• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

Getting evidence in to practice tends to focus on strategies, theories and studies that aim to close the gap between research knowledge and clinical practice. The evidence to practice gap is more about systems than individual clinician decision making. The absence of evidence for administration and management in the organization of healthcare is persistent. Teaching nurses and providing evidence as the solution to evidence-based healthcare is no longer axiomatic. Previous studies have concluded that unit level strategies integrate multi-professional teams with organizational needs and priorities. This 'best fit' approach that characterizes how healthcare is structured and delivered. The published literature shows that increased readiness for change is aligned with integrated approaches informed by conceptual models. The Joanna Briggs Collaboration is the largest global collaboration to integrate evidence within a theory informed model that brings together academic centres, hospitals and health systems for evidence synthesis, transfer and implementation. The best approaches to implementation are tailored to local culture and context, benchmark against international evidence, combine a theory informed model and stakeholder perspectives to improve the structure and processes of health care policy and practice.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2004

Emergy is a measure of the processes required to produce something expressed in units of the same energy form. Emergy based indices can provide insights into the thermodynamic efficiency of the process, the quality of its output, and the interaction between the process and its surrounding environment. However, in an industrial system, the inputs are mostly nonrenewable, renewable energy source is nearly zero, ultimate purpose is pursuit of profits in economic activity. In study, we present two indices based on emergy - EEE(Ecological Economic Efficiency) and ERI(Environmental Responsibility Index). The EEE is taken into account real value of product in market economy. The ERI is shown to be a function of the net yield of the economy, its ‘load’ on the environment and ecological economic efficiency. Manufacturing industry of Korea produced the 30% of total GDP in 2001. We applied these indices to manufacturing industry for environmental management and further sustainable industry. As a results, the highest ERI is 0.34 in recycling industries, the lowest ERI is 0.01 in coke, refined petroleum products which is dominated by ELR. The higher ERI, the more friendly to environment. The suggested indices help us understand relative contributions of various alternatives in company's production and consumption activity, and provide a tool of decision-making for the rearrangement of future industries. Furthermore, they contribute to environmental friendly operation and consumption.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 1994

The event-related potentials are difined as the changes in voltage that occur at paticular time before, during and after something that happens in the physical world or some psychological processes. The possibilities of clinical applications of ERP are considered because the endogenous potentials such as P3 and contingent negative variation(CNV) are determined by the psychological significance of the stimulus. The P3 is a positive wave that occurs when a subject detects an informative task-relevant stimulus. The P3 amplitude and latency are affected by the various factors as subjective probabilites, stimulus meaning and information transmission. It is suggested that P3 wave is associated with the decision making, cognitive or perceptual closure, memory updating and transfer of information to consciousness etc. Although the intracerebral origin of the P3 wave is not known, the P3 may have multiple intracerebral generators. The CNV is a slow potential shift occuring during the foreperiod, between warning and response signals, in a reaction time experiment. It is related to expectancy, preparation etc. The abnormal findings of P3 wave and CNV in various psychiatric disorders are also discussed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 1998

History of the Sensibility Ergonomics is explained. Concepts, definition, and research methods on the human sensibility are proposed for systematic applications of human sensibility studies to product and environment developments. Sensibility Ergonomics was born in socio-technological environments where consumers required aesthetic and satisfactory products in addition to useful and usable ones, and manufactures were trying to develop consumer-oriented, user-friendly products. Sensibility Ergonomics is defined as "multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary processes for developing products and environment as usable, comfortable and satisfactory with the information on human sensibility." Human sensibility is functionally defined as "feelings generated when perceived sensory and information stimuli are reflected from memory which has been accumulated through personal experiences." Human sensibility is affected by at least three factors: personal, social, and cultural. Consumers evaluate products in three aspects : functional, sensorial, and cultural sensibilities. Human sensibility is personal, dynamic, and ambiguous. It is generated reflectively and intuitively against external stimuli. No Physiological responses are accompanied, and one cannot control his/her sensibility. However, the sensibility affects the decision making or behavior of the person. To understand the human sensibility many inter-disciplinary methods should be used instead of one-variable approach. Micro-scopic studies such as Questionnaire, interview, behavioral analysis, and psychophysiological experiments can be performed. In addition, social and cultural studies are essential to understand an individual's sensibility. Results of sensibility studies can be applied to setup new interactions between human and machine through sensible(or affective) human-machine (computer) interfaces. Human-oriented and user-friendly products can be made with the information on human sensibility.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a method of applying a lifting-based wavelet domain e-median filter (LBWDEMF) for image restoration. LBWDEMF helps in reducing the number of computations. An e-median filter is a type of modified median filter that processes each pixel of the output of a standard median filter in a binary manner, keeping the output of the median filter unchanged or replacing it with the original pixel value. Binary decision-making is controlled by comparing the absolute difference of the median filter output and the original image to a preset threshold. In addition, the advantage of LBWDEMF is that probabilities of encountering root images are spread over sub-band images, and therefore the e-median filter is unlikely to encounter root images at an early stage of iterations and generates a better result as iteration increases. The proposed method transforms an image into the wavelet domain using lifting-based wavelet filters, then applies an e-median filter in the wavelet domain, transforms the result into the spatial domain, and finally goes through one spatial domain e-median filter to produce the final restored image. Moreover, in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method we compare the result obtained using the proposed method to those using a spatial domain median filter (SDMF), spatial domain e-median filter (SDEMF), and wavelet thresholding method. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to SDMF, SDEMF, and wavelet thresholding in terms of image restoration.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 1999

This is a pilot study to develop an environmental information system, that is a compute. system for managing various urban environments data of S.M.C(Seoul Metropolitar City), and is also supporting the environmental policy decision-making for the city government. With 2 times of business analysis, the present status of environmental information management in S.M.C. and the major business processes and the data required to computerization were produced. As a result of this study, the model of S.E.I.S.(Seoul Environmental Information System) was developed, which includes the purpose of system, basic system components, and functions of subsystems. Finally a comprehensive strategy for developing the S.E.I.S which includes action plans and annual plans, organizaions for operation, and for project management was provided.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2004

Bioenergy can be obtained from various forms of biomass such as agricultural, food processing, and municipal wastes. Recently, its importance is recognized more seriously because of its positive impacts on economic and stable energy supply and environmental sustainability. Despite its advantages, bioenergy has not been used as much as it was expected, nor has it been developed to the level of attractive commercialization in energy market. The main reasons for the sluggish progress have been analyzed by comparing the bioenergy policies in Korea and U.S.A. Both Korea and U.S. governments have recognized the importance of bioenergy and put in various efforts to promote the use of bioenergy. Both governments have legislated alternative energy promotion plans that support R&D, tax reduction, rewards, and low interest loans. However, it is suggested that the bioenergy policy and plan juxtapose the financial supports (R&D, tax exemption, low interest loan, education, etc.) with strong mandates and obligations. Although imposing strong mandates prerequisites the economically attractive and feasible technologies, it can motivate and speed up more effective technology development, in turn. In addition, the bioenergy R&D support must include studies on commercialization and marketing as well as process development. R&D on the socioeconomic effects of bioenergy should also be supported. Lastly, decision making processes for the bioenergy policy, and for alternative energy overall, must include environmental agencies for taking advantage of environmental benefits of bioenergy.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.496-510
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• 2016

Simulation technology is a type of shipbuilding product lifecycle management solution used to support production planning or decision-making. Normally, most shipbuilding processes are consisted of job shop production, and the modeling and simulation require professional skills and experience on shipbuilding. For these reasons, many shipbuilding companies have difficulties adapting simulation systems, regardless of the necessity for the technology. In this paper, the data model for shipyard production simulation model generation was defined by analyzing the iterative simulation modeling procedure. The shipyard production simulation data model defined in this study contains the information necessary for the conventional simulation modeling procedure and can serve as a basis for simulation model generation. The efficacy of the developed system was validated by applying it to the simulation model generation of the panel block production line. By implementing the initial simulation model generation process, which was performed in the past with a simulation modeler, the proposed system substantially reduced the modeling time. In addition, by reducing the difficulties posed by different modeler-dependent generation methods, the proposed system makes the standardization of the simulation model quality possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1378-1389
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• 2002

This study was to identify dimensions of subjective knowledge and to test the structural model of the effect of subjective knowledge on information search and evaluation rules for apparel products. A questionnaire was administered to 668 females living in Seoul, Taejon, and Cheongju, and the data were analysed by using LISREL 8. The results of this study were as follows: First, consumers' subjective knowledge regarding apparel products consisted of five factors; Style knowledge, Fashion Knowledge, Store Knowledge, Fabric/Management Knowledge, and Brand knowledge. Those factors were influenced by the experience related with apparel products. Second, the subjective knowledge influenced information searches. That is, internal search was significantly influenced by fashion knowledge and store knowledge, while external search was significantly influenced by fashion knowledge and fabric/management knowledge. Third, the subjective knowledge had indirect effects on evaluation rules via search activities (e.g., internal and external), suggesting that the internal search was mediated in relationship between subjective knowledge and compensatory rule, while the urtemal search was mediated in the relationship between subjective knowledge and noncompensatory rule. Therefore, this study implies that subjective knowledge plays an important role to explain consumers' decision making processes such as information search and evaluation.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.150-180
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• 1997

This article introduces the five functions of the national innovation system(NIS). As one of social systems in the national level, the five generic functions of open system - production, boundary spanning, maintenance, adaptation, management functions - are applied to the NIS. The production function is the primary process, which produces innovative products and services of the NIS. The boundary spanning function is the function of procuring input and disposing the innovation output or aiding in these processes. Experienced R&D human resources, R&D funds, technology etc. are some of the components of the input of the NIS. The maintenance function is responsible for maintaining smooth operation and upkeeping the system in terms of various conditions. The adaptation function is to help the system change and adapt, and scan the environment for problems, opportunites, and technological developments. It has outward orientation, from the long-term view for the survival of the system. The management function carries out planning and control of the overall activities for the other four functions in order to effectiving run the system as a whole. Finally, this article discusses implications of the diagnosis of the national innovation system and the decision making process of S&T policy.