• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2018

RC(Reinforced Concrete) structures are exposed to various exterior conditions, and the performances of both chloride resistance and freezing/thawing action are evaluated for those exposed to corrosive environment-sea shore. Recently developed FRP Hybrid Bars which is coated with glass fiber and epoxy with core steel has an engineering advantage of higher Elasticity than FRP rod. In this work, corrosion resistance, weight loss, and bond strength are evaluated for the FRP Hybrid Bar tested through freezing/thawing action for 300cycles. The double coated FRP Hybrid Bar shows the least weight loss without defection due to freezing/thawing action. Bond strength in FRP Hybrid Bar increases to 120% of normal steel through torturity effect with Si-coating. Bond strength in normal steel shows 0.86~0.89times in 3-day corrosion acceleration and 0.35~0.38times in 5-day corrosion acceleration, however, that in FRP Hybrid Bar shows little changes in bond strength before and after freezing/thawing action.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.6
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• pp.835-844
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• 2002

The number of channels available to a video server is limited since the number of channels a video server can support is determined by its communication bandwidth. Several approaches such as batching, piggybacking and patching have been proposed to reduce I/O demand on the video server by sharing multicast data. Patching has been shown to be efficient in the matter of the cost for VOD systems. Unlike conventional multicast techniques, patching is a dynamic multicast scheme which enables a new request to join an ongoing multicast. In addition, true VOD can be achieved since a new request can be served immediately without having to wait for the next multicast. In this paper. we propose two types of channel reservation patching algorithm : a fixed channel reservation patching and a variable channel reservation patching. To immediately schedule the requests for popular videos, these algorithms reserve the channels of video server for the fixed number of popular videos or for the variable number of popular videos which is determined dynamically according to the load of video server. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated through simulations, and compared with that of simple patching. Our performance measures are average defection rate, average latency, service fairness and the amount of buffered data according to video server loads. Simulation results show that the proposed channel reservation patching algorithms provide better performance compared to simple patching algorithm.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2012

Interferon induced transmembrane protein-1 (Ifitm-1) has been reported to have an important role in primordial germ cell formation, and it has expressed in female reproductive organ. In the present study, Ifitm-1 gene expression was identified in testes and all part of epididymis using western immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, Ifitm-1 expression was observed on the head of spermatozoa. To investigate the role of Ifitm-1 gene expression in behavior of spermatozoa after acrosome reaction, fresh sperm was incubated with calcium ionophore to induce acrosome reaction, whereas the expression of Ifitm-1 was not altered after the acrosome reaction. Then to identify the effect of Ifitm-1 in sperm motility and other seminal parameters, different concentration of Ifitm-1 antibody was incubated with spermatozoa, and seminal parameters were assessed using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). Interestingly, motility, progressive, and VAP were increased in the sperm with Ifitm-1 antibody treated compared to rabbit serum, however other parameters such as straightness were not changed. In order to identify the functional significance of Ifitm-1 in fertilization, capacitated spermatozoa were pre-incubated with anti-Ifitm-1 antibody and subsequently examined the ability to adhere to mouse oocytes. However, any defection or alteration in sperm-egg fusion was not found, Ifitm-1 antibody treated or non-treated spermatozoa showed a normal penetration. Although the precise role of Ifitm-1 in sperm motility and following fertilization need to be elucidated, this study suggests that the activation of Ifitm-1 on the sperm may enhance the motility of spermatozoa in mice.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.636-652
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• 2018

This study is about applying the concept of moral injury in reinterpreting and understanding the experience of female North Korean refugees who have experienced psychological trauma and are struggling with adjusting in their everyday lives. The database KISS and DBpia were used to search for academic peer-reviewed articles published before August 13th in 2017, using 'female or women North Korean,' 'female or women relocated North Korean,' and 'female or women North Korean defector' as keywords. In total 51 studies were finally selected for content analysis and the result were the following. First, listing from the most often occurring study topic to the least occurring topic in order: post-defection adjustment related, mothering experience, experience of North Korean regime and Korean War, work or job or employment related, recovering from psychological trauma as well as growth and resilience related, experiences in China, trauma and psychological difficulties, anxiety treatment process and effects. Second, words related to psychological aspect of moral injury appeared 260 times in 51 selected studies, changes in the existential belief appeared 82 times, cognitive aspects of moral injury appeared 71 times, and behavioral aspects 21 times. Third, two main contexts emerged to be the antecedent that led to moral injury and they were 'identity denial' and 'dismantled family.' In attempts to find opposite cases or stories where aspects of moral injury were not found despite the existence of its antecedents and it was 'identity restructuring.' Based on the finding, practice implications that could help female North Korean refugees prevent or recover from moral injury were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6432-6439
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• 2014

The NAUT (Non-contact Air coupled Ultrasonic Testing) technique is one of the ultrasonic testing methods that enables non-contact ultrasonic testing by compensating for the energy loss caused by the difference in acoustic impedance of air with an ultrasonic pulser receiver, PRE-AMP and high-sensitivity transducer. As the NAUT is performed in a state of steady ultrasonic transmission and reception, testing can be performed on materials of high or low temperatures or specimens with a rough surface or narrow part, which could not have been tested using the conventional contact-type testing technique. For this study, the internal defects of spot weld, which are often applied to auto parts, and CFRP parts, were tested to determine if it is practical to make the NAUT technique commercial. As the spot welded part had a high ultrasonic transmissivity, the result was shown as red. On the other hand, the part with an internal defect had a layer of air and low transmissivity, which was shown as blue. In addition, depending on the PRF (Pulse Repetition Frequency), an important factor that determines the measurement speed, the color sharpness showed differences. With the images obtained from CFRP specimens or an imaging device, it was possible to identify the shape, size and position of the internal defect within a short period of time. In this paper, it was confirmed in the above-described experiment that both internal defect detection and image processing of the defect could be possible using the NAUT technique. Moreover, it was possible to apply NAUT to the detection of internal defects in the spot welded parts or in CFRP parts, and commercialize its practical application to various fields.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.163-174
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• 2009

The first Chinese film maker from Korean ethnicity, Jang Ryul is also the first Korean director from Chinese background. As a diaspora himself, he crosses over two countries, trying to look through diaspora viewpoint at diaspora phenomena widely scattered in Northeast Asia. This paper is written in an effort to closely consider his story and style through 3 films, , , and . The main character in is a Korean Chinese woman, Choi Sun Hee, who sells Kimchi in outskirt of a city. is the story about the relationship between Hangai, a Mongolian man who plants trees in deserted prairie and North Korean mother and son in defection from North Korea. treats a group of characters floating around in Iri, the city that was vanished by the explosion 30 years ago. The first thing of the style of Jang Ryul building the diaspora viewpoint is time, crossing the floating space. The second one is the inversion of on-screen space and off-screen space or center and periphery. The third one is the absence of language. Given the fact that discourses about the identity of East Asia flourish these days, his movies, as the fruit of consistent attempt to search for East Asian identity within the filmmaking process, deserve more attentions.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.393-404
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• 2008

The approaches in many design codes for the estimation of the deflection of flexural reinforced concrete (RC) members utilize the concept of the effective moment of inertia which considers the reduction of flexural rigidity of RC beams after cracking. However, the effective moment of inertia in design codes are primarily based on the ratio of maximum moment and cracking moment of beam subjected to loading without proper consideration on many other possible influencing factors such as span length, member end condition, sectional size, loading geometry, materials, sectional properties, amount of cracks and its distribution, and etc. In this study, therefore, an experimental investigation was conducted to provide fundamental test data on the effective moment of inertia of RC beams for the evaluation of flexural deflection, and to develop a modified method on the estimation of the effective moment of inertia based on test results. 14 specimens were fabricated with the primary test parameters of concrete strength, cover thickness, reinforcement ratio, and bar diameters, and the effective moments of inertia obtained from the test results were compared with those by design codes, existing equations, and the modified equation proposed in this study. The proposed method considered the effect of the length of cracking region, reinforcement ratio, and the effective concrete area per bar on the effective moment of inertia, which estimated the effective moment of inertia more close to the test results compared to other approaches.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.238-245
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• 2006

To assess the ability of an extravasation defection accessory (EDA) to detect the clinically important extravascular Injection of iodinated contrast material that was delivered with an automated mechanical power injector. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of this device during clinically important episodes of extravasation. The EDA system was composed of a strain gage, an amplifier and a computer-based system. In the rabbit experimental cases, there were seven true-positive cases (range of the extravasation volumes: $14{\sim}23 ml$). The algorithm results showed seven true-positive cases (range of the extravasation volumes: $7{\sim}16ml$), nineteen true-negative cases, two false-positive cases and no false-negative cases. The EDA system had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90% for the detection of clinically important extravasation. The EDA system had good sensitivity for the detection of clinically important extravasation and the EDA system has the clinical potential for the early detection of extravasation of the contrast medium that is administered with power injectors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

Purpose - As the smart-phone market adds new technologies and introduces new marketing trends, competition among companies is getting fierce. Now, smart-phone companies need to pay attention not only to attaining new customers but also to retaining customers, which means managing relationships to prevent customer defection. Therefore, how to satisfy customer needs and maintain long-term relations are both important to make consistent progress in the rapidly changing smart-phone market. To illustrate this point, the study focuses on analyzing the effects of consumption value on relational factors and buying intentions among smart-phone users. First, consumption value was divided into functional, economic, and emotional values. After that, the effects of these values on satisfaction and brand trust were confirmed. Additionally, effects of satisfaction and brand trust on repurchase intention were analyzed. Research design, data, and methodology - The data was collected in a self-administered survey among 270 undergraduate students, using smart-phones between June 4th-12th, 2012. A total of 257 questionnaires were collected and used for the data analysis. A path analysis based on Lisrel 8.54 was used for the hypothesis test. Consumption value was divided into functional, economic, and emotional values. Subsequently, the effects of these values on satisfaction and trust in the brand were confirmed. Additionally, the effects of satisfaction and trust in the brand on repurchase intention were analyzed. Results - First, functional value, economic value, and emotional value - especially emotional value - were revealed to have positive effects on satisfaction. Second, emotional value was shown to have positive effects on brand trust, while functional and economic values did not. Third, satisfaction had positive effects on brand trust. In considering the relative influence on brand trust, satisfaction was the most crucial factor. It is clear that in the evaluation of the direct experience, using the product or the service plays an important role in building brand trust. Fourth, satisfaction and brand trust positively influenced repurchase intention. This indicates that both factors must be achieved to induce the repurchase Intention among customers. Conclusions - One can see that the enjoyable emotions consumers feel while using smart-phones is the most important factor in increasing levels of satisfaction. Moreover, this indicates that consumers pursue economic desires along with convenient functions in order to reduce opportunity costs. Additionally, consumers are affected by psychological and emotional messages in building trust, rather than practical and rational ones. Thus, in order to appeal to young clients as an attractive brand in the smart-phone market, approaching customers with an emotional value is recommended. In addition, in order for the brand to gain trust, the overall experience the consumer feels while using smart phones should be maximized. After all, one must fulfill the consumers' desire for a new experience and show a willingness to faithfully accomplish the responsibility of the brand to strengthen relationships with customers in the smart-phone market.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 1989

About Oui-Ga-Sil(胃家實) in order to considerate the contents recorded in Nai-Gyung Sang-Han-Lon and latter literature, definition, etiopathology, syndrome, differential diagnosis, therapy, Prognosis and prevention were classified. And the results were as follows: 1. Oui-Ga(胃家)was a term which indicated the whole digestive system such as stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. Sil(實)could be defined as the peculiar concept pertaining to the acute and last stage which was invaded to inside bowels because of abundance with evil influence. 2. Eliology of Oui-Ga-Sil was abunt gastric fever originally, injured mucus because of mistreatment, the invasion to inside of outside evil influence through meridian. Pathology was the opening and shutting appearance of gastric abundance with intestinal emptiness, and intestinal abundance with gastric emptiness, Oui-Ga-Sil could be occurred because of gastric abundant dryness and splenic humidifying capacity decrease. 3. Symptom of Oui-Ga-Sil was classified as for the sunlight outside syndrome and the inside abundant syndrome. The sunlight outside syndrome was body fever, sweating, no chilling, on the contrary hatred of fever. The chief complaint of inside abundant syndrome was daily fever, talking in delirium, hand and foot sweating, abdominal distention, difficult defection and those could be pertained to sunlight bowel syndrome. 4. Diagnostic views of Oui-Ga-Sil were that pulse was descending abundant large strong and smooth quick, a coated tongue was yellow, deep yellow, old yellow, thick, scorching dry rough or gray black. On abdominal diagnosis, pressing by hand, patient was conscious of pain, excessive pain, rejection against press, impossible press or intermittent abdominal pain and bowel cutting pain without press. 5. Differential diagnosis was that the sunlight of Nai-Gyung-Fever-Theory was outside desease making meridian the prime object, Baik-Ho-Tang syndrome was making figureless abundant fever the pivotal point. And important differential standard of splenic shrink syndrome was that a daily fever, an irritation with fever were not occurred. 6. Theory of Oui-Ga-Sil was that Seng-Gi-Tang classes had been used in attacking downward or making balance, and moxibustion on Jung-Wan, honey boiling induction theory had been also used. Attacking downward therapy was invigorating method to preserve mucus, and if mucus had been exausted with complicating emptiness prognosis had been appeared badly. 7. Preventing from Oui-Ga-Sil diet by rule, fitness to cold and warmth may be needed to prevent outside evil influence attack and inside evil influence occurrence. Prudence with being very busy, fatigue, wine and woman may be also needed not to be an injury to splanic and gastric spirit.