• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.721-724
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• 2009

Meningococcal infections can be associated with abnormalities of the complement system, which contains 5 terminal complement proteins. Furthermore, deficiencies in 1 of these 5, complement component 7 (C7), leads to the loss of complement lytic function, and affected patients show increased susceptibility to recurrent meningococcal meningitis and systemic Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. In September 2003, an 11-year-old female patient presented at our outpatient department with high fever, lower leg pain, headache, and petechiaes. She rapidly progressed to coma but later achieved full recovery due to prompt treatment. Her final diagnosis was meningococcal sepsis and arthritis. Her elder brother also had a similar bacterial meningoencephalitis history, which encouraged us to perform analyses for complement component and gene mutations. Resultantly, both the brother and sister were found to have the same mutation in the C7 gene. Subsequently, vaccinations of the meningococcal vaccine meningococcal vaccine ($Menomune^{(R)}$) were administered. However, in September 2006, the brother expired due to acute micrococcus meningoencephalitis. At present, the 16-year-old female patient is healthy. Here, we report a Korean family with a hereditary C7 deficiency with susceptibility to meningococcal infections due to C7 gene mutation.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2006

Purpose : HUS usually occurs in children after infection with shiga toxin-producing microorganism(D＋HUS). In contrast, non-postdiarrheal(D-) HUS occurs at any age and has a high rate of relapse and a poor prognosis. The clinical presentation of D-HUS is similar to that of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TTP). Recently severe deficiencies of ADAMTS13 were reported not only in TTP and D- HUS but also in D+ HUS during their acute phase. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plasma ADAMTS13 activity in D＋ and D-HUS. Methods : Nineteen children with HUS(D＋ HUS 12 and D- HUS 7) were enrolled. The assays of plasma ADAMTS13 activity were performed during the acute stage in the D＋ HUS and at various stages of relapsing courses in the D- HUS patients by multimer assay, based on electrophoresis. Results : The median plasma activity of ADAMTS13 in D＋ HUS and D- HUS were 80.9%(37.8-132.4%) and 53.9%(1.0-94.1%), respectively, which were not statistically significantly different from control(86.4%, 34.2-112.3%)(P>0.05). One boy with D- HUS had severe deficiency of ADAMTS13(1.0%). His platelet count was normalized temporarily by fresh frozen plasma infusion. Conclusion : We have demonstrated that there is no significant difference of the plasma ADAMTS13 activity between D＋ HUS, D- HUS and control. We detected severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 in one boy who presented with relapsing episodes of D- HUS. ADAMTS13 deficiency should be considered in the subgroup of D- HUS especially with early onset and recurrent courses. Plasma therapy can be beneficial in this subgroup.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.297-317
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of Science Social and Emotional Learning(SSEL). The factors of SSEL were suggested, and by utilizing them, the contents of middle school's science and Chemistry 1 textbook were analyzed. The factors are as follow: numeracy, information and communication technology, critical thinking, creative thinking, personal and social capability, ethical understanding, and intercultural understanding. The results showed that the 60~70% of textbooks put emphasis on numeracy, information and communication technology, critical thinking, creative thinking while some factors were limited in th contents, which were personal and social capability, ethical understanding, and intercultural understanding. Therefore, teacher should try to reconstruct the teaching and learning materials and fill in the deficiencies of SSEL factors through class activities. In addition, it is suggested to study specific application methods such as science activities or experiment activities in detail to meet social and emotional learning.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2001

To maximize astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-$\beta\beta$'carotene-44'-dione) production by high density Haematococcus pluvialis cultures, various, media were examined Among tested media, \`Hong Kong Medium and Modified Bolds Basal Medium showed the best result for cell growth ( $2.0$\times$10^{ 6}$cells /mL) and for astaxanthin content per cell (9.7 mg astaxanthin mg/g cell), respectively, Maximum astasanthin concentration of 6.1mL was obtained at pH 7.5, $20^{\circ}C$~$25^{\circ}C$ Deficiencies of nitrogen source($NaNO_3$ and proteose-peptone) found to simulate astaxanthin formation Relatively low light inten- sity of $60\mu$E ($\m^2$s) was sutiable for vegetative cell growth while higher light intensity was required for higher astaxanthin accumulation.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.475-488
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• 2017

Wear prediction of TBM disc cutters is a very important issue for hard rock TBMs as number of cutter head intervention. In this regard, some model such as NTNU, Gehring model, CSM models have been used to predict disc cutter wear and intervention interval. There are some deficiencies in these models. This paper developed a new test method for wear prediction for TBM disc cutter and proposed a new abrasion index. In this regard, different abrasivity indices along with their testing methods are explained. A comparative study is performed to develop the predictability of different cutter life evaluation methods and index. The evaluation of the new methods proposed in this paper shows a very good agreement with the actual cutter life and intervention interval length. The proposed tester and index can be easily used to predict the intervention interval length and cutter wear evaluation in both planning and construction stages of a TBM tunneling project.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 1996

All kinds of environmental problems are related to each local and geographical environment. For this reason, it is necessary for schools in each region to provide environmental education which suits the geographical character of their particular region. In order to provide solutions to the environmental problems of each school's geographic region, the goal of this research is as follows: 1. We can make students realize the relationship between the human race and the environment by teaching according to the environmental conditions in each local area. 2. By teaching students about the problems in their own local environment, we can increase their concern about the state of their local surroundings. 3. When teaching about the environment, it is useful to use educational material which suits the character of each local region. 4. Students' interest in environmental preservation can be aroused through extracurricular environmental activities. The ares concerned are Chonnam and Kwangju City, which are divided into urban, industrial, rural, coastal, and mountainous areas. The conclusion about considering environmental education in environmental school social studies is as follows: 1. Kwangju and Chonnam should be divided into five sections, each with similar geographical environments. This will be an improvement over the old uniform approach to environmental studies in which all regions were treated as being the same each region will now receive special attention. 2. It is necessary to maximize the efficient use of the Environmental Education Building. When Media, environmental data and special materials for environmental education are used effectively, teachers can lead class effectively and students will be more interested in the class. 3. We can detect the cause of pollution, increase interest in the environment and easily solve environmental problems by collecting and displaying environmental educational materials. 4. An environmental education corner could boost students' interest in environmental problems and could act as a kind of bridge between theoretical and practical education. 5. Media and environmental data must be specialized according to the geographic character of each region. In this way, we can expect to improve the quality of environmental education over the simplistic environmental education of previous years. 6. Students will become interested in the problems of the region in which they live through social studies, and primarily through the environmental curriculum. 7. We can prevent learning deficiencies by making a consistent teaching plan. The teaching and learning methods will be improved and the teachers will be proud of what they teach. 8. The purpose of the Education Procedure Content Analysis is to make teaching and learning concise and easy by systematizing environmental and related subjects. This can be done by adding an environmental unit to the geographic section of social studies. 9. Citizens' interest in their own residential environment can be increased through action by sustaining environmental preservation movements to local region people.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.247-262
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• 1979

Majority of reclaimable soils in hillside lands in Korea are red yellow soils, with exception in Jeju island, where most of reclaimable hillside lands are composed of volcanic ash soils. Songjeong, Yesan and Samgag series are the major soil series of red yellow soils which are available for the reclamation. When observed in the fields, they are distinguished as reddish brown clay loam, red yellow sand loam and yellowish brown sand loam. They have moderately good physical properties but their chemical properties are generally poor for crop cultivations. The chemical properties of red yellow soils, as compared to long time cultivated (matured) soils, are characterized by very low pH, high in exchangeable Al content and phosphorus fixation capacity. Also extraodinary low available phosphorus and organic matter contents are generally observed. On the other, the chemical properties of volcanic ash soils are characterized by high armophous Fe and Al hydroxides and organic matter contents, which are the causative factors for the extremely high phosphorus fixation capacity of the soils. The phosphorus fixation capacity of volcanic acid soils are as high as 5-10 times of that of red yellow soils. Poor growth of crops on newly reclaimed red yellow soils are mainly caused by very low available P and pH and high exchangeable Al. Relatively high P fixation capacity renders the failure of effective use of applied P when the amount of application is not sufficient. Applications of lime to remove the exchangeable Al and relatively large quantity of P to lower the P fixation capacity and to increase the available P are the major recommendations for the increased crop production on red yellow hillside soils. Generally recommendable amounts of lime and P to meet the aforementioned requirements, are 200-250kg/10a of lime and $30-35kg\;P_2O_5/10a$. Over doses of lime. frequently induces the K, B, arid Zn deficiencies and lowers the uptake of P. In volcanic ash soils, it is difficult to alter the exchangeable Al and the P fixation capacity by liming and P application. This may be due to the peculiarity of volcanic ash soil in chemical properties. Because of this feature, the amelioration of volcanic ash soils is not as easy as in the case of red yellow soils. Application of P as high as $100kg\;P_2O_5/10a$ is needed to bring forth the significant yield response in barley. Combined applications of appropriate levels of P, lime, and organic matter, accompanied by deep plowing, results in around doubling of the yields of various crops on newly reclaimed red yellow soils.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 2010

Purpose: Trauma is one of the leading causes of death, especially among young people. Life-threatening conditions are very common in multiple-traumatized patients due to concurrent multi-organ injuries. Treating such severely injured patients is time critical. However, in Korea, the transfer of severely injured patients is not uncommon due to the lack of a mature trauma care system. In developed countries, the preventable trauma death rate is very low, but the rate is still very high in Korea. This study's objective was to demonstrate the current serious state in which severely injured patients have to be transferred from a Regional Emergency Medical Center even though it actually serves as a trauma center. Methods: Ajou University Medical Center is a tertiary hospital that serves as a trauma center in Gyeonggido. The medical records at Ajou University Medical Center for a 1-year period from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2008, were retrospectively reviewed. A severely injured patient was defined as a patient who showed more than 15 point on the ISS (injury severity score) scale. We investigated the clinical characteristics of such patients and the causes of transfer. Results: Out of 81,718 patients who visited the Regional Emergency Medical Center, 19,731 (24.1%) were injured patients. Among them, 108 severely-injured patients were transferred from one Regional Emergency Medical Center to other hospitals. The male-to-female ratio was about 3.5:1, and the mean ISS was 23.08. The most common mechanism of injury was traffic accidents (41.7%). A major cause of transfer was the shortage of intensive care units (44.4%); another was for emergent operation (27.8%). Most of the hospitals that received the severely-injured patients were secondary hospitals (86.1%). Conclusion: Although the Regional Emergency Medical Center played a role as a trauma center, actually, severely-injured patients had to be transferred to other hospitals for several reasons. Most reasons were related with the deficiencies in the trauma care system. If a mature trauma care system is well-organized, the numbers of transfer of severely injured patients will be reduced significantly.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.239-245
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• 1995

Mn-Zn ferrite thin films were deposited on $SiO_2(1000 \AA)/Si(100)$ by ion beam sputtering using a single ion source. A mosaic target consisting of a single crystal(ll0) Mn-Zn ferrite with a Fe metal strip on it was used. As-deposited films without oxygen gas flow have a wiistite structure due to oxygen deficiencies, which originated from the extra metal atoms sputtered from the metal strips during deposition. The as-deposited films with oxygen gas flow, however, have a spinel structure with (111) preferred orientation. The crystallization of thin films was maximized at the ion beam extraction voltage of 2.lkV, at which the deposited films are bombarded appropriately by the energetic secondary ions reflected from the target. As the extraction voltage increased or decreased from the optimum value, the crystallinity of thin films becomes poor owing to a weak and severe bombardment of the secondary ions, respectively. Crystallization due to the bombardment of the secondary ions was also maximized at the beam incidence angle of $55^{\circ}$. The as-deposited ferrite thin films with a spinel structure showed ferrimagnetism and had an in-plane magnetization easy axis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2006

Objectives : It is difficult to place implants at a severely atrophied edentulous mandible because of vertical and horizontal alveolar defect. The autogenous and allogenic bone graft and guided bone regeneration are useful, but there are some limitations such as the resorption and infection of the grafted bone, and insufficiency of soft tissue. Distraction osteogenesis has recently evolved a challenging technique to overcome major draws of conventional augmentation procedures, we, therefore, report the four applications of implant placement after vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis. Patients and Methods : Four patients(all female, mean age: $60{\pm}6$ years) with severe alveolar ridge deficiencies at their anterior mandible were treated with vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis by intraoral device(Track 1.5, 15 mm model, KLS Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany) and placement of implants (Branemark MK III, TiUnite). After the latency periods of 5, 7, 8 days, distraction rhythm and rate were $0.5\;mm{\times}2\;times/day$ in the case of good bone quality, and $0.25\;mm{\times}3\;times/day$ in the case of poor bone quality. After consolidation periods of mean fifteen weeks, five implants for each patients were placed at the interforaminal area. Results : On average, a vertical gain of $11.38{\pm}1.38\;mm$ was obtained by distraction. And all distraction zone showed complete ossification by panoramic radiography. There were no postoperative complications other than numbness of lower lip in one case. Total twenty implants in four patients were placed and their outcomes were satisfactory. Conclusion : It is a useful method to place five implants after vertical distraction osteogenesis of the severely atrophied mandible for the implant-supported fixed prosthesis.