• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.26-29
• /
• 2003

Background and Objectives : Gastric acid reflux has been suggested to have an association with sleep apnea(SA). This study's aim is to evaluate the relationship between reflux laryngitis and SA through the fact that the treatment of reflux laryngitis may impact the snoring and SA related symptoms in selective individuals. Methods : Population consist of 24 males and 10 female aged 34 to 66 years(mean age 50 years) confirmed by Reflux Finding Score(RFS) of PC Belafsky. Thirty four patients with reflux laryngitis and associated symptoms of SA were treated with proton pump inhibitor(Rabeprazole sodium 10mg/day) for 60 days. The degree of snoring and apnea related symptoms were evaluated using questionnaires, and palatine tonsillar hypertropy(PTH) and RFS were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Results : After antireflux treatment for 60 days, the snoring(p=0.039), daytime sleepiness(p=0.002), and concentration(p=0.011) were significantly improved(p<0.05) and RFS was significantly decreased(p=0.000), but morning headache(p=0.057) and sleep apnea(p=0.083) were not significantly improved(p>0.05) and PTH was not significantly decreased(p=0.328). Conclusion : Treatment of reflux laryngitis significantly impacted the snoring, daytime sleepiness, and concentration in selective individuals. These results suggest some close relationship between reflux laryngitis and SA, and the treatment of reflux laryngitis may be some effective in those with both disorders.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.348-356
• /
• 2014

To understand the relationship between road-traffic noise and urban components such as population, building, road-traffic and land-use, the city of Cheongju that already has road-traffic noise maps of daytime and nighttime was selected for this study. The whole area of the city is divided into square cells of a uniform size and for each cell, the urban components are estimated. A spatial representative noise level for each cell is determined by averaging out population-weighted facade noise levels for noise exposure population within the cell during nighttime. The relationship between the representative noise level and the urban components is statistically modeled at the cell level. Specially, we introduce a spatial auto regressive model and a spatial error model that turns out to explain above 85 % of the noise level. These findings and modeling methods can be used as a preliminary tool for environmental planning and urban design in modern cities in consideration of noise exposure.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.158-161
• /
• 1999

We determined threshold environmental factros to initiate infection of pepper plants by Botrytis cinerea, a fungal pathogen of pepper gray mold, in two greenhouse conditions. A new efficient spore-trapping method was developed to estimate population density of airborne conidia in the greenhouses, and spore release was measured using a Kerssies' selective medium. At a given day, spores were released greater during daytime (mostly from 7:30 am to 10:30 am and at 4:30 pm) than nighttime. Diurnal and nocturnal temperatures in the greenhouse-1 were about $25^{\circ}$ and $17^{\circ}$,and relative humidity was 100% for prolonged 24 h due to rain on December 17, 1997. Population density of air-borne conidia was 3.0$\times$103 conidia/ $0.5\textrm{m}^3$ after two days, and the initial infection occurred in ten days. During the same period of time in the greenhouse-2, diurnal temperature was about $25^{\circ}$ and nocturnal temperature was below $15^{\circ}$, and population density of air-borne conidia was 104 conidia/ $0.5\textrm{m}^3$. Under these conditions, the initial infection started in three days. This indicates that the early infection occurs under which diurnal temperature is approximately $25^{\circ}$, nocturnal temperature is maintained below $15^{\circ}$, and population density of air-borne conidia is 104 conidia/ $0.5\textrm{m}^3$ at saturated relative humidity condition.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.550-555
• /
• 2011

The road traffic noise has emerged major noise as the overcrowding of the urban population and the explosion of car storage capacity. There are limits for establishing the measures to meet noise standard because of the increase of high-rise building and insufficient distance between residential areas and road in urban center areas. Therefore, this study analyze the problem of the application of national road noise standard, and present the alternatives to achieve environmental standards in conjunction with the soundproofing measures. To reduce the population ratio exposed to road noise on seoul motorway, we suggest some action plane are as follows: i) Roadside noise standard of nighttime beside daytime is the first noise reduction goals ii) Noise standard of Noise and vibration control act is priority in case of existing area iii) Noise standard of basic environmental policy act is priority in case of new area.

• 국토계획
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.75-90
• /
• 2019

As the 24-hour society arrives, human activities in daytime and nighttime urban spaces are changing drastically, and the need for new urban management policies is steadily increasing. This study analyzes the types and characteristics of Seoul's human dynamics using location-based big data and the results are summarized as follows. First, the pattern of human dynamics in Seoul repeats itself every 7 days. Second, the types of human dynamics in Seoul can be classified into five types, and each of type has its own unique time-series and local characteristics. Third, the degree of match between human dynamics and zoning system in urban planning legislation was highest in 'Type 1' residence pattern and low in other types. The following implications can be drawn from these results. First, This paper examined the methodology of analyzing the regional characteristics of Seoul through the human dynamics and obtained meaningful results. Second, This paper can derive reliable and objective pattern analysis results using Big data that reflect the overall population characteristics. Third, the scale of night-time activity in the urban space of Seoul was understood, and its distribution, patterns and characteristics identified.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.457-467
• /
• 2021

이 연구에서는 COVID-19 확산에 따른 정부의 사회적 거리두기 조치가 도시민들의 공간이용행태에 미친 영향을 서울시 생활인구 자료를 이용하여 분석한다. 생활인구는 서울시와 KT가 공공빅데이터와 LTE시그널 데이터를 이용하여 추계한 특정시점, 특징지역에 존재하는 모든 인구이다. 커널밀도추정과 공간자기상관을 이용하여 COVID-19 유행 전후인 2019년과 2020년의 주중 주간생활인구를 분석한 결과, 2019년과 2020년의 생활인구분포는 전반적으로 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 이는 정부의 사회적 거리두기 조치가 COVID-19 확산을 통제하면서도 어느 정도 정상적인 활동을 가능하게 했다는 것을 의미한다. 그러나 2020년과 2019년의 차감생활인구에 대한 분석 결과는 미시적 차원에서 다른 결과를 보여주고 있다. 상업시설과 업무시설이 밀집한 지역에서는 주간생활인구가 감소하였으며 주거지역에서는 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 COVID-19 사회적 거리두기 조치가 공간적으로 균등하지 않은 영향을 발생시켰다는 것을 의미한다. 공간회귀분석을 통해 지역, 토지이용, 경제, 교육, 접근성 특성의 생활인구 변화 영향을 분석한 결과, 상업과 업무시설 밀도가 높을수록, 규제를 받는 업종들과 비대면 수업을 하는 학교와 대학교가 많을수록 주간생활인구가 더 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 재택근무와 야외활동 증가로 주택과 공원이 많을수록 주간생활인구가 더 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2002

Diel vertical distribution of phytoflagellates and interactions between the phytoplankton components and environmental and biological factors were studied in a small artificial pond for three days on the December 18, 1998 and April 9 to 10, 1999. The phytoplankton population was dominated by Mallomonas akrokomos of chrysophytes and Cryptomonas marssonii and Chroomonas sp. of cryptophytes. The vertical distribution of these phytoflagellates taxa exhibited clear diel migration pattern. Moreover their migration patterns are showed differential fluctuation between M. akrokomos, C. marssonii and Chroomonas sp. The later two species upward migrated in the evening as well as night, whereas the former species migrated downward. Their distinctive migration pattern was found during the night but was not observed in the morning. During daytime C. marssonii and Chroomonas sp. showed maximum density above 2 m depth but M. akrokomos below 2 m depth. The diel vertical distribution of the dominant phytoflagellates did not show significant correlation between physical, chemical and biotic factors.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2021

In patients having long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC), the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) increased compared with general population. Dysplasia is a precancerous lesion of colitic patients, and traditionally total proctocolectomy was considered as a standard therapy to prevent colorectal cancer in UC patients. However, even with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), patients who underwent total proctocolectomy may experience early and late postoperative complications, such as ileus, bleeding, pouchitis, and so on. In addition, the bowel movement after proctocolectomy with IPAA reaches a median of seven times per day, and a considerable proportion of patients require daytime and nighttime pads. Change in the strategy for managing dysplasia started from two early studies, which suggested polypectomy for polypoid dysplasia to prevent CRC in colitic patients. After that, many studies supported that polypectomy should be the first option for the management of polypoid dysplasia. Moreover, recent studies suggested the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection as a therapeutic option for non-polypoid dysplasia, although long term, large studies should be followed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.75-92
• /
• 2005

Extensive previous studies on taxonomy, behavior/bionomics and control of Anopheles sinensis are reviewed and summarized. Recent molecular identification revealed that the population of An. sinensis complex includes An. sinensis, An. pullus, An. lesteri and at least two new species, and An. yatsushiroensis is synonmy of An. pullus. An. sinensis is the main vector specie of vivax malaria in Korea. Larvae of An. sinensis breed in wide range of habitats which are naturally-made clean water, stagnant or flowing; main habitats include rice fields, ditches, streams, irrigation cannals, marshes, ponds, ground pools, etc. Their host preferences are highly zoophilic. Human blood rate is very low ($0.7-1.7\%$); nevertheless An. sinensis readily feeds on man when domestic animals are not found near by. They feed on hosts throughout the night from dusk to dawn with a peak period of 02:00-04:00 hours; they are slightly more exophagic (biting outdoors); much larger numbers come into the room when light is on. Main resting places are outdoors such as grasses, vegetable fields and rice fields. A mark-release-recapture study resulted that $37.1\%$ was recaptured within 1 km, $29.4\%$ at 1-3 km, $21.1\%$ at 3-6 km, $10.3\%$ at 6-9 km and $2.1\%$ at 9-12 km distance. An. sinensis hibernate outdoors (mostly under part of dense grasses) during October-March. At the end of the hibernation period (March-April) they feed on cows at daytime. Until today any single measure to effectively control An. sinensis population has not been found. Indoor residual spray with a long-lasting insecticide can not reduce vector population densities, but shorten their life spans in some degree, so contributes to malaria control.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.91-111
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to compare 119 emergency medical services (EMS) in South Korea and Japan to provide essential data for EMS improvement in South Korea. Methods: Recent data and regulations on firefighting and EMS in South Korea and Japan were analyzed and compared. Results: South Korea follows a centralized approach to EMS, whereas Japan operates with autonomous bodies that establish their own criteria. Japan considers more regional variables than South Korea. In South Korea, there are shortages in fire station deployment among the 119 emergency medical resources in certain regions, leading to significant regional disparities. South Korea has a larger population served by its 119 emergency medical resources with a higher workload and dispatch numbers than Japan. The percentage of non-transported patients among the total number of dispatches was higher in South Korea. Conclusion: Increasing the number of medical professionals and ambulances per population to the level of Japan to reflect local conditions and include various underlying variables such as daytime population, aging, and emergency dispatch conditions in the deployment of 119 emergency resources, and to reduce the deployment gap between regions, will contribute to improving the performance of the South Korea EMS system.