• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권14호
• /
• pp.5611-5615
• /
• 2014

Context: Tobacco is the single largest cause of preventable death among adults globally, as it is in India. Despite this alarming situation, there is very minimal inclusion of tobacco in formal education systems, including the medical discipline, in India. Aims: The present study analyzed the extent of integration of tobacco control related content in Masters of Public Health (MPH) curricula of various institutes in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during January 2011 to May 2011 in all colleges of the country offering a MPH course. The colleges were enlisted using various internet search engines (Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline), other published literature and snowball technique. A 50 items semi-structured questionnaire was designed, posted and e-mailed (followed by hard copy) to the Person-In-Charge of the MPH program. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to profile the tobacco control content in respective institutions. All data entry and analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 16) for windows. Results: The duration of the MPH course was two years in all institutes and had accreditation with some affiliated body. Tobacco related diseases were covered under 'non communicable diseases' section by every institute. However, a mere 41.4% of institute's had faculty who had received specialized training in tobacco control. More coverage was given to health risks and effects of smoking as compared to cessation interventions (5 A's), symptoms of withdrawal and pharmacological treatments. Only 25% of institutes were in process of introducing tobacco courses into their curricula. Lack of expertise and administrative barriers were cited as perceived major problems in inclusion of tobacco control in MPH curricula. Conclusions: It can be concluded that tobacco control is not receiving adequate attention in public health curricula in India. There is a need for coordinated efforts in the area of tobacco control so as to reduce morbidity and mortality from tobacco induced diseases.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The records of 447 pesticide poisoning deaths from the National Forensic Service (NFS) headquarters located in Seoul of Korea from 2005 to 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Methods : The data of each case were analyzed by using the SPSS program. Results : The mean age was $57.8{\pm}14.8$ years and the range was 16-92 years. The numbers of deaths of males and females were 301 and 134, respectively. The largest number of cases occurred in people aged 50-59 years (n=92, 20.6%) followed by the age groups 40-49 years (n=91, 20.4%), 60-69 years (n=88, 19.7%), and 70-79 years (n=75, 16.8%). The total number of deaths among other age groups (10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 80-89, and 90-99 years) was 73, representing only 16.3%. Of all pesticide poisoning deaths, 96.2% were due to suicide, and 28.4% of the total number who died received medical treatment. The mostfrequent site of ingestion was the person's own residence (n=279, 62.4%). The most common classes of pesticide were bipyridylium herbicide (paraquat, 31.1%), organophosphate insecticide (21.7%), and carbamate insecticide (15.4%). The major pesticides having a high proportion of fatalities were paraquat (31.1%), methomyl (11.4%), glyphosate (9.1%), dichlorvos (5.6%), phosphamidon (4.6%), and methidathion (4.0%). Conclusions : This study showed that poisoning deaths due to pesticides are one of the major public health problems in Korea. Enforcement of regulations and safety education to prevent pesticide poisoning should be carried out by the government.

• 한국보건교육건강증진학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국보건교육건강증진학회 1999년도 3rd International Symposium
• /
• pp.149-163
• /
• 1999

네팔의 보건부산하 보건서비스부서에서는 5개년계획을 게우고 있으며, 지방에서 기본적인 보건의료서비스제공을 위한 주요 전략으로 일차보건의료사업을 하고 있다. 그러나 자유화 정책(Liberation policy)으로 인해 도시지역의 전문화된 서비스 개발, 인간자원 개발, 경영강화와 민간 및 대외 투자 등이 활발해졌다. 그러나 네팔은 아직도 높은 출산력, 영양결핍, 전염병, 높은 사망률 등을 겪고 있는 데 이는 조기결혼, 미신적인 전통신앙과 행동, 비위생적 생활, 빈곤, 문명, 감독과 모니터링의 결핍, 높은 인구밀도, 민간 및 대외활동에 더 많이 투자해야 하고; 인력개발 및 전문화된 서비스가 관리되어야 하며; 경영기술이 강화되고 이전사업의 평가를 통해 향후 사업수행상의 오류를 피할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 이러한 것들이 개선된다면 네필주민의 건강목표는 달성될 것이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.639-647
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the need for hospice care programs in families of patients with cancer. Method: The study surveyed 98 families who were taking care of patients with cancer. This survey was conducted from August 2004 to October 2004 at two general hospitals in Seoul. The data were collected through a self-reporting questionnaire of 22 items. The items were classified into five areas by factor analysis to identify the construct validity. The reliability of the tool was established by Cronbach's alpha as .93 and the data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results: 1) The degree of need for hospice care of the subjects showed a high average of $3.26({\pm}3.7$). The need for 'emotional care of patients showed the highest mean' (M=3.47), 'management of terminal physical symptoms' (M=3.34), 'control of secondary physical problems' (M =3.26), 'acceptance of the family's difficulty' (M=3.12), 'spiritual care for preparing for death' (M=2.96), respectively. 2) With respect to the demographic characteristics of the subjects, there were statistically significant differences in hospice care needs, according to the onset of diagnosis (F=3.110, p=.030). Conclusion: Hospice care must be provided considering the needs of families of patients with cancer. In this sense, this country's needs as well as hospice nurses' higher concern and support for hospice care of patients require further education and program development to meet the current demands.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.129-138
• /
• 2005

As the patients who need to undergo liver transplant operation continues to grow. the number of livers that are donated can not keep pace with the demand. With the development of surgery skills, the necessity for operations from living donors is increasing. Nevertheless, satisfactory research has been conducted on the factors which generally affect the living donors. In this article. therefore. researchers focused on the factors which generally affect the donating liver donor in order to design a plan for recommending liver donation from living donors. The subjects were 91 living liver donors in C university hospital from October 1. 2000 to December 31. 2003. The results on the uncertainty of living donor, by test sheet. were analyzed with SAS program. The final results were as follows: 1. The uncertainty of the living donors was 51.54 marks per full credit 100. 2. The factor with the greatest effect on donation was the possibility of survival of the donor, followed by the admission period. marriage status and age. In recommending the living donation, the rate of donor survival after the operation was 5.2 times higher than death, 5.2 times higher when the admission period was under 20 days. 5.0 times higher when married. and 27.3 times higher when the family-related donation was very active at the age of 20s than in the 50s. These results suggest that all medical staffs should care for living donors with more interest and activity to give them the least complaints in admission and the lowest possibilities for complication. To enhance the survival rate and improve the surgical success rate. on-going monitoring should include regular health-checks. and continual efforts and education should be made to care for the health condition of the living donors after donation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.2178-2188
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 건강한 사람보다는 불건강한 즉 질병에 노출될 가능성이 많은 사람들을 간호의 대상으로 하는 간호 대학생과 간호사의 영적 요구도를 비교 파악하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 2011년 9월부터 10월까지 부산 경남지역의 간호사 총 153명과 간호 대학생 총 147명을 대상으로 설문 조사 수집하였으며 최종 200부를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 영적 케어 요구도 수준을 '사랑과 유대감', '희망과 평화'. '삶의 의미와 목적', '죽음의 수용', '신과의 관계'에 대한 5가지 영역으로 구분하여 조사한 결과 간호사 집단에서는 사랑과 유대감이 가장 수준이 높았으며(r=3.82), 신과의 관계 영역이 가장 낮은 수준이었다(r=2.73). 이에 비하여 간호 대학생의 집단에서도 5개의 영역 중 사랑과 유대감 영역의 수준이 가장 높았고(r=3.92), 신과의 관계 영역의 수준이 가장 낮았다(r=2.99). 간호사와 간호 대학생간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 것은 '죽음의 수용'과 '신과의 관계'였으며 간호 대학생이 간호사에 비해 '죽음의 수용'과 '신과의 관계'에 대한 요구도 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 간호사의 영적요구도 영역간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 '삶의 의미와 목적'이 '희망과 평화' 영역과의 관련성이 가장 높았고(r=.699), '신과의 관계' 영역과 '희망과 평화'간의 관련성이 가장 낮았다(r=.247). 간호 대학생의 영적요구도 영역간의 상관관계 분석결과, '삶의 의미와 목적'이 '희망과 평화' 영역과의 관련성이 가장 높았고(r=.660), '죽음의 수용'과 '신과의 관계' 영역간의 관련성이 가장 낮은 것으로 조사되었다(r=.277). 따라서 향후 연구에서는 본 연구의 결과에서 도출된 영적 간호 제공자인 간호 대학생과 간호사의 영적 요구도를 바탕으로 더욱 효율적이고 체계화된 영적 간호 교육 프로그램 개발이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.956-962
• /
• 2018

Childhood obesity causes a higher risk of obesity, premature death and disability in adulthood. In addition, obese children experience an increased risk of respiratory problems, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and psychological effects. This study aimed to investigate how an exercise intervention affects health-related physical fitness and inflammatory-related blood factors in obese children after. We hypothesized that there would be positive effects on serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), connecting peptide(C-peptide) and resistin, as well as in muscle and cardiovascular-related physical capacities, after an exercise intervention in obese children. Thirty-seven obese children haveperformed health-related fitness tests and provided blood samples for the analysis of changes in circulating biomarkers, both before and after an 8-week exercise intervention, which includes stretching, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and sports games. The results indicate that exercise training beneficially affects body compositions, especially percentage body fat and muscle mass, without influencing to body weight and height. The results of the physical fitness tests show that muscle and cardiovascular capacity were increased in obese children in response to exercise training. Simultaneously, the exercise training decreased circulating levels of C-peptide, which equated to a "large" effect size. Although there were no significant effects on the levels of IGF-1 and resistin, they show a "small" effect size. Therefore, our findings suggest that the exercise intervention have beneficial effects on body composition and physical fitness levels in obese children, whichmight be associated with the decline in circulating C-peptide.

• 한국노년학
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.517-529
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 중·노년층 임금근로자의 고용형태가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구로 고용형태 변수와 인구사회학적 특성 변수로 구분하여 분석하였다. 한국복지패널 12차 년도 자료를 활용하여 2017년 기준으로만 55세 이상 75세 이하 4,341명 중에서 주된 고용형태가 '상용직·임시직·일용직 임금근로자'이거나 '자활근로·공공근로·노인일자리'로 응답한 1,244명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 연령집단별로는 55-64세(중년층) 826명, 65-74세(노년층) 418명의 중·노년층이 포함되었다. 55-64세(중년층) 집단은 통제변수 중 배우자 유무, 주관적 건강상태, 기초생활수급유무, 평균 월소득 변수가 삶의 만족도 영향요인으로 나타났고 고용형태는 55-64세(중년층) 집단에서 삶의 만족도에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 65-74세(노년층) 집단은 교육수준이 높을수록, 배우자가 있거나 사별인 경우, 건강상태가 좋다고 인식할수록, 기초생활수급 경험이 없을수록, 평균 월소득이 높을수록 삶의 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고용형태중 '자활근로/공공근로/노인일자리'와 같은 공공형 일자리에 참여하는 노년층의 삶의 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 노년층 임금근로자를 위한 다양한 공공형 일자리 사업의 발굴과 확대 추진을 뒷받침하는 연구결과라고 하겠다. 따라서 기존의 기초생활 수급자 중심의 공공형 일자리 제공에서 벗어나 사업에 참여할 의사가 있는 모든 노년층을 대상으로 확대될 필요가 있다. 아울러 중앙정부 중심의 노인일자리 사업 뿐만 아니라 지자체나 민간부문 차원의 노인일자리 사업의 발굴과 운영을 위한 정책적, 실천적 차원의 방안이 강구되어야 함을 시사한다. 끝으로 본 연구의 한계점과 후속연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.22-39
• /
• 1997

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation education on the reduction of the stress of family members who have patients suffering from stroke and to find a new way to nurse the patients and their family. Subjects & Methods: The subjects were sixty-one family members with the patients who had been hospotalized in K hospital of oriental medicine from september the 9th, 1996 to september the fourteen, 1996. This study was performed by simulated control group pretest-posttest design; pretest was done on the control group through a questionnaire, counselling and observation while posttest was done on the experimental group 1-2 days after systemic rehabilitation education. To teach the patients and their family, the amended version of a book written by Lee Hae-jin was used as a tool for systemic rehabilitation education. As a method to estimate ADL score, modified Kang's method was applied and ADL score was measured by well-trained technician. As for the tool to estimate the degree of family stress, Choi's method adjusted to this study was applied. In the analysis of the data, social property of the patient and the characteristic of the disease were surveyed in $X^2$ examination to confirm the consistency between the experimental group and the control group. The diffrence in the degree of the stress, which is a dependent factor, was examined by t-test. The difference in ADL score between the experimental group and the control group was examined by t-test. The difference in the degree of the stress according to the general feature of the family with stroke patient, social property of the patients and the characteristic of the disease were surveyed by F examination. The difference in family stress according to the degree of ADL was surveyed by F examination. RESULTS: 1. After hypothetically-examined systemic rehabilitation education, the total of the score of family stress surveyed in 34 items of three domains was compared between the experimental group and the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups; mean score of experimental group=2.28, that of control group=2.93(t=.17, df=59, p=. 66). 2. In the survey on family stress in 34 items, the items over mean score 3.0 were firstly the anxiety of possible disability and relapse of the disease and secondly to watch the patient's suffering without doing anything in the domain of the change of the disease and the difficulty in caring. And the items of the lowest stress with less than mean 2.0 score were little chance to meet the relative and friends, inconsistent treatment and attitude of the medical workers and the change of the attitude of the relative due to the patient orderly in the domain of social and personal relation and the responsibility as the family. The items which showed the difference between two groups were aggravation of neighboring patient(t=3.36, df= 59, p=.001) and the possibility of patient's death(t=2.19, df=58.38, p=.033) in the domain of the change of the disease and the difficulty in caring. 3. In the study on the stress difference according to general features of the family with the stroke patient, the score of family stress with the occupation was higher with mean 2.49 than that of the family stress without occupation with mean 2.16, but there was no significant difference. (F=5.21, df=1/59, p=.026). 4. In the study on the stress difference according to social property of the patient and the characteristic of the disease, there was significant difference in the age of the patients (F=2.98, df=3/57, p=.039). These results show that even if there is no statistically significant difference between two groups, sixteen of the experimental group are less than 3.0 in ADL score(standard 6 score)while eight of the control group are less than 3.0 and that ten of the experimental group are in the year range of 39-49 while four of the control group are in the year range of 39-49 which showed significant difference in family stress. These imply that there is a possibility that the experimental group have serious and fundamental stress resulting in high pretest stress compared with the control group. It might be due to the characteristic of simulated control group pretest-posttest design that the psychologic-supportive effect by the education was not observed. On the basis of these results, the followings are suggested. 1) A study on the nursing-mediated method to reduce the stress in the items which are not resolved by rehabilitation education, a study on nursing according to the patient's age and a study on the supportive nursing toward the family with occupation are required. 2) More than two times consecutive nursing-mediated rehabilitation education to measure the family stress is required. 3) Comprehensive and multilateral systemic education program including the instruction on western-eastern medicine, physical therapy, exercise and diet through collaboration of the experts in each field is required. 4) Family stress at home as well as in the hospital needs to be estimated and home rehabilitation and home-nursing needs to be continued.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.19-33
• /
• 2009

Purpose : To check the legal relation between rescue team and patient as well as legal responsibility for patient's damage intentionally or erroneously caused by rescue member, a public official, in the performance of relevant job ; to prevent legal dispute over rescue team and to present program for fair settlement of dispute and equitable and feasible burden of damage. Method : First, the legal principle of Civil Law, Criminal Law and Administrative Law related to the theme of this research will be investigated around research by literature. Second, the case of dispute related to rescue team will be introduced. Result: 1. If 119 rescue members as a public official intentionally or erroneously cause damage to patient in the performance of job, they shall bear civil, criminal and administrative responsibility. They shall bear civil responsibility for indemnity for damage due to default or tort. The typical criminal responsibility includes accidental homicide arising out of duty, preparing falsified official document, dereliction of duty, etc. In the administrative side, the state is responsible for indemnity for peculiar status of the rescue member, public official. 2. Though raising civil petition or legal dispute over unsatisfactory rescue service may be reasonable to guarantee the right of nation, such action may cause stress to rescue member as well as may lead to mental shrinking and defensive attitude only to take the basic first aid treatment which has low possibility of mistake instead of active first aid treatment so as to avoid legal responsibility. 3. The program that may prevent legal dispute over 119 rescue team includes expansion of manpower specialized in first aid treatment, enhancement of education on legal environment, development and application of standard job guideline, formation of mutual trust with patient, detailed explanation, preparing and keeping minute record, improvement of the rescue members' ability of first aid treatment and development of medical instruction mode. Conclusion : The best policy is to prevent legal dispute. If it is impossible to basically exclude the possibility of dispute, however, we need to make effort to minimize the occurrence, settle fairly and divide damage equitably and feasibly. To improve the preventible death rate of our first aid system to the level of advanced country, 119 rescue team which is in charge of the stage before hospital needs to positively enforce special first aid by improving the qualitative level of rescue service and to strive to prevent legal dispute that may occur in the process.