• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis in elderly patients. Methods : The authors reviewed the medical records of 49 patients older than 65 years of age with lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent surgical treatment from January 2002 to December 2004 in our institute. Results : Average age of patients was 70 years old [32 women, 17 men]. Twenty-four patients had chronic medical disorders. All patients were operated under the general anesthesia of these, 29 patients underwent decompressive laminectomy and decompressive laminectomy with instrumentation and fusion in 20 patients. The mean operation time was 193.5 minutes, mean estimated blood loss was 378cc and mean postoperative hospital stay length was 15.3 days. The mean follow-up duration was 11.9 months. The evaluation of outcome was assessed by Macnab classification. At first month after operation, the outcome showed excellent in 7 [14.3%]. good in 35 [71.4%], fair in 5 [10.2%], and poor in 2 [4.1%]. And at 6 months after operation, 17 patients were lost in follow-up, the outcome showed excellent in 4 [12.5%], good in 25 [78.1%], fair in 3 [9.4%], and no poor cases. There was no significant difference between outcome of laminectomy alone and that of laminectomy with fusion. Six patients [12.2%] experienced postoperative complications which included wound infection [3], nerve root injury [1], disc herniation [1], and reoperation due to insufficient decompression [1]. There were no deaths related to operation. Conclusion : We conclude that the surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis in elderly patients can provide good results with acceptable morbidity when carefully selected. In addition, decision on lumbar spinal fusion should not be against solely on advanced age.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2015

An effective way to understand the dynamic and time series that follows the passage of time, as valuation is to establish a model to analyze the phenomena of the system. Model of the decision process is efficient clustering information of the total mass of the time series data of the relevant population been collected in a particular number of sub-groups than to look at all a time to an understand of the overall data through each community-specific model determination. In this study, a sub-grouping of the group and the first of the two process model of each cluster by determining, in the following in sub-population characterized by a fusion with heuristic Bayesian clustering techniques proposed a process which can reduce calculation time and cost was confirmed by experiments using actual effectiveness valuation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2008

Identification of humans from multiple view points is an important task for surveillance and security purposes. For optimal performance the system should use the maximum information available from sensors. Multimodal biometric systems are capable of utilizing more than one physiological or behavioral characteristic for enrollment, verification, or identification. Since gait alone is not yet established as a very distinctive feature, this paper presents an approach to fuse face and gait for identification. In this paper we will use the single camera case i.e both the face and gait recognition is done using the same set of images captured by a single camera. The aim of this paper is to improve the performance of the system by utilizing the maximum amount of information available in the images. Fusion in considered at decision level. The proposed algorithm is tested on the NLPR database.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term follow-up radiologic/clinical outcomes of patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and inter-body fusion (ACDF) with stand-alone cages (SAC) in a single academic institution. Methods : Total 99 patients who underwent ACDF with SAC between February 2004 and December 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 131 segments were enrolled in this study. Basic demographic information, radiographic [segmental subsidence rate, fusion rate, C2-7 global angle, and segmental angle changes)/clinical outcomes (by Odom's criteria and visual analog score (VAS)] and complications were evaluated to determine the long-term outcomes. Results : The majority were males (55 vs. 44) with average age of 53.2. Mean follow-up period was 62.9 months. The segmental subsidence rate was 53.4% and fusion rate was 73.3%. In the subsidence group, anterior intervertebral height (AIH) had more tendency of subsiding than middle or posterior intervertebral height (p=0.01). The segmental angle led kyphotic change related to the subsidence of the AIH. Adjacent segmental disease was occurred in 18 (18.2%) patients. Total 6 (6%) reoperations were performed at the index level. There was no statistical significance between clinical and radiological outcomes. But, overall long-term clinical outcome by Odom's criteria was unsatisfactory (64.64%). The neck and arm VAS score were increased by over time. Conclusion : Long-term outcomes of ACDF with SAC group were acceptable but not satisfactory. For optimal decision making, more additional comparative long-term outcome data is needed between ACDF with SAC and ACDF with plating.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2015

Collective intelligence is related to several areas such as sociology, business administration, political science, and computer science. This paper can be classified as a product of social engineering of the era of liberal arts and science convergence, fusion, consilience. Members today have higher need for self-actualization and contribution. As the business is changing fast and getting more complicated, a mechanism of natural science is necessary in social organization. The mechanisms of collective intelligence are composed of divergence process and convergence process. And the seven steps were designed that the first letter of each steps leads to 'PROCESS'. When implemented by applying the procedures that reflect the opinions of members throughout this paper, there are members who participated in the decision-making process will contribute to actively participate in the decision when to run, and specific tools and techniques in online communities are for future studies.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2011

The appearance of Web has brought an substantial revolution to all fields of society such knowledge management and business transaction as well as traditional information retrieval. In this paper, we propose an EFASIT(Extended Fuzzy AHP and SImilarity Technology) model considering the emotion analysis. And we combine the Extended Fuzzy AHP Method(EFAM) with SImilarity Technology(SIT) based on the domain corpus information in order to efficiently retrieve the document on the Web. The proposed the EFASIT model can generate the more definite rule according to integration of fuzzy knowledge of various decision-maker, and can give a help to decision-making, and confirms through the experiment.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권9호
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• pp.2037-2051
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• 2012

Cognitive radio (CR) is envisioned as a promising paradigm of exploiting intelligence for enhancing efficiency of underutilized spectrum bands. In CR, the main concern is to reliably sense the presence of primary users (PUs) to attain protection against harmful interference caused by potential spectrum access of secondary users (SUs). In this paper, evolutionary algorithms, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are proposed to minimize the total sensing decision error at the common soft data fusion (SDF) centre of a structurally-centralized cognitive radio network (CRN). Using these techniques, evolutionary operations are invoked to optimize the weighting coefficients applied on the sensing measurement components received from multiple cooperative SUs. The proposed methods are compared with each other as well as with other conventional deterministic algorithms such as maximal ratio combining (MRC) and equal gain combining (EGC). Computer simulations confirm the superiority of the PSO-based scheme over the GA-based and other conventional MRC and EGC schemes in terms of detection performance. In addition, the PSO-based scheme also shows promising convergence performance as compared to the GA-based scheme. This makes PSO an adequate solution to meet real-time requirements.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an effective method for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radios where cognitive user(CR) with the highest reliability sensing data is only selected and allowed to report its local decision to FC as only decision making node. The proposed scheme enables CR users to implicitly compare their sensing data reliabilities based on their likelihood ratio, without any collaboration among cognitive radio users. Due to the mechanism, the proposed cooperative scheme can achieves a high spectrum sensing performance while only requiring extremely low cooperation resources such as signaling overhead and cooperative time in comparison with other existing methods such as maximum ratio combination (MRC) based, equal gain combination (EGC) based and conventional hard combination based cooperative sensing methods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.981-988
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• 2023

A seismic event caused an accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, which further resulted in simultaneous accidents at several units. Consequently, this incident has aroused great interest in the safety of nuclear power plants worldwide. A reasonable safety evaluation of such an external event should appropriately consider the correlation between SSCs (structures, systems, and components) and the probability of failure. However, a probabilistic safety assessment in current nuclear industries is performed conservatively, assuming that the failure correlation between SSCs is independent or completely dependent. This is an extreme assumption; a reasonable risk can be calculated, or risk-based decision-making can be conducted only when the appropriate failure correlation between SSCs is considered. Thus, this study analyzed the effect of the failure correlation of SSCs on the safety of the system to realize rational safety assessment and decision-making. Consequently, the impact on the system differs according to the size of the failure probability of the SSCs and the AND and OR conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2014

Social overhead capital (SOC) facilities are being threatened continuously by abnormal climate events that are increasing globally. For disaster response, rapid decision making on evacuation routes and other matters is critical. For this purpose, spatiotemporal information that combine data on disasters and SOC facilities needs to be utilized. This information is separately collected by government agencies and public organizations, and is not managed in an integrated manner. For rapid disaster response, an integrated management of separately collected disaster data and the creation of such information as the safety and damages on SOC facilities are required. To achieve this goal, it is essential to build inventories that integrate all the related information to support decision making indispensable for disaster response. In this study, a development plan for an integrated inventory management system based on the management and connection of inventories to support rapid decision making for disaster response is proposed. This system can collect and standardize data related to disasters and SOC facilities that are being managed separately and provide integrated information in line with the needs of users. The proposed system can be used as a decision making tool for proactive disaster response.