• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1990

A series of 19 cases with maxillary hyperplasia and mandibular retrognathia were operated on by simultaneous superior repositioning of the maxilla after Le Fort I osteotomy and anterior repositioning of the mandible after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomies with or without osteotomy of the inferior border of the mandible. These were evaluated by retrospective cephalometric and computer analysis for the longitudinal skeletal and dental changes for an average of 17.1 months after surgery. For stabilization of the osteotomized segments, the authors used wire osteosynthesis by means of bilateral infraorbital and zygomatic buttress suspension wire at the maxilla, and direct interosseous wire at the split segments of the mandibular rami. Results show generally good stability after simultaneous maxillary and mandibular surgery with wire osteosynthesis, and a minimal to moderate tendency toward skeletal and dental relapse. This article is a preliminary study to defy the efficiency of the wire osteosynthesis (wo)compared with rigid internal fixation (RIF) for simultaneous maxillary and mandibular surgery. 1. The vertical relapse rate of the A point after superior repositioning of the maxilla is 2.2%. 2. The horizontal relapse rate of the B point after advancement of the mandible is 18.3%. 3. The condyle is distracted inferiorly and slightly posteriorly at the immediate postoperative period. 4. At the long term follow up examination, the condyle presents tendency of return to the preoperative position. 5. Condylar segment angle is decreased at the immediate postoperative period, and at the long term follow up evaluation, the angle is increased. 6. Gonial angle is increased at the immediate postoperative period, and then is decreased at the long term follow up evaluation. 7. The dentition is satisfactory with acceptable movement at the long term follow up evaluation. 8. At the mandibular free body analysis, genioplasty shows good stability. 9. Wire osteosynthesis provides excellent stabilization for the simultaneous maxillary and mandibular surgery.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 1980

In Korea, the collapse of traditional Patriarchal family system has caused the weakening the patriarchal authority which represents the decrease of traditional attitude of respect for old age, influenced by the strong tendency of Materialism in ethics. The urgent problem is how to solve the conflicts of the alienation almost every old people has felt from the society and family which they belong to and how to harmonize the respect for old age who used to have had in the past. From 21st to 30th of July 1979, I explored the small village in Cheju Island with eight students which I selected on purpose that village had preserved the traditionalism. I collected the interview data form a sample of 221 persons of the village in Cheju Island. I studied this small village in Cheju Island for the intention of suggesting the ideal model of regional society which both traditional and non-formal, although the phenomena of nuclear family system and materialism and industrialism are overwhelming in ur present society. Generally people in Cheju Island are economically poor and major occupation is farming, since the industrialization proceeds very slowly and there still strongly remains the traditionalism. Alienation and dissatisfaction of old people from their family and society in Cheju island are less common in comparison to the main land. Old people in Cheju Island usually value the importance of labour. Divison of labour has been well observed in farming, and men and women in Cheju island are equally regarded in comparison to the main land. Old people are independent economically and spiritually from their offsprings and they organize the nuclear family system firmly. Also the old generation is ready to compromise with the new generation and they defy the authoritariansim.

• 셀메드
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.9.1-9.10
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• 2013

In traditional systems of medicine including homeopathy, the Condurango extract (Con) is often used to cure stomach cancer mainly, without having any scientific validation of its anti-cancer ability. Con has therefore been tested against non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) A549 and NCI-H522 (H522) known to contain the KRAS mutation, making them resistant to most chemotherapeutic agents. As cancer cells generally defy cytotoxicity developed by chemopreventive agents and escape cell death, any drug showing the capability of preferentially killing cancer cells through apoptosis is worth consideration for judicious application. A549 and H522 cells were exposed to $0.35{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ and $0.25{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of Con, respectively, for 48 h and analysed based on various protocols associated with apoptosis and DNA damage, such as MTT assay to determine cell viability, LDH assay, DNA fragmentation assay, comet assay, and microscopical examinations of DNA binding fluorescence stains like DAPI, Hoechst 33258 and acridine orange/ethidium bromide to determine the extent of DNA damage made in drug-treated and untreated cells and the results compared. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and the generation of reactive oxygen species were also documented through standard techniques. Con killed almost 50% of the cancer cells but spared normal cells significantly. Fluorescence studies revealed increased DNA nick formation and depolarized membrane potentials after drug treatment in both cell types. Caspase-3 expression levels confirmed the apoptosis-inducing potential of Con in both the NSCLC lines. Thus, overall results suggest considerable anticancer potential of Con against NSCLC in vitro, validating its use against lung cancer by practitioners of traditional medicine including homeopathy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.88-101
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• 2018

본고는 니콜라 부리오(Nicolas Bourriaud)의 포스트프로덕션(Postproduction) 개념에 토대하여 동시대 예술 형식의 상호성과 공유 가능성을 통시적 관점에서 분석하였다. 표본 사례로 예시한 올라퍼 알리아슨(Olafur Eliasson), 리크리트 티라바니자(Rirkrit Tiravanija,), 아이 웨이웨이(Ai WeiWei)의 근작에서 예술은 전지구적 현안에의 관여를 유도하는 실행 체계이자 협업 시스템으로서 제시된다. 이러한 형식주의 작업 양상은 탈중심을 넘어 사용자 중심으로 재편되고 있는 동시대 IT 네트워크 환경과 경험을 투영한다. 예술과 비예술의 경계가 모호해진 시장주의 현실에 대한 대응 방안으로서 예술가들은 공유와 확장성을 지향하는 사용자 문화를 적극 포용하고 있다. 작품의 생산과 유통 과정에 수용자가 직접 개입할 수 있도록 작업체계는 분산적으로 구축되는데, 이는 기존의 관객 참여형 예술과 궤를 함께 하면서도 매체 실험을 넘어서는 것이다. 여기서 온오프라인을 넘나들며 탈정형적 연대를 추구하는 사용자들이 서로에게 잠재된 가능성을 일깨워내는 쇄신 주체로 상정된다. 참여 양식이 집단 지성에 대한 상호 신뢰를 토대로 유무형의 자원 공유와 네트워킹에 기반하면서, 예술은 대안적 현실을 모색하는 공론장이자 플랫폼으로 제시되고 있다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 1994년도 추계학술발표회 및 정기총회
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• pp.1-2
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• 1994

With the prevalence of computers in modern organizations, simulation is receiving more atention as an effectvie decision -making tool. Simualtion is a computer-based numerical technique which uses mathmatical and logical models to approximate the behaviror of a real-world system. However, iptimization of synamic stochastic systems often defy analytical and algorithmic soluions. Although a simulation approach is often free fo the liminting assumption s of mathematical modeling, cost and time consiceration s make simulation the henayst's last resort. Therefore, whenever possible, analytical and algorithmica solutions are favored over simulation. This paper discussed the issues and procedrues for using simulation as a tool for optimization of stochastic complex systems that are dmodeled by computer simulation . Its emphasis is mostly on issues that are speicific to simulation optimization instead of consentrating on the general optimizationand mathematical programming techniques . A simulation optimization problem is an optimization problem where the objective function. constraints, or both are response that can only be evauated by computer simulation. As such, these functions are only implicit functions of decision parameters of the system, and often stochastic in nature as well. Most of optimization techniqes can be classified as single or multiple-resoneses techniques . The optimization of single response functins has been researched extensively and consists of many techniques. In the single response category, these strategies are gradient based search techniques, stochastic approximate techniques, response surface techniques, and heuristic search techniques. In the multiple response categroy, there are basically five distinct strategies for treating the responses and finding the optimum solution. These strategies are graphica techniqes, direct search techniques, constrained optimization techniques, unconstrained optimization techniques, and goal programming techniques. The choice of theprocedreu to employ in simulation optimization depends on the analyst and the problem to be solved. For many practival and industrial optimization problems where some or all of the system components are stochastic, the objective functions cannot be represented analytically. Therefore, modeling by computersimulation is one of the most effective means of studying such complex systems. In this paper, after discussion of simulation optmization techniques, the applications of above techniques will be presented in the modeling process of many flexible manufacturing systems.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.91-117
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• 2020

This study aimed to understand the relationships among the institutional pressure and the level of compliance and corporate value. The research focuses on four main variables, which are regulatory pressure, normative pressure, and cultural-cognitive pressure as the institutional pressure, and the CSR score as the level of the firm's compliance. We examined the impact of the institutional pressure on the firm's compliance-level, together with the effect of compliance level on the corporate value. We analyzed the 3,792 CSR data listed in China's A market and 31 province and city-level data from China. Results showed that institutional pressure had a positive influence on the firm's compliance level. The corporate value was greater with a high compliance level when the institutional pressure was high. The firm's compliance level negatively influenced corporate value when the institutional pressure was low. This study took into account a level of institutional pressures in three dimensions when investigating the effect of CSR compliance level on the corporate value. Thus, this study has a unique academic contribution by demonstrating that CSR activities can have a positive or negative effect depending on the institutional environment for each firm. The findings of this study also provide valuable insights to industry practitioners by suggesting the importance of considering the institution-specific condition when deciding to comply with the institutional pressure.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제44권
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• pp.7-28
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• 2016

이 글에서는 푸에르토리코에 깊게 뿌리내린 인종주의를 이해하기 위해 세 가지 핵심적 용어를 중심으로 흑인성에 대한 사회문화적 배경을 살펴보고자 한다. 카세리오스, 레게톤, 트리게뇨스는 모두 푸에르토리코 사회의 인종민주주의 이데올로기와 깊은 연관이 있다. 카세리오스는 저소득층을 위한 공동주택으로서 범죄척결의 대상지로 지목되면서 흑인성에 고착된 폭력성과 무절제한 성, 가난의 이미지를 보다 확산시키는 결과를 낳았다. 레게톤은 2000년대 중반 세계적인 성공을 거두면서 푸에르토리코 섬뿐만 아니라 뉴욕 푸에르토리코의 아프로디아스포라의 음악적 힘에 주목하게 만들었다. 아프리카계 카리브 음악의 부상과 확산을 통해 푸에르토리코 문화적 정체성에서 흑인성이 갖는 의미를 재발견하는 계기가 되었다. 트리게뇨스는 물라토의 다른 이름으로서 최근 들어 혼혈인을 아우르는 통합적 용어로 자주 사용된다. 인종민주주의의 허상을 드러내는 한계와 더불어 흑인성의 대안적 개념이 될 수 있는 가능성을 지니고 있다. 이 세 가지 개념을 둘러싼 논의들은 고착화된 인종주의를 드러냄과 동시에 극복을 위한 문화적 노력과 잠재력을 엿보게 해준다. 인종적 불평등과 위계적 사회질서에 대해 역사적으로 침묵하도록 만든 인종주의의 고질성과 편재성에 저항하기 위해서 보다 강력하고 대응적인 문화정치학이 필요할 것이다.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.25-52
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• 2019

에스페르펜토는 바예 인클란의 문학에서 가장 독창적인 미학체계로 현실을 오목거울에 반영된 모습으로 그리는 기법이다. 그런데 바예 인클란의 독창적인 미학 체계인 에스페르펜토의 서술전략은 많은 지점에서 마하일 바흐친의 카니발리즘과 맞닿아 있다. 『보헤미아의 빛』에서 사용된 에스페르펜토의 여러 기법들이 바흐친의 카니발리즘적인 기법으로 설명될 수 있기 때문이다. 이에 본 논문은 바예 인클란의 『보헤미아의 빛』에 나오는 에스페르펜토적인 기법을 바흐친의 카니발리즘의 차원에서 되짚어보는 것을 목표로 한다. 바예 인클란의 첫 번째 에스페르펜토 극작품인 『보헤미아의 빛』은 다성성, 진지함의 전복성, 패러디, 그로테스크적 리얼리즘, 광장, 양가성, 변칙적인 시공간의 구조 등의 층위에서 지배계층의 권력이나 권위의 탈중심적인 전복을 추구하고 있다는 점에서 미하일 바흐친의 카니발적인 요소를 많이 함유하고 있다. 에스페란토와 카니발주의는 당시 스페인 사회에 대한 비판과 풍자를 넘어 사회 현실을 해석하는 도구이다. 등장인물들은 고전 영웅들처럼 자신의 운명을 적극적으로 개척하기 보다는 인간의 운명을 결정하는 모든 외부적인 요인에 수동적으로 행동한다. 현대인은 현대 문명의 외적인 환경에 대항하거나 그것을 통제하지 못한다. 그래서 비극적이다. 이런 상황에서 현실에 도전하는 비극의 영웅은 사라지고, 이 작품의 주인공인 막스 에스트레야와 같은 꼭두각시가 그 자리를 대체한다. 이것이 바예 인클란이 『보헤미아의 빛』에서 시도한 카니발적 유머의 진정한 의미이자 풍자이다.