anesthesia. Result: Radiography showed a well - defined calcified mass attatched to the anterior aspect of the right zygoma body. And pathologic exam showed degenerative chondocyte and cancellous bone. As a result, these appearance is that of an osteochondroma. Conclusion: An osteochondroma is a common bone tumor, but rarely occurs in the facial bone. To the authors knowldege, this is the first case of osteochondroma occuring on zygoma in korea, body. For this case, we reviewed literature related to this topic.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2015.03a
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• pp.14-23
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• 2015

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common types of degenerative dementia. As a considerable cause of Alzheimer's disease, neurotoxic plaques composed of 39 to 42 residue-long amyloid beta($A{\beta}$) fibrils have been found in the patient's brain in large quantity. A previous study found that erythrosine B (ER), a red color food dye approved by FDA, inhibits the formation of amyloid beta fibril structures. Here, in an attempt to elucidate the inhibition mechanism, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate the conformational change of $A{\beta}40$ induced by 2 ERs in atomistic detail. During the simulation, the ERs bound to the surfaces of both N-terminus and C-terminus regions of $A{\beta}40$ rapidly. The observed stacking of the ERs and the aromatic side chains near the N-terminus region suggests a possible inhibition mechanism in which disturbing the inter-chain stacking of PHEs destabilizes beta-sheet enriched in amyloid beta fibrils. The bound ERs block water molecules and thereby help stabilizing alpha helical structure at the main chain of C-terminus and interrupt the formation of the salt-bridge ASP23-LYS28 at the same time. Our findings can help better understanding of the current and upcoming treatment studies for Alzheimer's disease by suggesting inhibition mechanism of ER on the conformational transition of $A{\beta}40$ at the molecular level.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.276-278
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• 2009

A 1 year 4 months old, male Poodle was presented with a history of non weight bearing lameness and pain of the right forelimb by trauma. Orthopedic examination and radiographs were revealed medial shoulder luxation and scapular fracture. Biceps tendon was translocated to the lesser tubercle and secured to the humerus. Despite of it could be a potential cause of degenerative change of the joint, a favorable result was achieved for more than 3 years follow-up.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.195-204
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop cardiovascular health related percent body-fat standards that may be applied to epidemiologic investigations of the prevalence and incidence of obesity in adolescents, pediatric health screenings, and youth fitness tests. The subjects included 102 males and 80 females aged 19～22years. All subject were Honam University Students Total body fat was derived from body density which was estimated from age and the triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness measured with Lang calipers to the nearst l.0mm. Serum total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol fraction(HDL-CLDL-C) were measured from blood obtained from fore arm vein after blood pressure measurement. In analyses to determine critical fat levels associated with elevated CDD(Chronic Degenerative Disease) risk factors;male and female were grouped by level of percent fat as follows: male, 〈 10%, 10-14.9%, 15-19.9%, 20-24.9%, and $\geq$ 25%;female, 〈 20%, 20-24.9%, 25-29.9%, 30-34.9%, and $\geq$ 35%. As the results of the data, the conclusions were as follows: 1. A dose respones effect was observed between blood pressure and percent body fat in males and females; in contrast, total cholesterol and lipoprotein ratios were relatively independant of percent fat among the lower four fatness group in males and the lower three fatness groups in females. 2. The percentage of subjects in the uppermost quintile for S-Bp, D-Bp, TC, LDL/H was significantly(P〈.05) greater than expected by change alone(20%) in males with $\geq$ 25% fat and in females with $\geq$ 30% fat females with $\geq$35% had even greater representation in the uppermost quintile of all CDD risk factors compared to females with 30-34.9% fat.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1368-1378
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• 2009

Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an important genomic response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The ER response is characterized by changes in specific proteins, induction of ER chaperones and degradation of misfolded proteins. Also, the pathogenesis of several diseases like Alzheimer's disease, neuronal degenerative diseases, and diabetes reveal the role of ER stress as one of the causative mechanisms. Borneolum has been used for neuronal disease in oriental medicine. In the present study, the protective effect of borneolum on thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in rat C6 glial cells. Treatment with C6 glial cells with 5 uM thapsigargin caused the loss of cell viability, and morphological change, which was associated with the elevation of intracellular $Ca^{++}$ level, the increase in Grp78 and CHOP and cleavage of pro-caspase 12 Furthermore, thapsigargin induced Grp98, XBP1, and ATF4 protein expression in C6 glial cells. Borneolum reduced thapsigargin-induced apoptosis through ER pathways. In the ER pathway, borneolum attenuated thapsigargin-induced elevations in Grp78, CHOP, ATF4, and XBP1 as well as reductions in pro-caspase 12 levels. Also, our data showed that borneolum protected thapsigargin-induced cytotoxicity in astrocytes from rat (P3) brain. Taken together, our data suggest that borneolum is neuroprotective against thapsigargin-induced ER stress in C6 glial cells and astrocytes. Accordingly, borneolum may be therapeutically useful for the treatment of thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in central nervous system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.260-264
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• 2006

Objective : The retrospective study is undertaken to report clinical results of anterior cervical interbody fusion with an intradiscal cage with an integrated plate [PCB cervical plating system]. Methods : 38 patients underwent anterior cervical interbody fusion with PCB cervical plating system and followed $6{\sim}24\;months$. The authors investigated overall surgical results; clinical outcome, fusion rate, change of interspace height & lordotic angle, and complications. Results : No complication was observed during the operation. Clinical improvement was identified in 34 cases [89.5%]. Bone fusion observed in 44 out of 49 sites [90.7%]. After operation, the interspace height increased from $5.4{\pm}1.3mm$ to $7.8{\pm}1.5mm$ and maintained $7.4{\pm}1.1mm$ and, interspace angle went up from $4.2{\pm}0.7^{\circ}$ to $4.8{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$ and maintained $4.6{\pm}$0.9^{\circ}. The loosening of screw was observed in 6 cases, one of which had reoperation because of the expulsion of the device accompanied. Conclusion : PCB cervical plating system could restore interbody height and lordosis in anterior cervical interbody fusion. But, if the insertion of the spacer is not precise, the frequencies of hardware failure are relatively high. It is considered necessary for the operator to be careful in the procedure.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.158-164
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• 2019

The interbody fusion cage used to replace the degenerative intervertebral disc is largely composed of titanium-based biomaterials and biopolymer materials such as PEEK. Titanium is characterized by osseointergration and biocompatibility, but it is posed that the phenomenon such as subsidence can occur due to high elastic modulus versus bone. On the other hand, PEEK can control the elastic modulus in a similar to bone, but there is a problem that the osseointegration is limited. The purpose of this study was to implement titanium material's stiffness similar to that of bone by applying cellular structure, which is able to change the stiffness. For this purpose, the cellular structure A (BD, Body Diagonal Shape) and structure B (QP, Quadral Pod Shape) with porosity of 50%, 60%, 70% were proposed and the reinforcement structure was suggested for efficient strength reinforcement and the stiffness of each model was evaluated. As a result, the stiffness was reduced by 69~93% compared with Ti6Al4V ELI material, and the stiffness most similar to cortical bone is calculated with the deviation of about 12% in the BD model with 60% porosity. In this study, the interbody fusion cage made of Ti6Al4V ELI material with stiffness similar to cortical bone was implementing by applying cellular structure. Through this, it is considered that the limitation of the metal biomaterial by the high elastic modulus may be alleviated.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.447-459
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• 2021

Objective : Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) is becoming the preferred treatment for degenerative lumbar diseases. As beginners, we performed 143 surgeries over 19 months. In these consecutive cases, we analyzed the learning curve and reviewed the complications in our experience. Methods : This was a retrospective study; however, complications that were well known in the previous literature were strictly recorded prospectively. We followed up the changes in estimated blood loss (EBL), operation time, and transient psoas paresis according to case accumulation to analyze the learning curve. Results : Complication-free patients accounted for 43.6% (12.9%, early stage 70 patients and 74.3%, late stage 70 patients). The most common complication was transient psoas paresis (n=52). Most of these complications occurred in the early stages of learning. C-reactive protein normalization was delayed in seven patients (4.89%). The operation time showed a decreasing trend with the cases; however, EBL did not show any significant change. Notable operation-induced complications were cage malposition, vertebral body fracture, injury to the ureter, and injury to the lumbar vein. Conclusion : According to the learning curve, the operation time and psoas paresis decreased. It is important to select an appropriately sized cage along with clear dissection of the anterior border of the psoas muscle to prevent OLIF-specific complications.