• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2000

Three burning space concentrating mainly on the text of ${\ll}NeiChing{\gg}$, we got this conclusion by looking at a longitudial perspective of three burning space function, nutrient & defensive qi creation, movement and numbers. 1. Longitudial movement is the law of the universe, by looking at oriental medicine by the thought of heaven and man unity we can tell that longitudial movement concept is used to analyze the physiology of our body. And we can look at our body in a cubic movement suck as top and bottom, left and right, outside and inside, internal and external, upward and downward movement. 2. In Nei Ching the concept of three burning space is seperated in to four different types of three burning space which are three burning space as a fu, three burning space as a water metabolism and excretion organ, and three burning space by its position. 3. nutrient & defensive qi's movement in the channel is the same as the twelve regular channels movement in our body, nutrient qi circulates the yang part twenty five during the day and circulates the ying part twenty five times during the night. Since channel functions corresponds with the sun, moon, and the stars the ups and downs of nutrient & defensive qi's property varies with the difference of the periods. 4. By comparing nutrient & defensive qi's production and property with three burning space's positional property, we can see that three burning space's positional property comes out from the longitudial movement of nutrient & defensive qi.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2007

This study is to find out effective defensive type by analysis on differences among three different defence types of the body lock technique in the ground wrestling. The subjects are 5 athletes who are in 60kg weight class. To get the kinematic analysis seven ProReflex MCU-240(Motion Capture Unit), infrared rays cameras, which was produced by Qualisys, were used to get a two-dimensional coordinate. Following are the analysis result from kinematic factors such as time element, speed element and angular element. 1. During position of ground wrestling, the average necessary time until defender's hip joint touches the mat for Phase1 was $0.34{\pm}0.14sec$ at side position was the shortest space of time out of three types, and Phase2 was $0.21{\pm}0.02sec$ at front position was the shortest space of time out of three types. Moreover, side defence position was the shortest for total average necessary time with $0.78{\pm}0.05sec$. 2. The movement change for hip joint was $57.21{\pm}20.17cm$ for front, $43.35{\pm}7.13cm$ for rear, and $18.67{\pm}10.24cm$ for side at Phase1 and $42.08{\pm}17.56cm$ for side, $16.61{\pm}6.34cm$ for front, and $1.48{\pm}1.29cm$ for rear at Phase2. 3. Movement speed of hip joint at defensive type were most effective in success and fail rate at Phase 1 and its frontal average speed was fastest with $1.01{\pm}0.23m/s$ following by $0.52{\pm}0.15m/s$ for side, and $0.62{\pm}0.15m/s$ for rear. The average for total change of speed is $0.79{\pm}0.32m/s$ for front, $0.78{\pm}0.17m/s$ for side, and $0.49{\pm}0.08m/s$ for rear. 4. The joint angle gets smaller in a order by rear, front, and side for the size of hip joint angle and knee angle for different defensive type. 5. As a result of one-way ANOVA on linear velocity for hip joint in frontal defence(phase1) was significance ($\alpha$=.05), but phase 2 was not significance. Synthetically, analyzing on differences among three different defence types which were front, rear, and side of the body lock technique in the ground wrestling, front defensive type was the most effective. In future, there should be more studies regarding on defence at not a laboratory study but a field study to help out wrestler to pertinent techniques to improve the game of wrestling.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제spc호
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• pp.247-270
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• 2007

Space development and utilization must be conducted within a framework of "peaceful uses" principle under Space Treaty. Japan ratified the treaty in 1967, and interpreted "peaceful uses" as "non-military uses" then. A ghost of "peaceful uses" principle has been hung over Japan up to the moment. Japan's space development and utilization has been conducted with genuine academic interest, and therefore Japan did not introduce space infrastructures to national security policy and did not facilitate growth of space industry. When the Cold War ended, Northeast Asian security environment makes Japan difficult to maintain an interpretation as "non-military uses". Besides the change of external security environment, the domestic industry situation and a series of rocket launching failure needed reexamination of Japan's space policy. Japan is gradually changing its space policy, and introducing space infrastructure in a national security policy under a "generalization" theory that gave a broad interpretation of "peaceful uses" principle. Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP) adopted a basic strategy of Japan's space policy in 2004. Since then, a long-term report of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), an investigation report of Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies (SJAC) and a proposal of Japan Business Federation (JSF) were followed. Japan will promote space development and utilization in national security policy with a "strictly defensive defense" strategy and "non-aggressive uses"principle for protection of life and property of Japanese people and stabilization of East Asian countries.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

The most ordinary form of residential type in Korea is a plate-type apartment, and the common space in these apartment is attracting as an important factor for enhancing social exchanges among neighbors and forming community consciousness. In addition, it provides a sense of psychological security by enabling natural exchanges and communication in contemporary society. It is desirable to plan the flow of space in such a way that private, semi-private, semi-public, and public spaces are linked. Semi-private and semi-public spaces can be defined as common spaces. Semi-private spaces are strongly recognized in the order of unit household entrance, main entrance, elevator, corridor, staircase, playground, bench, trail, walkway and parking lot, exercise space, main/back gate, the ability to gratify is increased sense of belonging, ownership consciousness formation, defensive function. Semi-public space is strongly recognized in the order of playground, bench, exercise space, trail, main entrance, walkway and parking lot, unit household entrance, main/back gate, corridor, staircase, elevator, the ability to gratify is increase of social contact, Secondary activity space function. In addition, the function to gratify in the common space differs according to gender and age group among resident characteristics, and differs according to corridor type, parking lot type and main entrance type. Therefore, differentiated planning of common space is needed in consideration of these differences in the design of common space in future.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2023

사이버공간은 지상, 해상, 공중, 우주에 이어 다섯 번째 새로운 전쟁 공간으로 자리매김하였고, 군사작전 측면에서도 사이버공간이 핵심적인 공격과 방어 목표가 되고 있다. 세계 각국은 이러한 사이버공간에 대한 공세적 사이버 작전 수행의지를 보인다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 방어적 전략인 사이버 킬체인 모델에 합동 항공임무명령서(ATO)의 임무수행주기와 합동표적처리 절차를 융합한 공세적 개념의 사이버 킬체인 모델을 제안한다. 제안한 모델은 사이버 작전의 합동성 측면에서 물리 작전과 사이버 작전의 통합을 통해 전략적 차원의 국가 사이버 작전 역량 개선에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2010

This study includes a review of the relevant literature and data on the Gyeolseong Eupseong, a coastal castle town of the Joseon Period. During the process of building the Gyeolseong Eupseong, Eupchi(administrative office) was transferred to several different locations for the following reasons:. first, to strengthen defensive capabilities by utilizing the locational advantages of the Seokdang Mountain Fortress, second, to secure sufficient space for holding the castle and have access to water in times of emergencies, third, to strengthen coastal defence by utilizing geographical advantages. Most of the Gyeolseong Eupseong was damaged during the Japanese colonial period. At present, there remain only part of the castle's facilities and some facilities that were restored later in modern times; 4 building sites have been identified. Remaining and destructed buildings can be identified through old maps(the local maps of 1872) and Zirizi and Eupzi(geography books). Also identified were 2 castle gate sites where a 1,500m-long stone castle wall and an ongseong(a crescent-shaped defensive structure), 5 chiseongs, and a most were constructed. The Gyeolseong area is assumed to have been a strategic foothold to defend the west coast from the days before the Three Kingdom Period. However it is very difficult to find any records created before the Joseon Period. Therefore, the time of the restoration of the Eupchi should be determined based on records created in the late Joseon Period. Finally, excavation work needs to be done to identify the locations of the castle's facilities.

• Strategy21
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• 통권44호
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• pp.142-176
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• 2018

So far, the main threat to South Korea was North Korea. That is why South Korea established a strategy based on the threat of North Korea and most of the budget on defense was used to deter North Korea. Even though the neighboring countries(China, Japan, and Russia) are growing as a real threat with abilities and intentions based on their powerful naval forces, South Korea has not yet been able to establish a strategy that regards neighboring countries as a threat. But the decades-old structural mechanism of the Korean security environment is undergoing a radical change on April 27, 2018, through the South-North summit and the Panmunjom Declaration. Under the changing security environment, South Korea was placed in a complicated dilemma that had to deal with threats of two axes(China), three axes(China, Japan), and four axes(Japan, Russia). If the one axis threat(North Korea) is dominated by land threats, the second, third and fourth axis threats are threats from the sea. This paper analyzed the maritime strategy of Korea within the framework of maritime-geopolitics, in other words recognition and expansion of the sphere of maritime. I have designed that the maritime defense space that we can deny from threats is divided into three lines of defense: 1 line (radius 3,000km), 2 lines (2,000km), and 3 lines (1,000km). The three defense zones of the three lines were defined as an active defense(1 line), defensive offense(2 line), active offense(3 line). The three defense zones of the three lines were defined as the sphere of core maritime, As a power to deny the sphere of core maritime, it was analyzed as a maneuvering unit, a nuclear-powered submarine, the establishment of missile strategy, and the fortification of islands station. The marine strategy of South Korea with these concepts and means was defined as 'Offensive Maritime Denial Strategy'.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.105-120
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• 2011

해자란 성벽 외곽에 파 놓은 못 또는 물길로 적이 성벽에 직접 접근할 수 없도록 하거나 이를 경계로 공간을 구분하고자 설치된 시설의 하나로, 고대로부터 중세에 이르기까지 동 서양에서 존재하였으나 현재는 사라져 가고 있다. 그러나 군사적 방어 기능으로부터 공간을 구분하는 경계 수단으로, 지반을 다지는 중요한 역할을 하였으며, 역사적으로 고대로부터 중세, 유럽, 아시아, 미국 등에서 존재하였다. 또한 해자는 물을 이용한 다양한 문화 활동과 동물들의 서식처 장소를 제공하는 등 역사와 문화적 가치가 큰 공간임에도 불구하고, 복원 계획에 있어 해자의 복원에 대한 고려가 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 동 서양 해자의 역사와 문화적 의미를 해석하여 고대로부터 중세에 이르기까지 존재했던 해자 문화에 대한 이해를 높이고자 하는 연구로 해자의 기원, 시대적 고찰, 사상적 배경, 서양 해자의 역사와 문화, 동양의 한국, 중국, 일본 해자에 대하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라의 해자는 고구려 도성뿐만 아니라 신라, 백제의 도성에 모두 존재하였으며, 천연의 해자인 넓은 강을 끼고 적들이 기어오르기 힘든 산 능선을 따라 성을 쌓은 자연적 해자와 성벽 밖에 인공적 해자를 설치하여 적의 접근을 방지하였다. 또한 고려시대와 조선시대에도 해자를 방어적 기능으로 활용하였다. 2. 해자의 설치는 성벽에서 일정한 간격을 두고 넓고 깊게 파는 것이 보통이며, 성의 외곽에만 있는 것이 아니라 내부에도 시설이 설치되었는데, 성 밖에 있는 해자는 방어력을 높이는 것 외에도 지반을 다지는데 중요한 역할을 하였다. 또한 해자는 물이 있어 접근을 제한하며, 낮은 벽이나 담장은 경계를 물리적으로 분리시키지만 해자는 열린 공간으로 시각적 특성을 살려 경계 및 방어 수단을 가지면서 멀리 떨어진 산봉우리나 근처의 나무도 정원 안으로 차경할 수 있게 한다. 3. 낙안읍성은 풍수지리적으로 청룡(동천)의 기가 드센 관계로 청룡의 흐름을 "S"자로 꺾어 흐르게 함으로써 기를 꺾을 수 있었으며, 몽촌토성은 해자의 복원으로 공원에 풍부한 수경 요소를 제공하는 경관요소로 활용하였다. 성을 둘러싸고 있는 해자는 자연이라는 진경 속에 선조들의 삶과 문화가 공간 속에 설득력 있게 배어든 역사와 문화적 경관이 표상이다. 4. 중국의 자금성 성벽은 찹쌀에 흙을 반죽하여 다져 넣어 매우 견고하며, 해자의 폭은 52m, 깊이는 6m로 자금성 성벽을 에워싸고 있어 적의 접근을 차단할 수 있었다. 5. 일본의 해자는 도시에 있어 수로 역할을 하였으며, 보트놀이, 배낚시, 레스토랑 등의 레저시설이 설치되어 도시민들의 스트레스를 해소하고 삶의 활력을 불어 넣을 수 있었다. 6. 한국의 해자는 중국의 자금성, 일본의 에도성, 오사카성보다 규모가 작으며 동양의 해자는 왕궁이나 읍성을 보호하기 위해 해자를 설치하였으나, 서양에서는 왕이나 영주, 대저택, 부호들의 저택 등을 보호하기 위해 해자를 설치하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2000

In a word, Behnischs architecture can be said to be the architecture of humanism based on an interpretation of the human being. The architecture of Behnisch in which it is not space but people that becomes the subject in architecture is newness or novelty, which is proceeding to position itself as one architectural style representing the times. He refrain from the environment that is defensive and oppressive, and destructive and disruptive in composing his architecture and instead is directed towards the continuos, creative and open environment. With such an architectural language, he is pursuing a minimum of the best rather than quantity based on trust and respecting for man and nature as his unchanged theme. That is, he is seeking for the purpose of architecture that does not disregard individuality such as consumers wants and needs. As can be seen from it, his architectural work has aroused freshness and stimulus to the architectural environment that can not be boring, allowed us to look back on the architectural world and triggered our interest. His architecture has the human energy that moves us.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.119-133
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• 2015

While cloud computing is gaining popularity, diverse security and privacy issues are emerging that hinder the rapid adoption of this new computing paradigm. And the development of defensive solutions is lagging behind. To ensure a secure and trustworthy cloud environment it is essential to identify the limitations of existing solutions and envision directions for future research. In this paper, we have surveyed critical security and privacy challenges in cloud computing, categorized diverse existing solutions, compared their strengths and limitations, and envisioned future research directions.