• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1996년도 The 9th KACG Technical Annual Meeting and the 3rd Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.526-526
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• 1996

The single crystal of LiTaO3 is well known eletro-optic material as well as the piezoelectric one applied to SAW filter. LiTaO3 has large electro-optic effects, so applied to optical switch, acosto-optic deflector, and optical memory device using photorefractive effects. The crystal growth of SAW-grade LiTaO3 has been studied many aspects, but there is no detail research about optic-grade crystal growth. The conditions of optic-grade LiTaO3 single crystal are as below. The optical transmittance must be over 75%, and axial and radial concentratiom uniformity below 1%. The variation of Curie temperature depending on Li/Ta ratio must be also below 2$^{\circ}C$ and no internal no internal cracks and defects. Because of the limitation of crystal quality, the growing of optic-grade LiTaO3 single crystal is very difficult compared with the growing of SAW-grade. In this research, upper conditions of optic-grade single crystal was investigated after growing of 1 inch diameter and 1.5 inch length LiTaO3 single crystal having no internal cracks and defects using Czochralski method. Curie temperature was determined with DSC and measuring capacitance and lattice parameter was calculated about the grown crystal and ceramic powder samples of various Li/Ta ratio. The result of Tc variation was below 1.2$^{\circ}C$ all over the grown crystal, so it is confirmed that LiTaO3 was grown under congruent melting composition having optical homogeniety. Also, the optical transmittance was about 78%, which was sufficient for optical device.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.807-815
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• 2015

The present study aimed at evaluating the intensity of Tifton 85 conditioning using a mower conditioner with free-swinging flail fingers and storage times on dehydration curve, fungi presence, nutritional value and in vitro digestibility of Tifton 85 bermudagrass hay dry matter (DM). The dehydration curve was determined in the whole plant for ten times until the baling. The zero time corresponded to the plant before cutting, which occurred at 11:00 and the other collections were carried out at 8:00, 10:00, 14:00, and 16:00. The experimental design was randomised blocks with two intensities of conditioning (high and low) and ten sampling times, with five replications. The high and low intensities related to adjusting the deflector plate of the free iron fingers (8 and 18 cm). In order to determine gas exchanges during Tifton 85 bermudagrass dehydration, there were evaluations of mature leaves, which were placed in the upper middle third of each branch before the cutting, at every hour for 4 hours. A portable gas analyser was used by an infrared IRGA (6400xt). The analysed variables were photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), internal $CO_2$ concentration (Ci), transpiration (T), water use efficiency (WUE), and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). In the second part of this study, the nutritional value of Tifton 85 hay was evaluated, so randomised blocks were designed in a split plot through time, with two treatments placed in the following plots: high and low intensity of cutting and five different time points as subplots: cutting (additional treatment), baling and after 30, 60, and 90 days of storage. Subsequently, fungi that were in green plants as well as hay were determined and samples were collected from the grass at the cutting period, during baling, and after 30, 60, and 90 days of storage. It was observed that Tifton 85 bermudagrass dehydration occurred within 49 hours, so this was considered the best time for drying hay. Gas exchanges were more intense before cutting, although after cutting they decreased until ceasing within 4 hours. The lowest values of acid detergent insoluble nitrogen were obtained with low conditioning intensity after 30 days of storage, 64.8 g/kg DM. The in vitro dry matter of Tifton 85 bermudagrass did not differ among the storage times or the conditioning intensities. There was no fungi present in the samples collected during the storage period up to 90 days after dehydration, with less than 30 colony forming units found on plate counting. The use of mower conditioners in different intensities of injury did not speed up the dehydration time of Tifton 85.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1998

$LiTaO_3$단결정은 SAW(Surface Acoustic Wave) filter용 기판용 소재로 사용되며, 초전 효과를 이용한 적외선 센서, 광전효과를 이용한 광전소자 및 광굴절 효과를 이용한 광 기억소자로도 응용되고 있다. 특히 광굴절 효과를 이용한 광 기억소자의 개발에 있어서 Fe와 같은 전이금속 불순물이 첨가된 고품위 $LiTaO_3$ 단결정과 재료의 광굴절 특성의 향상이 크게 요구되고 있는 실정이므로 본 연구에서는 Czochralski법을 이용하여 광 소자용 순수한 $LiTaO_3$ 단결정과 Fe를 불순물로 첨가시킨 $LiTaO_3$ 단결정을 성장시켰으며 성장된 결정들에 대하여 광 투과 및 흡수스펙트럼을 분석하였다. $Li_2O$ 조성을 48.0~49.0mol%까지 변화시킨 초기 용융액을 DSC법을 이용하여 Curie 온도를 측정한 결과 $Li_2O$조성이 증가함에 따라 curie 온도가 $568^{\circ}C$에서 $637^{\circ}C$까지 크게 증가하여 0.1mol% $Li_2O$의 조성차이에 $7^{\circ}C$정도의 curie 온도의 변화를 나타내었으며, 성장된 결정에서 $Li_2O$조성의 변화는 성장 길이방향으로 0.01mol%, 반경방향으로 0.0028mol% 이내의 전체 결정내 조성이 균일한 z-$LiTaO_3$ 단결정을 획득하였다. 한편 Fe를 첨가시킨 $LiTaO_3$ 결정의 경우 Fe 농도 0.1wt%당 $7.5^{\circ}C$의 Curie 온도 증가를 확인하였다. 또한 성장된 결정들은 광 투과스펙트럼을 분석한 결과 광소자로 응용하기에 충분한 78% 정도의 우수한 투과율을 보였다.처리 정책 및 규제법 등의 각 분야에서 복합적 노력이 필요하다. 가진 경우에 비하여, 좌심방의 병변을 초래하는 승모판 질환과 같은 병변을 동반한 경우에는 떨어지는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구자들은 3례의 승모판막질환을 동반하지 않은 심방세동 환자에서 Cox-Maze 술식을 경헙하였다. 첫 번째 환자는 발살바동 파열에 동반된 심방세동이었으며, 두 번째는 심실중격결손, 세 번째는 대동맥판막 협착폐쇄부전증과 동반된 심방세동이었다. 세 환자 모두에게서 기저 심장질환의 교정과 더불어 Cox-Maze 술식을 같이 시행하였다. 세 환자 모두에서 수술 직후 동율동으로의 전환이 이루어졌고, 술후 3개월 이후에는 좌, 우심방의 기계적인 수축력도 모두 확인할 수 있었다. 3례였다. 결론: 술후 재원 기간내 사망률은 비청색증 선천성 심질환에서 2.0%, 청색증 선천성 심질환에서 15.5%, 후천성 심질환에서 5.1%였다. 전체 사망률은 2,000례 중 72명이 사망하여 3.6%였다는 임상적 결과의 축적이 필요하다. 환자가 합병증에 노출되는 기회와 기간을 최소화하려면 주기적 외래방문을 지키고 쿠마딘 복용을 빼지 않도록 계속 지도하여 환자의 순응도를 높이는 동시에 INR값을 엄격하게 적정범위 내에 일관되게 유지하여야 한다. 특히 합병증의 위험요소가 있는 환자와 INR값의 변동폭이 지나치게 넓은