• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2009

Because of the heat island phenomenon and sea wind, there can be thermal conditions' differences around buildings at downtown and coastal area respectively in coastal city, like Busan, Incheon, Mokpo. For the final purpose of the buildings' energy saving design and operation considering of above mentioned environments differences, energy consumption including heating and cooling loads, electric loads are necessary to be accumulated and analyzed in as the database. As a part of this concept, this study aims to survey and analyze each loads of 22 apartments which has at least 100 households respectively and is located at Yeongdo island, Busan, Korea It is cleared that despite the residents living in this district can use sea wind as a natural ventilation and/or cooling methods, they mainly depends on the electric-driven air-conditioners for cooling with window-closed because of anti-salt problems of the sea wind. This leads the maximum power consumption of the surveyed-22-apartments to be appeared in August like that of inland buildings.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.176-182
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• 2007

The natural treasure is not only a product of nature and but also a heritage we need to protect. Among natural treasures, because an animal and a plant have lives, one of them are sure to be disappeared. The natural treasure, Sok-ri mountain's Jungyeepoomsong is unique. It is the only alive tree which secure a government position. Currently the Jungyeepoomsong gets into difficulty because of natural disasters and insect attacks. In addition, it is in a critical condition of dying old since the age of the tree is over 600 years. The purpose of this paper is to investigate plans for tourism resources of the Jungyeepoomsong. Because the Jungyeepoomsong is a rare variety, it can be commercialized as a plant resource. Also, it can be used as the method of creating income for local residents. To achieve research objective, this paper proposes the plans of a lineage certification using a genetic analysis technology, a genealogical table control system utilizing purebred preservation and storytelling, a database construction between producers, sellers, and owners, a tourism event, a method of building Jungyeepoomsong's brand and preserving its value.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.421-432
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• 2018

Objectives: In this study, we started to develop an indoor garden integrated IoT solution based on IAQ (indoor air quality) and interconnection with an environmental database for smart management of indoor gardens. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply an integrated solution for customized air purification from an indoor garden through big data analysis using IoT technology. Methods: An IoT-based IAQ monitoring system was established in three households within a new apartment building. Based on real-time and long-term data collected, $PM_{2.5}$, $CO_2$, temperature, and humidity changes were compared to those of indoor garden applications and the analyzed results were indexed. Results As a result of the installation, all three households had no results exceeding the standard for indoor air pollution on average $PM_{2.5}$ and $CO_2$ indices. In the case of indoor garden installation, the IAQ index increased to the "Good" section after the installation, and readings in the "Bad" section shown before the installation disappeared. The comfort index also did not dip into the "Uncomfortable" section, where it had been preinstallation, and significantly lowered the average score from "Uncomfortable for sensitive groups" to "Good". Overall, the IAQ composite index for the generation of installations decreased the "Good" interval, but "Bad" did not appear. Conclusions In this study on developing an integrated solution for IAQ based on IoT indoor gardens, big data was analyzed to determine IAQ and comfort indexes and an IAQ composite index. Through this process, it became understood that it is necessary to monitor IAQ based on IoT.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.133-146
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• 1999

Generally, to carry out environmental impact assessment(EIA) for a dam construction, enormous environment data should be collected and managed using scientific methods. But greatness of the area, hugeness of environmental data and deficiency of proper analysis tool caused a trouble in environmental data management and EIA More efficient assessment tool is needed in EIA Therefore this research uses GIS for systematic management of the environment factors, and ante-assessment and post-assessment for environmental impact of dam construction. For this purpose, environmental database of related environmental factors were built and by using GIS more efficient EIA was carried out. The results of this research show that systematic EIA data management and efficient environment analysis can be possible by using GIS. Graphic representation of the analysis results makes it possible for more easy understanding to the residents and decision-makers. This development of environmental information system has showed the methodology of more efficient EIA.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-52
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• 2023

The astronomic observatory of Graw Village is located on Mount Dari Lolikan, facing the village. Graw is located in the foothills of Mount Ser-i-Rash, 25 km northeast of Erbil Governorate, Iraq. This study attempts to clarify the foundations of this observatory, its components, as well as the founder and the date of its establishment. The study made efforts to clarify the benefits of this calendar to local residents in their daily lives. The database for this study is based on direct observation of the observatory station. The observation included the recording date and position of sunset and the appearance of stars throughout the year. Observation and documentation for both sunset and stars were performed over several years due to weather conditions since observation was not possible on foggy and rainy days and nights. Each observation took five to ten minutes depending on the clarity of the sky. The observatory consists of a group of stone cones. Each cone was built by stones in a specific location after careful and long observation of the sunset. Efforts were made to observe the disappearance and reappearance of the stars based on the change in the position of the Earth in relation to the sun. Graw's calendar helped to recognize important times of the year, such as the winter and summer forties, which were very important, especially when snow covered the roads, transportation stopped, crops spoiled, and pets stayed in their barn. The most important features of the winter forties are the memories, experiences, and minds of the villagers' ancestors. The forties were associated with the arrival of cold and heavier rain throughout the year, which is consistent with modern science, as the angle at which the Earth rotates increases the number and activity of weather depressions that affect the study area during this period. This observatory has a close connection with the daily life of the villagers, especially in the past centuries. It helped the people of the area in their appointments to carry out their work in the field of agriculture. The observatory was also of great importance in the field of education in the past centuries, especially in traditional religious schools. It also appears from this research that the calendar has ancient roots, which extend back thousands of years, as evidenced by the Ezidis who follow an ancient religion whose roots extend back thousands of years and who fast during both the winter and summer forties annually, with the participation of people in various regions of the world. It is not known who made this astronomic observatory but most of the oral information that has been passed down to us by word of mouth agrees on both Mullah Abdullah Al-Kurdi and Mullah Omar. Likely, this astronomic observatory was built around the late 17^th and early 18^th centuries.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.479-492
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• 2020

Background: As the prevalence of hypertension is increasing in Korea, the government is seeking policy actions to manage patients with hypertension more efficiently. In this paper, we aimed to identify factors associated with the use of medical care at hospitals among outpatients with hypertension. Methods: We analyzed a total of 15,040 cases of 3,877 outpatients with hypertension obtained from the Korea Medical Panel database from 2010 to 2016. The dependent variable was whether a patient with hypertension visited a hospital or not; and independent variables were the patient's various socio-demographic, health-related, and heath-status characteristics. We conducted a generalized linear mixed model analysis with logit link for all the cases and then conducted it stratified by gender. Results: As a result of a multivariable analysis, women were less likely than to visit at a hospital (odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.61) and people aged 65 years and older than those aged less than 65 years (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89). Residents in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam were more likely than those in than Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, and Jeju to visit a hospital (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.05-1.86). The likelihood of visiting a hospital was high in people belonging to a group of: the highest level of annual household income (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.30-2.29); Medical care aid recipients (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.34-2.83); people having three or more complex chronic diseases (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.19-2.11); people having diabetes (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.41-2.32); or people having ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease (OR, 6.80; 95% CI, 5.28-8.76). Also, we found that factors associated with the use of medical care at hospitals among outpatients with hypertension differed between genders. Conclusion: A variety of factors seem to be associated with the use of medical care at hospitals among outpatients with hypertension. Future research needs to find a way to help patients with hypertension visit an appropriate medical institution between clinics and hospitals.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.1 s.28
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• pp.69-77
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• 2004

Since there are a lot of changes in climate on domestic and natural disasters owing to the disturbance-development of the land, damages of properties and human life frequently occur due to the coastal floodings. Accordingly, it is necessary to find the area where the danger of flooding coasts is relatively high and to inform resident the characteristics of the area As a part of preventive land management to minimize the flooding damages of the coastal area, this study suggested the generation of the coastal flood hazard map that provides detailed information such as refuge path, a place of refuge, and the location of medical supplies, food, and main rescue equipment, etc. This study selected the southern region of Daebu-do as an exemplary area, conducted a document study to establish GIS data, secured pre-structured data, and suggested the method of establishing GIS data fit to the study area. In particular, it emphasized the efficient construction of the geographical spatial data that were accurate, economic, objective, and realistic in supporting the modeling to predict the flooding zone. The specific type of established database was divided into flooding risk area, flooding warning area, and flooding-volume area. The prototype of coastal flood hazard map can be widely used for efficient disaster management. Furthermore, it is considered that the map could be applied for arousing residents' attentions to the flooding, prior education, and local governments' management actions against the danger of flooding.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.25-56
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• 2006

We reviewed and compared nationwide surveys conducted in advanced countries (i.e., Japan, Germany, USA, and UK) with those in Korea, including the third Nationwide Survey of Natural Environments, which began in 2006 and will proceed until 2010. Based on this comparative analysis, we suggest alternatives to the nationwide survey of natural environments that are suited to Korea. Given the focus on species abundances and distributions in previous nationwide surveys in Korea, surveys of habitats, ecosystems, and ecoregions are required to more effectively protect biological resources in Korea. Furthermore, their spatial distributions should be mapped using periodical satellite images and aerial photographs. In particular, satellite images can be used to survey species, habitats, and ecosystems. Natural resources monitoring and management specialists are needed to collect various data and improve survey results. The participation of community volunteers is also important to develop an awareness in local residents of natural environment conservation. Independent survey institute (i.e., a 'National Ecosystem Institute') should be established to develop a database and survey scheme for species, habitats, and ecosystems throughout Korea. Moreover, the survey institute could develop natural environmental policy through the data analysis to meet the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The establishment of a survey institute will allow the completion of a natural environment survey that considers various factors, including physical habitat conditions. This will allow us to detect subtle changes in species abundance and spatial distributions and provide accurate and timely information on natural environments.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2006

In this paper, we researched the searching and tracking locations of a home resident using ON/OFF switches and sensors and designed a remote monitoring system. As an implementation environment, this system is developed on the base of the distributed object group framework we have developed from previous works. In order to trace the moving locations of a home resident, we firstly showed a home structure which attaches ON/OFF switches and sensors to home appliances and indoor facilities being fixed in home. Whenever a home resident opens/closes these objects, the signals operated from ON/OFF switches and sensors are sent to a home server system. In this time, the real locations of ON/OFF switches and sensors that the signals are being occurred must be the current location that he/she stays. A home server system provides the functionalities that map the real location of a resident in home to virtual location designed on remote desk-tops or terminals like PDAs, and that construct a healthcare database consisted of moving patterns, moving ranges, momentum for analyzing the given searching locations and times Finally, this system provides these information for remotely monitoring services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 2015

The survey was taken from July to August 2012 by users who visited Gyeongju National Park to compare the perceived gap of users regarding management policy by characteristic of Gyeongju National Park district type in this study. Gyeongju National Park users' characteristic, use pattern and perception regarding park management policy were created as survey items. First, district type was classified based on use pattern of the visitor and the key resources of 8 districts in Gyeongju National Park. Tohamsan District, which has many visitors for the purpose of scenery appreciation and recreation with Bulguksa and Seokguram Grotto, is classified as tourism type, Namsan and Daebon District, which bring in many visitors seeking to learn about historical culture and environmental education, could be classified as historical culture education types, and Hwarang, Seoak, Sogeum River, Gumisan District are places residents use for physical training, hiking and walking to improve health, thus classifying them as neighborhood park types. People perceived that the tourism type is where users for historical artifact tours are concentrated, thus consideration for plans that can improve visitors' satisfaction from a user limit policy is required, and a manager's right to control use behavior must be reinforced in historical culture education types. On the other hand, users of neighborhood parks found the lowest necessity for most of the policy, and this showed that users of each of Gyeongju National Park's districts felt differently about the need for policies. This result is expected to be utilized as a database for introducing policy that reflects the perception of users in each districts of Gyeongju National Park in the future.