• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.774-787
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• 2011

본 논문은 다중경로신호를 포함한 위성항법신호의 특성에 관한 정량적 분석을 수행하고, 나로우주센터의 발사대에 나로호가 발사대기중일 때에 저장된 데이터를 바탕으로 발사장 주변환경으로부터 발생한 다중경로신호로 인하여 GPS 수신기에서 계산된 항법해 및 신호대잡음비에서 나타난 일반복 특성에 대하여 다룬다. 발사대에 설치된 나로호에서는 GPS 안테나와 주위환경 및 GPS 위성궤도가 거의 변하지 않으므로 계산된 항법해와 신호대잡음비의 변화율과 크기가 그대로 일반복 되고 있음을 확인하였다. 다중경로의 영향에 관한 분석과 발사대에서 관찰된 항법해와 신호대잡음비의 일반복 특성은 위성발사체가 발사대기하고 있을 때에 GPS 수신기의 성능을 안정화시키기 위한 방법을 찾는데 크게 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.5.1-5.9
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• 2016

Background: The milk yield can be affected by the frequency of milking per day, in dairy cows. Previous studies have shown that the milk yield is increased by 6.25 % per lactation when the milking frequency is increased from 2 to 3 times per day while the somatic cell count is decreased. To investigate the effect of milking frequency (3X vs. 4X) on milk yield and it's genetic parameters in the first and second lactations of the Iranian Holstein dairy cows, a total of 142,604 test day (TD) records of milk yield were measured on 20,762 cows. Results: Heritability estimates of milk yield were 0.25 and 0.19 for 3X milking frequency and 0.34 and 0.26 for 4X milking frequency throughout the first and second lactations, respectively. Repeatability estimates of milk yield were 0.70 and 0.71 for 3X milking frequency and 0.76 and 0.77 for 4X milking frequency, respectively. In comparison with 3X milking frequency, the milk yield of the first and second lactations was increased by 11.6 and 12.2 %, respectively when 4X was used (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Results of this research demonstrated that increasing milking frequency led to an increase in heritability and repeatability of milk yield. The current investigation provided clear evidences for the benefits of using 4X milking frequency instead of 3X in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2001

손실 200 ppm급과 30 ppm급인 두 종류의 시험 반사경을 대상으로, 지수감쇠 방법을 이용한 반사경 손실측정 시스템의 오차 특성이 조사되었다. 공진기 길이 떨림에 의한 공진기 감쇠신호의 지수함수 왜곡을 보상하기 위하여 감쇠신호 데이터 평균기법을 적용하였다. 감쇠신호 6개의 평균이 취해졌을 때 감쇠신호의 지수함수 곡선맞춤 오차개선이 뚜력시 관측되었으며 손실 200ppm급 시험 반사경의 경우 약 2.4배 손실 30ppm급 시험 반사경의 경우 약 1.3배의 반사경 손실 측정오차 개선효과를 얻을 수 있었다 시험 공진기에서의 일별(day-to-day) 반사경 손실측정 반복도 오차가 조사되었다. 손실 200ppm급 시험 반사경의 경우 약 5.0%, 30ppm급 시험 반사경의 경우 약 26.4%의 손실측정 반복도 오차가 관측되었다. 저손실 반사경 평가에서 확인된 낮은 감쇠신호 데이터 평균효과와 높은 손실측정 반복도 오차는 손실측정 시스템 자체의 측정오차 이외에 시험 반사경 표면의 불균일한 손실 공간분포와 주변 오염원 유입의 결과로 분석되었다 또한 공진기 길이 떨림의 크기와 공진기 길이 측정오차가 손실측정 시스템의 정확도에 미치는 영향을 계산을 통해 조사한 결과, 분해능 수 ppm 급 현재의 측정 시스템의 성능에 미칠수 있는 공진기 길이오차의 영향은 충분히 적은 것으로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.798-803
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for milk ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), acetone (Ac), fat protein ratio (FPR), and energy balance (EB) using milk test day records and investigate the effect of early lactation FPR and EB on milk ketone body concentrations. Methods: Total 262,940 test-day records collected from Korea Animal Improvement Association during the period of 2012 to 2016 were used in this study. BHBA and Ac concentrations in milk were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FPR values were obtained using test day records of fat and protein percentage. EB was calculated using previously developed equation based on parity, lactation week, and milk composition data. Genetic parameters were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood procedure based on repeatability model using Wombat program. Results: Elevated milk BHBA and Ac concentrations were observed during the early lactation under the negative energy balance. Milk FPR tends to decrease with the decreasing ketone body concentrations. Heritability estimates for milk BHBA, Ac, EB, and FPR ranged from 0.09 to 0.14, 0.23 to 0.31, 0.19 to 0.52, and 0.16 to 0.42 respectively at parity 1, 2, 3, and 4. The overall heritability for BHBA, Ac, EB and FPR were 0.29, 0.32, 0.58, and 0.38 respectively. A common pattern was observed in heritability of EB and FPR along with parities. Conclusion: FPR and EB can be suggested as potential predictors for risk of hyperketonemia. The heritability estimates of milk BHBA, Ac, EB, and FPR indicate that the selective breeding may contribute to maintaining the milk ketone bodies at optimum level during early lactation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1209-1216
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• 2005

This study aimed to use field data collected by the Hokkaido Dairy Cattle Milk Recording and Testing programs to estimate genetic parameters for concentration of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and predicted Digestive Crude Protein Percentage of requirement (DCPun). Edited data consisted of 5,797,500 test-day records of MUN and yields of milk, fat, and protein obtained from 783,271cows in Holstein herds in Hokkaido, Japan. Data were divided into four datasets; for the first, second, third and fourth lactations. Two analyses were performed on data from each lactation. First, ANOVA was used to estimate the significance of the effects of several environmental factors on MUN and DCPun, after absorbing the Herd-Test-Day (HTD) effects. The effects of DIM and age.season effects had significant impact on MUN and DCPun. The second used a multi-traits repeatability model (MTRM) to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations of milk with MUN and DCPun. Heritability estimates for MUN and DCPun in the first, second, and third lactations were 0.21:0.16, 0.20:0.16, and 0.20:0.18, respectively. Genetic correlations for milk with MUN and DCPun in the first, second, and third lactations were 0.02 - 0.17, and -0.25 - -0.39, respectively. The results indicate that MUN and DCPun are possibly effective tools for improving the energy balance, but that the relationships between MUN and other economically important traits such as feed efficiency, metabolic disease and fertility are still necessary.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the repeatability of the electrical measurement of taste detection on different dates and in different sessions in healthy young females. Methods: The sites of electrical stimulation were the tip of the tongue, the posterolateral border of the tongue and the soft palate on the right side unilaterally. The measurements were repeated over three consecutive days, three sessions per day and three times for each session in seventeen healthy females. The repeatability of the measurement was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: In the dB unit, the ICC of the tip of the tongue and the soft palate was good (61.03 and 66.03, respectively); however, the lateral border of the tongue was a little lower (58.07). In the ㎂ unit, all three test sites had poor ICC. Variability was more significantly associated with the subject factor than with other factors such as trials, sessions and days in dB and ㎂ units. Conclusions: Electrogustometry, which measures electrical taste detection thresholds in the dB unit, is repeatable and acceptable for clinical use in assessing taste function in healthy young females.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.890-893
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• 2004

The ultra precision machining in industrial field are increased day by day. The diamond turning has been used generally, but now is faced with limitation of use, because of higher requirement of production field. The electron beam lithography is alternative in machining area as semiconductor production. For EB lithography, 5 axis vacuum stage is required to duplicate small and large patterns on wafer. The stage is composed of 2 rotational axis and 3 translational axis with 5 DC servo motors. The positioning repeatability and resolution of Z axis feed unit are 3.21$\mu$m and 0.5 $\mu$m/step enough to apply to lithography.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1382-1387
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• 2017

Objective: During the last decade, genetic evaluation of dairy cows using longitudinal data (test day milk yield or 305-day milk yield) using random regression method has been officially adopted in several countries. The objectives of this study were to estimate covariance functions for genetic and permanent environmental effects and to obtain genetic parameters of 305-day milk yield over seven parities. Methods: Data including 60,279 total 305-day milk yield of 17,309 Iranian Holstein dairy cows in 7 parities calved between 20 to 140 months between 2004 and 2011. Residual variances were modeled by homogeneous and step functions with 7 and 10 classes. Results: The results showed that a third order polynomial for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects plus a step function with 10 classes for the residual variance was the most adequate and parsimonious model to describe the covariance structure of the data. Heritability estimates obtained by this model varied from 0.17 to 0.28. The performance of this model was better than repeatability model. Moreover, 10 classes of residual variance produce the more accurate result than 7 classes or homogeneous residual effect. Conclusion: A quadratic Legendre polynomial for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects with 10 step function residual classes are sufficient to produce a parsimonious model that explained the change in 305-day milk yield over consecutive parities of Iranian Holstein cows.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Ethychlozate (ECZ) is a plant growth regulator of synthetic auxin for agricultural commodities (ACs). Accurate and sensitive method to determine ECZ in diverse ACs on global official purpose is required to legal residue regulation. As the current official method is confined to the limited type of crops with poor validation, this study was conducted to improve and extend the ECZ method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in all the registered crops with method verification. METHODS AND RESULTS: ECZ and its acidic metabolite (ECZA) were both extracted from acidified samples with acetone and briefly purified by dichloromethane partition. ECZ was hydrolyzed to form ECZA and the combined ECZA was finally purified by ion-associated partition including hexane-washing. The instrumental quantitation was performed using HPLC/ FLD under ion-suppression of ECZA with no interference by sample co-extractives. The average recoveries of intra- and inter-day experiment ranged from 82.0 to 105.2% and 81.7 to 102.8%, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility for intra- and inter-day measurements expressed as a relative standard deviation was less than 8.7% and 7.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Established analytical method for ECZ residue in ACs was applicable to the nation-wide pesticide residues monitoring program with the acceptable level of sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for worm resistance (WR) and associated characteristics, using the linear-threshold animal model via Bayesian inference in single- and multiple-trait analyses. Methods: Data were collected from a herd of Santa Inês breed sheep. All information was collected with animals submitted to natural contamination conditions. All data (number of eggs per gram of feces [FEC], Famacha score [FS], body condition score [BCS], and hematocrit [HCT]) were collected on the same day. The animals were weighed individually on the day after collection (after 12-h fasting). The WR trait was defined by the multivariate cluster analysis, using the FEC, HCT, BCS, and FS of material collected from naturally infected sheep of the Santa Inês breed. The variance components and genetic parameters for the WR, FEC, HCT, BCS, and FS traits were estimated using the Bayesian inference under the linear and threshold animal model. Results: A low magnitude was obtained for repeatability of worm-related traits. The mean values estimated for heritability were of low-to-high (0.05 to 0.88) magnitude. The FEC, HCT, BCS, FS, and body weight traits showed higher heritability (although low magnitude) in the multiple-trait model due to increased information about traits. All WR characters showed a significant genetic correlation, and heritability estimates ranged from low (0.44; single-trait model) to high (0.88; multiple-trait model). Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest that FS be included as a criterion of ovine genetic selection for endoparasite resistance using the trait defined by multivariate cluster analysis, as it will provide greater genetic gains when compared to any single trait. In addition, its measurement is easy and inexpensive, exhibiting greater heritability and repeatability and a high genetic correlation with the trait of resistance to worms.