• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 1996

A series of in vitro experiments was conducted to investigate response of rumen bacterial deamination to the ionophore salinomycin. Addition of salinomycin to the inoculum, strained rumen fluid, depressed ammonia production from casein, while increased accumulation of ${\alpha}$-amino acids. This suggests an inhibitory effect of salinomycin on ruminal deamination. When the effect in washed bacterial suspension was monitored with individual amino acid, aspartic acid degradation was markedly inhibited by salinomycin. This inhibition was not observed when the mixed rumen bacteria were ultrasonically disrupted and used as the enzyme source. Extent of the inhibition tended to be higher in the bacteria source from sheep on a high roughage diet. From these results it was speculated that the inhibition of deamination with salinomycin is caused by a decreased transport of amino acid into the bacterial cells as well as a decreased proportion of deaminating bacteria in the rumen.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.543-544
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• 2003

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 1988

Examination of many microorganisms and soil isolated for the activity of aspartase proved that R, rubra, G, suboxydans, A. versicolor, P. purpurogenum, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, A. gigantus, A, unguis, A. parasiticus and a soil isolate (S-90) had high activity of aspartase. Comparison of the activity of the aspartase by cell free extracts of these microorganisms with the activity of the enzyme catalyzing the deamination of aspartame by the same cell free extracts showed similar kinetic characteristics. The aspartase existing in the cell free extracts seemed to catalyze the deamination of aspartame, too.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2005

Recycled polyol was obtained by glycolysis of MDI-based Polyurethane(PU) rigid foam. The chemical structure of the recycled pclyol was confirmed by GC(gas chromatography) and 1H-NMR. The recycled polyol throughout the glycolysis contained liquid polyol and methylenedianiline(MDA). MDA which could cause liver cancer is carcinogenic material. TWA(Time Weighted Average.) amount for MDA in MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheets) was confined less than 0.1 ppm. The melting temperature of MDA is $92^{\circ}C$, and boiling temperature is $398^{\circ}C$. During the gylcolysis most of MDA was dissolved in liquid polyol. The probability that MDA diffuses into the atmosphere is low but there could be an absorption of MDA into skin. Furthermore because MDA is amine compound, recycled polyol which contained MDA had a difficulty in reaction control of polyurethane. Therefore reduction of MDA amount was needed strongly. In this study the elimination of MDA were performed through deamination of the recycled polyol by glycidyl ether compounds. As glycolysis was proceeded, the amount of MDA was 9.8 wt % at early stage and increased up to 14.0 wt % after 8 hours reaction. It was found that 2-Ethylhexyl glycidyl ether which contains aliphatic moiety was very effective compound for eliminating the primary aromatic amine compound :md the optimal mole ratio of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether to MAD was 3. The final polyol after deamination by 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether has an appropriate viscosity(less than 500 centi poise) for polyurethane reaction.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.158-167
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• 2022

Ubiquitin (Ub) is post-translationally modified by Ub itself or Ub-like proteins, phosphorylation, and acetylation, among others, which elicits a variety of Ub topologies and cellular functions. However, N-terminal (Nt) modifications of Ub remain unknown, except the linear head-to-tail ubiquitylation via Nt-Met. Here, using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and an Nt-arginylated Ub-specific antibody, we found that the detectable level of Ub undergoes Nt-Met excision, Nt-deamination, and Nt-arginylation. The resulting Nt-arginylated Ub and its conjugated proteins are upregulated in the stationary-growth phase or by oxidative stress. We further proved the existence of Nt-arginylated Ub in vivo and identified Nt-arginylated Ub-protein conjugates using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based tandem mass spectrometry. In silico structural modeling of Nt-arginylated Ub predicted that Nt-Arg flexibly protrudes from the surface of the Ub, thereby most likely providing a docking site for the factors that recognize it. Collectively, these results reveal unprecedented Nt-arginylated Ub and the pathway by which it is produced, which greatly expands the known complexity of the Ub code.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1998

This study is to develop a new synthetic method for the nitroarenes via non-electrophilic substitution. Direct nitration at the C-1 position of isoquinoline has never been reported and substitution in isoquinoline under the normal nitration condition occurs at C-5 and C-8. We have demonstrated a facile one-step sythetic method for the nitration of isoquinolines at the C-1 position, which involves the electrophilic attack of a $DMSO-Ac_2O$ complex, followed by nucleophilic addition of nitrate ion to this intermediate. Since the reaction is simple and mild, this method has preparative merit since 1-nitroisoquinolines are not readily accessible by other methods. Application to the synthesis of poly nitroarenes from the corresponding anilines was also described.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2012

Accumulation of modified nucleotides is defective to various cellular processes, especially those involving DNA and RNA. To be viable, organisms possess a number of (deoxy)nucleotide phosphohydrolases, which hydrolyze these nucleotides removing them from the active NTP and dNTP pools. Deamination of purine bases can result in accumulation of such nucleotides as ITP, dITP, XTP and dXTP. E. coli RdgB has been characterised as a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase that can act on these nucleotides. S. cerevisiae homologue encoded by YJR069C was purified and its (d)NTPase activity was assayed using fifteen nucleotide substrates. ITP, dITP, and XTP were identified as major substrates and kinetic parameters measured. Inhibition by ATP, dATP and GTP were established. On the basis of experimental and published data, modelling and simulation of ITP, dITP, XTP and dXTP metabolism was performed. (d)ITP/(d)XTPase is a new example of enzyme with multiple substrate-specificity demonstrating that multispecificity is not a rare phenomenon

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2019

Curcumin, an active ingredient of Curcuma longa L., can reduce the concentration of low-density lipoproteins in plasma, in different ways. We had first reported that curcumin exhibits hypocholesterolemic properties by improving the apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing in primary rat hepatocytes. However, the role of curcumin in the regulation of apoB mRNA editing is not clear. Thus, we investigated the effect of curcumin on the expression of multiple editing components of apoB mRNA cytidine deamination to uridine (C-to-U) editosome. Our results demonstrated that treatment with $50{\mu}M$ curcumin markedly increased the amount of edited apoB mRNA in primary mouse hepatocytes from 5.13%-8.05% to 27.63%-35.61%, and significantly elevated the levels of the core components apoB editing catalytic polypeptide-1 (APOBEC-1), apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF), and RNA-binding-motif-protein-47 (RBM47), as well as suppressed the level of the inhibitory component glycine-arginine-tyrosine-rich RNA binding protein. Moreover, the increased apoB RNA editing by $50{\mu}M$ curcumin was significantly reduced by siRNA-mediated APOBEC-1, ACF, and RBM47 knockdown. These findings suggest that curcumin modulates apoB mRNA editing by coordinating the multiple editing components of the edito-some in primary hepatocytes. Our data provided evidence for curcumin to be used therapeutically to prevent atherosclerosis.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1994

Adenosine deaminase (ADA)의 여러 기질과 억제물질의 반응 속도론적 상수가 Aspergillusoryzae의 세포내 효소인 ADA의 활성자리에 어떻게 부착하고 어떤 요인을 필요로 하는지를 알기위해 측적되어졌다. kcat/$K_m$값에 의하면 조사된 기질로 작용하는 화합물 중에 3'-deoxyadenosine이 가장 좋은 기질로 작용하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 몇 개의 유사체가 억제물질로 조사되었는데 purine riboside가 $3.7{\times}10^{-5}$M의 값 $K_i$값을 가지고 가장 강한 억베물질로 나타났다. Adenine은 기질로도 억제물질로도 작용을 못하므로 adenine의 N-9 위치의 ribose가 효소에 부착하는데 중요하다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 또 ADA는 6-chloropurine riboside(6-CPR)의 dechlorination을 촉매화하여 inosine과 Cl이온을 생성한다. 6-CPR의 ADA에 대한 기질 특이성은 정상 기질인 adenine의 0.86%로 측정되었다. ADA의 경쟁적 억제물질인 purine riboside는 비슷한 $K_i$값을 가지고 dechlorination도 억제하므로 deamination과 dechlorination 반응은 효소의 부착자리를 공유하고 있다고 생각되어진다. SH기에 작용하는 화합물중 수은제인 p-chloromercuribenzoate(PCMB), mersalyl acid, $HgCl_2$는 효소의 deamination 반응을 억제했다. Mersalyl acid에 의해 활성이 억제된 ADA는 thiol reagent인 dithiothreitol이나 2-mercaptoethanol에 의해 활성이 회복되지만 PCMB에 의해 억제된 효소는 회복되지 않았다. 각 수은제들이 억제물질로 작용할 때 $K_i$값과 억제양상이 측정되었는데 모두 경쟁적 방해를 보였다. $K_i$값은 10mM 인산완충용액에서 측정한 것이 100 mM 인산완충용액에서 측정한 것보다 훨씬 낮아 인산기가 기질이 아니어도 효소의 부착에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제40권
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• pp.387-411
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• 2007

고대 DNA분석은 인류학, 고고학, 생물학자뿐만 아니라 대중의 관심사가 될 정도로 점차 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 고고학자와 생물학자는 인류의 기원과 집단의 이주, 민족의 형성 그리고 고대인의 질병과 매장문화를 규명하는데 있어 고대 DNA분석을 접목하고 있으며, 이미 멸종된 동물의 계통진화학적인 연구에도 이를 활용하고 있다. 고대 DNA분석의 새로운 전기가 마련된 계기는 고대 시료에서 추출되는 미량의 DNA 증폭을 가능하게 한 종합효소연쇄반응(Polymerase chain reaction, PGR)법이 개발되면서였다. 그러나 고대 DNA는 탈아미노화나 절편화 등의 분자 손상 정도가 심한데 이것은 PCR에서 중합효소의 정확한 DNA 증폭을 방해하는 요인으로 작용한다. 시토신이 탈아미노화되어 우라실을 형성하는 것은 DNA의 염기치환오류를 일으킬 수 있으며, 이런 현상은 증폭 과정에서 고유의 염기서열에 대한 고정치환($C{\rightarrow}T$, $G{\rightarrow}A$)을 유도하게 된다. 또한 대부분의 고대시료는 외부 오염물에 노출되어 있는데, 특히 외부 DNA의 오염은 고대 DNA의 염기서열을 결정함에 있어서 부정확한 결과를 도출시키는 심각한 문제를 초래하곤 한다. 이와 같이 고대 시료는 오랜 기간 동안 자연 분해과정과 다양한 오염물질에 노출되어 있어 그 훼손 정도가 심한 것이 일반적이다. 고대 DNA 연구에 있어서 많은 생화학적 손상과 외부 DNA의 오염을 극복하기 위해서는 보통의 분자생물학적인 방법과 기준보다 더욱더 엄격한 검증 절차에 의하여 연구가 진행되어야 하며, 연구 결과의 신뢰성을 확보하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 따라서 본 글에서는 고대 DNA의 손상과 오염물질에 의한 부정확한 염기서열결정과 오류를 보정하고 예방할 수 있는 연구 기준과 실험적 절차를 설명하고자 한다.