• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 2013

South Korea is changing into a multi-cultural society, due to an increase in international marriage, foreign workers and transcultural immigration. In addition, the number of North Korean defectors entering South Korea has increased and now, there are approximately 25000. Therefore, this review have focused on a research that pertains to adaptation and mental health concerns of their children. Children who have immigrated themselves or whose parents have immigrated, might experience language barriers, difficulties in school adjustment, identity confusion and mental health problems. However, their academic performance and developmental status are known to be variable and be affected by socioeconomic status and their parents' educational level. Studies that evaluated the psychological problems of North Korean adolescent refugees' indicated the need for interests in both emotional and behavioral problems. The risk factors of North Korean adolescent refugees' mental health are suggested to be past traumatic experiences, long duration of defection and short period of adaptation. When mental health professionals provide assessment and treatment, they should consider the pre- and post-migration experiences & cultural background that affect the illness behaviors and attitudes toward mental illnesses. Lastly, the majority of children with multi-cultural background are still under an adolescent period and we should follow up with long-term perspectives.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.141-148
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• 2003

Customer retention is a common concern for many industries and a critical issue for the survival in today's greatly compressed marketplace. Current customer retention models only focus on detection of potential defectors based on the likelihood of defection by using demographic and customer profile information. In this paper, we propose a dynamic procedure for defection detection and prevention using past and current customer behavior by utilizing SOM and Markov chain. The basic idea originates from the observation that a customer has a tendency to change his behavior (i.e. trim-out his usage volumes) before his eventual withdrawal. This gradual pulling out process offers the company the opportunity to detect the defection signals. With this approach, we have two significant benefits compared with existing defection detection studies. First, our procedure can predict when the potential defectors could withdraw and this feature helps to give marketing managers ample lead-time for preparing defection prevention plans. The second benefit is that our approach can provide a procedure for not only defection detection but also defection prevention, which could suggest the desirable behavior state for the next period so as to lower the likelihood of defection. We applied our dynamic procedure for defection detection and prevention to the online gaming industry. Our suggested procedure could predict potential defectors without deterioration of prediction accuracy compared to that of the MLP neural network and DT.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.60
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• pp.104-124
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore how North Korean woman defectors' memories of their past lives are represented in Korean television talk show, (Channel A, 2011~) and its social implications. In order to carry out this task, this study first discusses the emergence of the concept of 'memory' in its relations with 'collective memory', 'cultural memory' and 'history', and its social appropriation in media such as television. And, the ideological aspects of the recent trend of television talk show that deals with people's private memories were also discussed. The study used the method of structural narrative analysis. The findings are the following. First of all, North Korean woman defectors' memories in collide with the dominant public memories in South Korea. In any case, it has been found that the show tended to make North Korea and their defectors as exotic 'others' and thereby reinforce the existing public memory. After all, this study argues that the representation of the defectors' memories in the talk show only results in stressing the melodramatic narrative emotionally packaged with 'laughing' and 'crying' without any sincere consideration of them.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2018

This study explores how social media influences individual's social development and well-being. Social media is discussed as an effective tool when individuals lacking social and psychological resources are trying to expand their social networks. This study focuses on the social media use of North Korean defectors, who, in general, have closed social media networks in the South Korean society. This study tries to analyze empirically the effect of social media use on North Korean defectors' satisfaction with our society. In particular, this study focuses on how the use of social media influences satisfaction with their life in South Korea at different levels of their emotional states. This study explores that the relationship between social media and satisfaction with their life in South Korea varies based upon the degree of self-esteem and anxiety. This study expects that social media might provide greater benefits for those who are experiencing low self-esteem and high anxiety. In addition, this study conducts the same analysis for the general public and then compares its results with the survey on North Korean defectors. According to the results of North Korean defectors' survey, the impact of social media use on satisfaction with their life in South Korea was greater for those with high anxiety than for those with low anxiety. Meanwhile, the impact was greater for those with high self-esteem than for those with low self-esteem.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.53
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• pp.109-147
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• 2017

North Korean defectors had left North Korea often to escape from food shortages in the mid-1990s. Since the 2000s, the reasons of their flee from North Korea have more resulted from their exposure to external information, and a desire for democracy and freedom. However, North Korean defectors living in China are not recognized as refugees and thus subject to various human rights violations including forced repatriation. It needs to be thought that wether North Korean defectors who escape from North Korea are political refugees under international law. If they are not recognized as refugees in their new countries, it is imperative to consider a possible way to protect their human rights under international law. The problem of recognition of the refugee status of a person is a matter of involving the sovereignty of individual countries, however, the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees should provide protection of their unique rights, as recognizes by the UNHCR, and their status should be treated as a refugees issue in a broad sense. In the future, it is a necessary to establish international solidarity among individual countries, the UN General Assembly, the decisions of the Human Rights Council and support of UNHCR, to anticipate the need for the refugee recognition and the protection of International Human Rights in preparation for possible mass defections and refugees from North Korea.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.161-194
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that interrupt the use of social security of elderly North Korean refugees. As a result of qualitative content analysis using interview data, it is found that the elderly North Korean defectors have a lower access to the social security system. The main reason for hindering the use of social security system is low awareness due to limited information channels, psychological distance to South Korean society and residents. Moreover, this psychological distance is a factor that reduces the geographical accessibility of elderly North Korean defectors by preferring to use services in specific institutions for North Korean, while South Korean elderly people can use the service elsewhere. In addition, there are many cases in which the elderly in North Korean defectors do not receive sufficient social security due to low income. On the other hand, social security systems with high accessibility of older North Korean refugees are characterized by the fact that they are provided by experts who have formed sufficient rapport with North Korean refugees. Therefore, it seems possible to improve the accessibility of elderly defectors' friendly system by professional workers with cultural competence. In addition, a multidimensional approach is needed to fully cope with the complex desires of elderly North Korean defectors and a mechanism should be set up to reflect their opinion in system operation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.593-604
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• 2019

This study is a phenomenological study attempted to examine adaptation of North Korean defectors to life in the South Korean society in a comprehensive and in-depth way. Data were collected from July 2016 to June 2017 by conducting interviews with 10 North Korean defectors about their experience in adaptation to life in the South Korean society. The collected data were analyzed by the Colaizzi method. The original data obtained from the participants were structured into 19 themes, 6 theme clusters and 4 category. The 4 category included 'to face the different world', 'lives as a stranger', 'to adapt something', 'to reach self-realization'. The 6 theme clusters included 'encounter with new world', 'psychological pain', 'obstacles of the reality', 'drifting in the South Korean society', 'becoming a member of South Korea' and 'an independent life'. Based on the results of this study, it would be necessary to conduct a repetitive study on the process of adaptation of North Korean defectors to life in the South Korean society, to develop an intervention program to help them adapt to the South Korean society, and to verify the effects of the developed program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.623-634
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationship between parental attachment, behavior problem, and empathetic capabilities. For this study, the researcher chose the study participants among the North-Korean defector high school students who are currently attending high schools. The survey was conducted over the period from April 4 to June 10, 2020. A total of 257 questionnaires were used for this study. The data of this study were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. The findings of this study were as follows; First, the parental attachment of the juvenile North Korean defectors had a negative impact on delinquency. Second, the parental attachment of the juvenile North Korean defectors had a positive impact on empathetic capabilities. Third, the empathetic capabilities of juvenile North Korean defectors had a negative impact on delinquency. Fourth, in the relationship between parental attachment and delinquency, the empathetic capability was shown to have a significant mediating effect. This study showed that, in the perspective of social welfare or psycho-therapy, it is necessary to develop various programs to enhance the empathetic capabilities of juvenile North Korean defectors while helping them form a healthy attachment to their parents in order to reduce their delinquency.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.107-117
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship of related variables in order to promote entrepreneurship, which is one way to support the economic independence and stable settlement of North Korean defectors. This study is firstly to examine the influence of individualism and collectivism on entrepreneurial intentions, and secondly, to examine the mediating effect of social adaptability in the relationship between socialist value system and entrepreneurial intention. To this end, a survey was conducted on North Korean defectors, and the empirical analysis target was 223 North Korean defectors. For the verification of the causal relationship between personal disposition and entrepreneurial intention, and the causal relationship between value system and entrepreneurial intention PLS was used. And PROCESS for SPSS Macro was used to verify the mediating effect of social adaptation in the relationship between the value system and entrepreneurial intention. Looking at the results of the empirical analysis, the extraversion factor was found to have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention level of North Korean defectors, and the self-fulfillment desire factor was found to have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention. It was also found that individualist values have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of North Korean defectors, and collectivist values do not have a significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions. As a result of examining the mediating effect of social adaptability between individualism/collectivism and entrepreneurial intention in this study, it was found that individualist value has a direct impact on entrepreneurial intention without engaging social adaptability.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.675-693
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• 2016

As North Korean Youths are getting bigger, many psychologists have focused on them academically. But earlier studies showed many mistakes which have to be solved quickly. So the purposes of the present study are to set as the main problems as follows: Key issues and research direction for the Young North Korean defectors as research participants, issues and research direction for the objectivity of the Young North Korean defectors' psychological states, issues and research direction for the Young North Korea defectors' life in South Korea. Results as follows; First, there is no enough understanding of the research subjects and no consistency among the research results, and second, most of the researchers have no objective understanding of the research subjects' psychological states, and finally, most of the researchers have a 'adaptation model' strongly. So we have to have a more proper and objective stance for the Young North Korea defectors' life in South Korea.