• ETRI Journal
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.421-434
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• 2018

The application of deep neural networks (DNNs) to connect the world with cyber physical systems (CPSs) has attracted much attention. However, DNNs require a large amount of memory and computational cost, which hinders their use in the relatively low-end smart devices that are widely used in CPSs. In this paper, we aim to determine whether DNNs can be efficiently deployed and operated in low-end smart devices. To do this, we develop a method to reduce the memory requirement of DNNs and increase the inference speed, while maintaining the performance (for example, accuracy) close to the original level. The parameters of DNNs are decomposed using a hybrid of canonical polyadic-singular value decomposition, approximated using a tensor power method, and fine-tuned by performing iterative one-shot hybrid fine-tuning to recover from a decreased accuracy. In this study, we evaluate our method on frequently used networks. We also present results from extensive experiments on the effects of several fine-tuning methods, the importance of iterative fine-tuning, and decomposition techniques. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by deploying compressed networks in smartphones.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2005년도 봄 학술발표회지 제14권(제1호)
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• pp.267-271
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out at 450"C, which is relatively lower than the temperature for supercritical water oxidation (600-650$^{\circ}C$). In this experiment, the decomposition rates of various incombustible organic substances were very high. In addition, it was confirmed that hetero atoms existed in organic compounds and chlorine was neutralized by sodium(salt formation).However, to raise the decomposition rate, relatively large amount of sodium nitrate(3-4 times the equivalent weight) was required. When complete oxidation is intended as in the case with PCB, the amount of oxidizer and decomposition cost is important. But when vaporization reduction is required as in the case with nuclear wastes, the amount of radioactive wastes increases instead. But as can be seen in the result of XRD measurement, unreacted sodium nitrate remained unchanged. If oxidation reaction of organic substance simply depends on collision frequency, unreacted sodium nitrate can be recovered and reused, then oxidation equivalent weight would be sufficient. In the gas generated, toxic gas was not found. As the supercritical water medium has high reactivity, it is difficult to generate relatively low energy level SO$_{X}$, and NO$_{X}$.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.623-632
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• 2012

In this paper, we analyzed the effect of wavelet decomposition levels in feature extraction for anomaly detection from hyperspectral imagery. After wavelet analysis, anomaly detection was experimentally performed using the RX detector algorithm to analyze the detecting capabilities. From the experiment for anomaly detection using CASI imagery, the characteristics of extracted features and the changes of their patterns showed that radiance curves were simplified as wavelet transform progresses and H bands did not show significant differences between target anomaly and background in the previous levels. The results of anomaly detection and their ROC curves showed the best performance when using the appropriate sub-band decided from the visual interpretation of wavelet analysis which was L band at the decomposition level where the overall shape of profile was preserved. The results of this study would be used as fundamental information or guidelines when applying wavelet transform to feature extraction and selection from hyperspectral imagery. However, further researches for various anomaly targets and the quantitative selection of optimal decomposition levels are needed for generalization.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2019

Recently, as the amount of particulate matter blowing from China increases, the domestic air environment is rapidly deteriorating. This pollution of the atmosphere greatly affects the light energy reaching the ground. Particularly, since the light enters the solar cell module in various forms, the amount of input energy of the solar power generation system may be changed depending on the ratio of direct beam irradiation and diffused horizontal irradiation. In this paper, we analyze how the ratio of direct beam component and diffused component on global horizontal irradiation varies with the atmospheric conditions. In addition, the reliability of the regression equation, designed to decompose the global horizontal irradiation into horizontal direct beam irradiation and diffused horizontal irradiation, was verified according to the level of air pollution. So, we derive the most suitable decomposition model for use in domestic climatic conditions in Korea by comparing the ratio of direct and diffuse component on the horizontal which is calculated with Perez model and Watanabe model using the meteorological weather data observed for 14 months. Finally, to reduce the error of the transposition result, we verified the reliability of the decomposition which depends on the atmospheric environment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2002

This study investigated the thermogravimetric analysis of two types of cured tannin-based adhesives from wattle and pine, with three hardeners of paraformaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine and TN (tris(hydroxyl)nitromethan), at a temperature of 170℃ and a heating rate of 5, 10, 20 and 40℃/min for 10 minutes. The 5 minutes cured wattle tannin-based adhesive with each hardener at 170℃ was also tested to compare the degree of curing. It was found that thermogravimetric analysis could be used to measure the degree of curing of a thermosetting adhesive. The TG-DTG curves of all the adhesive systems were similar and showed three steps in a similar way to a phenolic resin. This means that each adhesive system is well cross-linked. However, a high thermal decomposition rate was shown at 150 to 400℃ in the case of the pine tannin sample with TN (tris(hydroxyl)nitromethan). The Flynn & Wall expression was used to evaluate the activation energy for thermal decomposition. As the level of conversion (𝛼) increased, the activation energy of each system increased. The activation energy of the wattle tannin-based adhesive with paraformaldehyde was higher than the others.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.777-786
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• 1995

본 논문은 새로운 ASIC 구조로 최근에 관심을 모으고 있는 Table Look-Up형의 FPGA를 위한 기술 매핑에 대한 연구에 관한 것이다. 이를 위해 우선 다단계 논리 합성 , decomposition reduction, packing 등 각 설계 과정의 기존 알고리즘을 비교 분석 하였고, 각 과정에서 새로운 알고리즘을 첨가하였다. 설계 시스템의 최적화 대상인 CLB 갯수 및 네트 수의 최소화를 동시에 고려하기 위하여 사용자에 의해서 주어지는 각 요소의 가중치 선형합으로 된 비용 함수를 제안하였다. 이 비용함수를 사용하여 벤치마크 테스트를 통한 일반적인 회로에 적용성 검증, 기존 알고리즘의 성능 비교 및 개선에 대해 연구하였다. 논리 설계 합성기 구성 과정에서 Node-pair decomposition, merging fanin, unified reduction, 다출력 decomposition 등 4가지의 새로운 알고리 즘을 추가하여 실험한 결과, CLB와 네트의 수에서 SIS-pga보다 약 10% 적은 값을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1453-1464
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the changes in bacterial communities within decomposing swine microcosms, comparing soil with or without intact microbial communities, and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Methods: The experimental microcosms consisted of four conditions: UA, unsterilized soil-aerobic condition; SA, sterilized soil-aerobic condition; UAn, unsterilized soil-anaerobic condition; and San, sterilized soil-anaerobic condition. The microcosms were prepared by mixing 112.5 g of soil and 37.5 g of ground carcass, which were then placed in sterile containers. The carcass-soil mixture was sampled at day 0, 5, 10, 30, and 60 of decomposition, and the bacterial communities that formed during carcass decomposition were assessed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: A total of 1,687 amplicon sequence variants representing 22 phyla and 805 genera were identified in the microcosms. The Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices varied in between microcosms at each period (p<0.05). Metagenomic analysis showed variation in the taxa composition across the burial microcosms during decomposition, with Firmicutes being the dominant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria. At the genus level, Bacillus and Clostridium were the main genera within Firmicutes. Functional prediction revealed that the most abundant Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes metabolic functions were carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher bacteria diversity in UA and UAn microcosms than in SA and SAn microcosms. In addition, the taxonomic composition of the microbial community also exhibited changes, highlighting the impact of soil sterilization and oxygen on carcass decomposition. Furthermore, this study provided insights into the microbial communities associated with decomposing swine carcasses in microcosm.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2019

Natural variability associated with a variety of large-scale climate modes causes regional differences in sea level rise (SLR), which is particularly remarkable in the Pacific Ocean. Because the superposition of the natural variability and the background anthropogenic trend in sea level can potentially threaten to inundate low-lying and heavily populated coastal regions, it is important to quantify sea level variability associated with internal climate variability and understand their interaction when projecting future SLR impacts. This study seeks to identify the dominant modes of sea level variability in the tropical Pacific and quantify how these modes contribute to regional sea level changes, particularly on the two strong El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ events that occurred in the winter of 1997/1998 and 2015/2016. To do so, an adaptive data analysis approach, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), was undertaken with regard to two datasets of altimetry-based and in situ-based steric sea levels. Using this EEMD analysis, we identified distinct internal modes associated with El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) varying from 1.5 to 7 years and low-frequency variability with a period of ~12 years that were clearly distinct from the secular trend. The ENSO-scale frequencies strongly impact on an east-west dipole of sea levels across the tropical Pacific, while the low-frequency (i.e., decadal) mode is predominant in the North Pacific with a horseshoe shape connecting tropical and extratropical sea levels. Of particular interest is that the low-frequency mode resulted in different responses in regional SLR to ENSO events. The low-frequency mode contributed to a sharp increase (decrease) of sea level in the eastern (western) tropical Pacific in the 2015/2016 El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ but made a negative contribution to the sea level signals in the 1997/1998 El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$. This indicates that the SLR signals of the ENSO can be amplified or depressed at times of transition in the low-frequency mode in the tropical Pacific.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2001

퍼지제어가 서보시스템에 응용할 때 퍼지정보 시스템의 하드웨어 실현은 고속연산, 짧은 실시간의 제어 및 시스템의 소형 경량화가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 서보시스템에 적용하기 위한 퍼지정보 시스템의 하드웨어를 개발하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 $\alpha$-레벨 집합의 분해 원리에 기초하여 $\alpha$-컷 양자화에 따라 퍼지추론의 계산 방법을 제안하려다. 이 방법은 퍼지제어기의 아날로그 하드웨어의 구성을 쉽게 행할 수 있다. $\alpha$-컷 양자화에 따른 회지추론 엔진의 출력으로 $\alpha$-컷 양자화에 따른 퍼지추론 영향을 조사하였고 $\alpha$-컷 양자화 4 단계에서 DC 서보시스템의 퍼지제어에 양호한 결과를 얻었다. 제안한 퍼지추론 연산과 중심법에 의한 비퍼지화에서 직접 PWM 조작 신호를 얻는 방법을 나타내었다. 서보계의 실험을 행하여 유용성을 구명하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1050-1057
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• 2004

연구의 목적은 컴퓨터 도움 없이 독립으로 서보시스템의 퍼지제어를 위한 퍼지제어기 하드웨어 회로 개발이다 본 논문은 $\alpha$-레벨 퍼지집합 분해에 기초하여 DC 서보 시스템의 퍼지제어를 위해 퍼지 추론 연산의 하드웨어에 대하여 나타내었다. 퍼지추론에서 비퍼지화까지 일체적으로 퍼지추론 연산에 의해 직접 PWM 조작신호를 얻는 방법이 제안되었다. 이 방법은 아날로그 회로로 쉽게 구현할 수있다. 퍼지제어기 입출력 특성과 직류서보 전동기 퍼지제어 응답특성에서 $\alpha$-레벨 양자화 효과에 대하여 검토한 결과 양자화 수 $\alpha$=4 단계가 충분한 것을 알 수 있다. 제안한 하드웨어 방법은 실 직류 서보시스템의 적용에서 실험을 통하여 그 효과를 나타내었다.