• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2023

<Deep Sea> is an 3D animated film that stands out for its exceptional special effects and distinctive artistic style. The film employs a multitude of dazzling and vibrant ink particles, creating a strong sense of three-dimensionality and weightlessness, while simultaneously portraying a dreamlike and elegant representation of a deep sea ink painting. Furthermore, through the utilization of fragmented stream of consciousness narrative technique, the film establishes a unique artistic effect infused with a Chinese atmosphere. This paper by analyzing the unique particle ink art style and color and stream of consciousness narrative methods in film, this paper discusses the innovative art style generated by traditional ink art style combined with three-dimensional technology, and the integration of traditional ink art ideas and artistic conception in animated films. The objective is to cultivate a new ink art style and prove the importance of traditional cultural expression in animated films, while providing new perspectives for the future application of traditional art in animation.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.142-148
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• 1998

심해저 망간단괴 채광에 따른 저층생태환경의 변화를 평가하기 위한 기초환경연구의 일환으로 북동적도 태평양 심해저 퇴적물 내의 총 ATP(T-ATP), 용존 ATP(D-ATP) 그리고 입자성 ATP(P-ATP)의 농도 및 수직분포양상을 연구하였다. T-ATP는 퇴적물 6 cm 깊이 내에서 4.4~40.6, D-ATP는 0.6~16.1, 그리고 P-ATP는 3.0~29.2 ng/g dry sediment의 범위로 변했다. T-ATP의 약 84%, D-ATP의 약 81% 그리고 P-ATP의 약 74%가 표층 퇴적물 2 cm 이내에 분포하는 것으로 나타났으며, 분포양상이 퇴적물 내의 함수율과 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 심해저 퇴적물 내의 미생물(P-ATP) 분포가 수층으로부터 전달되는 유기탄소에 의해 결정됨을 의미한다. 다중주상 시료채집기를 사용해 획득한 퇴적물에서 P-ATP 최대층이 0~0.5 cm 깊이 내에 존재하는 것으로 나타나, 표층이 교란되는 상자형 퇴적물 채집기보다는 다중주상 시료채집기가 심해저 퇴적물내 ATP의 미세수직구조의 연구를 위해서 더욱 효과적인 것으로 판명되었다. 결론적으로 ATP 농도가 퇴적물 깊이 6cm 이내에서 뚜렷한 수직분포양상을 보이는 것으로 미루어, ATP 분포양상이 향후 심해저 광업에 따른 미생물 생체량 변화를 평가하기 위한 유용한 환경기초자료로 사용될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.423-435
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• 2014

Verifying the similarity of environmental characteristics between an artificial impact site and a preserved or reference site is necessary to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the environmental impact of mining activity. Although an impact site (BIS station) and a preserved site (called KOMO station) that have been selected in the Korea manganese nodule contract area may share similar environmental characteristics, similarities in terms of the water column environment between both sites has not been investigated. In this study, we compared the chemical properties of the water columns and sinking particle fluxes between BIS and KOMO stations through two observations (August 2011 and September 2012). Additionally, we observed particle fluxes at the KOMO station for five years (July 2003~July 2008) to understand long-term natural variability. Vertical distributions of water column properties such as dissolved oxygen, inorganic nutrients (N, P, Si), total organic carbon below surface layer (within the depth range of 200 m) were not considerably different between the two sites. Especially, values of water column parameters in the abyssopelagic zone from 4000 m to bottom layer (~5000 m) were very similar between the BIS and KOMO sites. Sinking particle fluxes from the two sites also showed similar seasonality. However, natural variation of particle flux at the KOMO site varied from 3.5 to $129.9mg\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$, with a distinct temporal variation originating from ENSO events (almost forty times higher than a minimum value). These results could provide valuable information to more exactly evaluate the environmental impact of mining activity on water columns.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2014

Directly searching for undiscovered hydrothermal vent sites is inefficient due to the practical difficulty of comprehensively imaging vent fields. Thus, most searches for hydrothermal vent sites rely on the detection of hydrothermal plumes from water column observation. Detecting and measuring the hydrothermal plumes are the most efficient way to infer the presence and distribution of hydrothermal vents. Both the array of vertical casting and lateral towing are the most common methods to discover hydrothermal plumes. In this study, we compared results of cast and tow-yo operations along the same section of a spreading center with a distance of 20.5 km in the North Fiji Basin for mapping hydrothermal plumes. Operation of CTD tow-yo provides a detailed pattern of plumes which enable us to locate the hydrothermal vents. On the other hand, identification of hydrothermal activity can be determined effectively by CTD cast with additional analysis of geochemical tracers. Reduction in the operating time is another advantage of CTD cast operation, especially for regional-scale survey. Our results show that the combination of CTD cast and tow-yo would improve the efficiency of the hydrothermal plume survey to locate new hydrothermal vent sites.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2007년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.80-82
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• 2007

We have isolated numerous cold deep-sea adapted microorganisms (piezophilic, formerly referred to as "barophilic" bacteria) using deep-sea research submersibles. Many of the isolates are novel psychrophilic bacteria, and we have identified several new piezophilic species, i.e., Photobacterium profundum, Shewanella violacea, Moritella japonica, Moritella yayanosii, Psychromonas kaikoi, and Colwellia piezophila. These piezophiles are involving to five genera in gamma-Proteobacteria subgroup and produce significant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in their cell membrane fractions to maintain the membrane fluidity in cold and high-pressure environments. Piezophilic microorganisms have been identified in many deep-sea bottoms of many of the world oceans. Therefore, these microbes are well distributed on our planet. One of the isolated deep-sea piezophiles, Shewanella violacea strain DSS12 is a psychrophilic, moderately piezophilic bacterium from a sediment sample collected at the Ryukyu Trench (depth: 5,110 m), which grows optimally at 30 MPa and $8^{\circ}C$ but also grows at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) and $8^{\circ}C$. We have examined this strain to elucidate the molecular basis for gene regulation at different pressure conditions because this strain is useful as a model bacterium for comparing the various features of bacterial physiology under pressure conditions. In addition, we completed the sequencing of the entire genome of this piezophilic bacterium and we expect that many biotechnologically useful genes will be identified from the genome information.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to study whether priming with deep sea water results in enhancement of seed germination and to identify the optimum concentration of the priming solution, and duration of priming using sweet pepper (Cv. California wonder), rice (Cv. Ilpum) and ginseng seed. Sweet pepper and rice seeds were primed with 5 various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%) for deep sea water for 48 hours, 24 hours and 12 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ and ginseng seeds in 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%, and 2,4,6, and 8 electrical conductivity (EC) which were made by desalinating deep sea water. Priming in deep sea water (DSW) improved the early and final germination percentage, mean germinal on rate, emergence percentage and root and shoot length, compared with plain water, $KNO_3$ and without priming treatments. In sweet pepper, 24 hours priming with 5 percentage DSW significantly improved the early germination percentage and radical length. It has also improved the mean germination and emergence days and early emergence percentage, compared with $KNO_3$ and control. Whereas, in rice, 48 hours priming with 10 percent DSW significantly improved the early germination percentage, plumule emergence percentage, root length and shoot height. Hence the best seed priming treatment on sweet pepper and Rice are 24 hours with 5 percentage DSW and 48 hours with 10 percentage DSW, respectively, whereas in ginseng, priming with EC4, EC8 and 25% DSW had shown better germination.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.680-686
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted on wild vegetables; Gondalbi (Cirsium setidens), Deoduck (Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv.), and Jandae (Adenophora triphylla var. Joponica Hara) seed to study whether priming with deep sea water results in enhancement of seed germination and identify the optimum concentration of the priming solution, and duration of priming. Seeds were primed with 5 various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%) of deep sea water (DSW) in 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours at $24^{\circ}C$. Since Jandae had seed dormancy, it was kept for four weeks in refrigerator at $2^{\circ}C$ after priming treatment. In Deoduck, 5 percentage DSW priming significantly improved the early germination percentage, radicle length, and plumule emergence percentage. Among the priming period of treatments, 24 hours priming showed better performance in this treatment whereas, in Jandae, 12 hours priming with 10 percentages DSW significantly improved the germination percentage and germination rate. This treatment had increased the final germination percentage by 54%, 15% and 40% compared with control, plain water and $KNO_3$ priming respectively. But in Gondalbi, priming did not improve the germination of seed. However, among the priming treatments, 12 hours priming with 3% $KNO_3$ and 20% DSW gave better performance. In both the wild vegetables; Deoduck and Jandae, priming in deep sea water had improved the germination percentage and germination rate as compare to plain water, $KNO_3$, and without priming treatment. Hence the best seed priming treatment on Deoduck and Jandae are 24 hours with 5% DSW and 12 hours with 10% DSW respectively.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.692-710
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• 2018

The Three-dimensional (3-D) dynamical behaviors of a fluid-conveying pipe subjected to vortex-induced vibration are investigated with different internal flow velocity ${\nu}$. The values of the internal flow velocity are considered in both subcritical and supercritical regimes. During the study, the 3-D nonlinear equations are discretized by the Galerkin method and solved by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results indicate that for a constant internal flow velocity ${\nu}$ in the subcritical regime, the peak Cross-flow (CF) amplitude increases firstly and then decrease accompanied by amplitude jumps with the increase of the external reduced velocity. While two response bands are observed in the In-line (IL) direction. For the dynamics in the lock-in condition, 3-D periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic vibrations are observed. A variety of CF and IL responses can be detected for different modes with the increase of ${\nu}$. For the cases studied in the supercritical regime, the dynamics shows a great diversity with that in the subcritical regime. Various dynamical responses, which include 3-D periodic, quasi-periodic as well as chaotic motions, are found while both CF and IL responses are coupled while ${\nu}$ is beyond the critical value. Besides, the responses corresponding to different couples of ${\mu}_1$ and ${\mu}_2$ are obviously distinct from each other.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2010

Dietary lipid biomarkers (fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and sterols) in adult specimens were analyzed to compare and understand the feeding ecology of the euphausiid, Euphausia pacifica, from three geographically and environmentally diverse Korean waters (Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and East Sea). Total lipid content of E. pacifica from Korean waters was about 10% dry weight (DW) with a dominance of phospholipids (>46.9% of total lipid content), which are known as membrane components. A saturated fatty acid, C16:0, a monounsaturated fatty acid, C18:1(n-9), and two polyunsaturated fatty acids, C20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3), were most abundant (>60% of total fatty acids) in the fatty acid composition. Some of the fatty acids showed slight differences among regions although no significant compositional changes of fatty acids were detected between these regions. Phytol, originating from the side chain of chlorophyll and indicative of active feeding on phytoplankton, was detected all samples. Trace amounts of various fatty alcohols were also detected in E. pacifica. Specifically, krill from the Yellow Sea showed relatively high amounts of longchain monounsaturated fatty alcohols (i.e. 20:1 and 22:1), generally found in herbivorous copepods. Three different kinds of sterols were detected in E. pacifica. The most dominant of these sterols was cholest-5-en-$3{\beta}$-ol (cholesterol). The lipid compositions and ratios of fatty acid trophic markers are indicative of herbivory in E. pacifica from the Yellow Sea and East Sea (mainly feeding on dinoflagellates and diatoms, respectively). The lipid compositions and ratios of fatty acid trophic markers are indicative of carnivory or omnivory in E. pacifica from the East China Sea, mainly feeding on microzooplankton such as protozoa. In conclusion, lipid biomarkers provide useful information about krill feeding type. However, further analyses and experiments (i.e. gut content analysis, in situ grazing experiment, etc.) are needed to better understand the feeding ecology of E. pacifica in various marine environments.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2002

Trace organic contaminants in deep-sea sediments near Dokdo were analyzed. Total PAMs concentration ranged 14.8-314 ng/g dry weight and high molecular weight PAHs were dominant. The highest PAHs concentration was detected at A19 which located at Ulleung Basin. Most of organochlorines were under detection limit. Among the detected organochlorines, DDT compounds were dominant and followed by HCHs and HCB. Butyltin compounds and most of organophosphorus pesticides were not detected. Vertical distribution of PAHs showed typical sub-surface maximum and decreasing trends depending on depth. The highest PAHs concentration reached 454ng/g. Some organochlorines, DDT, HCH was detected and also showed decreasing trends. Other target organic pollutants were not detected in core sediments. Abnormally high level of PAHs concentration in A19 was discussed and the input sources were inferred to be the transport of sludge derived pollutant dumped at dumping site 'Byung' by deep current.