• 환경생물
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.625-639
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• 2019

오늘날 해양 생태계를 위협하는 물질의 하나로 주목받고 있는 미세플라스틱에 대하여 해양생물에 대한 유해성 등의 연구 현황을 종합하고 향후 연구 방향에 대하여 제안하고자 한다. 미세플라스틱은 5 mm 이하의 합성 고분자화합물로, 환경으로 배출된 이들 물질은 물리적으로 크기가 작을 뿐만 아니라 시간이 지남에 분해되지 않아 육지와 해양의 연안부터 원양까지, 표층과 심해에도 광범위하게 축적된다. 미세플라스틱은 해양 생물에게 섭식 및 축적될 수 있으며, 플라스틱에 첨가된 화학물질의 용출로 인한 위험성도 존재한다. 해양에 축적된 미세플라스틱은 해양 생물의 성장과 발달, 행동, 번식 및 사망 등에 영향을 끼친다. 다만 미세플라스틱의 특성은 크기, 재질, 모양 등 매우 다양하며, 몇가지 특성의 미세플라스틱으로 수행된 독성 시험이 다른 모든 미세플라스틱의 위해성을 대표할 수 없다. 때문에 미세플라스틱의 유형에 따른 위해성의 경향을 확인할 필요가 있으나, 미세플라스틱의 다양성으로 인해 여러 연구 결과에 통일성이 없어 비교 및 분석이 어렵다. 따라서 미세플라스틱의 유형에 따른 생물학적 위험을 추정하기 위해 표준시험법의 도출이 필요하다. 또한, 기존 연구의 대부분은 실험의 편의에 의해 대부분 구형을 대상으로 이루어지고있으나, 해양환경과 어패류에서 발견되는 미세플라스틱의 형태는 섬유 및 파편이 주류인 현실을 제대로 반영하고 있지 못하다. 더불어 플라스틱에 들어있는 첨가제 및 흡착 유해물질에 대한 연구는 있으나, 미세플라스틱의 형태로 생물의 체내로 들어갔을 때의 독성영향에 대하여 알려진 바는 거의 없다. 표준시험법의 개발, 구형보다 섬유와 파편 형태의 미세플라스틱에 대하여, 그리고 첨가제와 흡착 유해물질에 대한 연구가 진행된다면 해양 생태계 및 인간에 대한 미세플라스틱의 영향을 보다 상세히 파악할 수 있을 것이다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.91-124
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• 1985

Mariculture is contrasted with inland aqua-culturing fisheries. It is defind as the Industry of rearing Aquaorganism in limited coastal area relatively shallow in depth. Then, It's coming into being realization of Mariculture in it is long in history that Mariculture was realized in Korea. But it is from the early part of 1960s, that this industry has normally developed. Owing to 200 miles economy-zone problems of coastal countries, the development of deep sea fishing was limited, so the Korean Government has now appreciated the importance of cultured industries in the field of coastal fisheries. And the Korean Mariculture the output of which was only 18, 000 M/T in '60s attained 540, 000M/T in 1980s, has now occupied its relative importance in Korean Fisheries Industry. So the purpose of this report is to suggest the prospect of technical development of mariculture in the future of Korea, through the analysis of the various problems that affect upon the individual management '||'&'||' fishing ground utilization, along with the appreciation of "how to extend of those technical innovation" and "how the fishermen's technique level is extended at this stage. According to this study, the result is summarized as follows. First, Maricultural technique is classified into 8 sub-techniques as follows, as shown in fig. 1.Fig. 1. The Formation structure of mariculture technique Second, the change of technical method of mariculture in coastal area of Korea has made as 5 stages; 1) Scattering of culturing organism 2) Culturing by putting stone and installing bamboo 3) Culturing by installing rope and seeding 4) Culturing of putting objectives in cages 5) Culturing fish by feed Third, the maricultural fisheries of Korea has about 70 years long in history. It began from 1910s. But at that time there was no special technique in aquaculture and its technique was confined in searching out the object of species. The species was laver, oyster ect.Forth, although realization of mariculture in Korea has been long time, it is of late from 1960s that this has been industrial with normal development, and its technique of mariculture has mainly has developed from 1970s. Its result not only contributed to the high growth in Korean ecconomy along with the well balanced development between industires, but also it played a great role for the resolution of nation's food problem. Especially maricultural production has shown its sustained annual increase of 13.8% during the last 20 years. So the portion of mariculture among total fisheries stucture was extended from 4.1% in the early 1960s to 22.4% in 1980s.Fifth, it could be safely said that such development in maricultural field is resulted from the activity of aquacultural institutes such as Fisheries Reseach '||'&'||' Development production of major kinds such as Oyster, Sea-mustard, and Laver etc. As well as in the innovation of aquaculturing method with synthetic fiber utilization. FRDA has played important role in the efficient propargation of new aquacultural technique.Sixth, as for the change in aquaculture structure and its during period between 1970s and 1980s, the private management participation shown 25% increase from household number of 45, 173 to 56, 268 in total number. And in the respect of the management scale, of their management decreased, while it showed an increase in relative large scale management, the increase over 3 employees compared with other fisheries field between '70s and 80s. This must be an major trait to be recorded, Now the data above mentioned are shown as in table 1 and 2.Table 1. The maricultural fishing ground development situation in 982.Table 2. The mariculture management as seen in the employmnet size in high seasion.Owing to the technical innovation, of the mariculture in coastal area new income of fishermen increased and it also is true that the number of fishermen participating in its industrialization increased. But the problem being from now on is the self-discharge of the destruction fishing ground considered resulted from rapid expansion in aquaculture industry and the preventive system of sentility of fishing ground. sentility of fishing ground.