• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2013

컴퓨터 시스템 운용 간에 발생하는 많은 정보들이 기록되는 로그데이터는 컴퓨터 시스템 운용 점검, 프로세스의 최적화, 사용자 최적화 맞춤형 제공 등 다방면으로 활용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 종류의 로그데이터들 중에서 은행에서 발생하는 대용량의 로그데이터를 처리하기 위한 클라우드 환경 하에서의 MongoDB 기반 비정형 로그 처리시스템을 제안한다. 은행업무간 발생하는 대부분의 로그데이터는 고객의 업무처리 프로세스 간에 발생하며, 고객 업무 프로세스 처리에 따른 로그데이터를 수집, 저장, 분류, 분석하기 위해서는 별도로 로그데이터를 처리하는 시스템을 구축해야만 한다. 하지만 기존 컴퓨팅환경 하에서는 폭발적으로 증가하는 대용량 비정형 로그데이터 처리를 위한 유연한 스토리지 확장성 기능, 저장된 비정형 로그데이터를 분류, 분석 처리할 수 있는 기능을 구현하기가 매우 어렵다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술을 도입하여 기존 컴퓨팅 인프라 환경의 분석 도구 및 관리체계에서 처리하기 어려웠던 비정형 로그데이터를 처리하기 위한 클라우드 환경기반의 로그데이터 처리시스템을 제안하고 구현하였다. 제안한 본 시스템은 IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service) 클라우드 환경을 도입하여 컴퓨팅 자원의 유연한 확장성을 제공하며 실제로, 로그데이터가 장기간 축적되거나 급격하게 증가하는 상황에서 스토리지, 메모리 등의 자원을 신속성 있고 유연하게 확장을 할 수 있는 기능을 포함한다. 또한, 축적된 비정형 로그데이터의 실시간 분석이 요구되어질 때 기존의 분석도구의 처리한계를 극복하기 위해 본 시스템은 하둡 (Hadoop) 기반의 분석모듈을 도입함으로써 대용량의 로그데이터를 빠르고 신뢰성 있게 병렬 분산 처리할 수 있는 기능을 제공한다. 게다가, HDFS(Hadoop Distributed File System)을 도입함으로써 축적된 로그데이터를 블록단위로 복제본을 생성하여 저장관리하기 때문에 본 시스템은 시스템 장애와 같은 상황에서 시스템이 멈추지 않고 작동할 수 있는 자동복구 기능을 제공한다. 마지막으로, 본 시스템은 NoSQL 기반의 MongoDB를 이용하여 분산 데이터베이스를 구축함으로써 효율적으로 비정형로그데이터를 처리하는 기능을 제공한다. MySQL과 같은 관계형 데이터베이스는 복잡한 스키마 구조를 가지고 있기 때문에 비정형 로그데이터를 처리하기에 적합하지 않은 구조를 가지고 있다. 또한, 관계형 데이터베이스의 엄격한 스키마 구조는 장기간 데이터가 축적되거나, 데이터가 급격하게 증가할 때 저장된 데이터를 분할하여 여러 노드에 분산시키는 노드 확장이 어렵다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. NoSQL은 관계형 데이터베이스에서 제공하는 복잡한 연산을 지원하지는 않지만 데이터가 빠르게 증가할 때 노드 분산을 통한 데이터베이스 확장이 매우 용이하며 비정형 데이터를 처리하는데 매우 적합한 구조를 가지고 있는 비관계형 데이터베이스이다. NoSQL의 데이터 모델은 주로 키-값(Key-Value), 컬럼지향(Column-oriented), 문서지향(Document-Oriented)형태로 구분되며, 제안한 시스템은 스키마 구조가 자유로운 문서지향(Document-Oriented) 데이터 모델의 대표 격인 MongoDB를 도입하였다. 본 시스템에 MongoDB를 도입한 이유는 유연한 스키마 구조에 따른 비정형 로그데이터 처리의 용이성뿐만 아니라, 급격한 데이터 증가에 따른 유연한 노드 확장, 스토리지 확장을 자동적으로 수행하는 오토샤딩 (AutoSharding) 기능을 제공하기 때문이다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템은 크게 로그 수집기 모듈, 로그 그래프생성 모듈, MongoDB 모듈, Hadoop기반 분석 모듈, MySQL 모듈로 구성되어져 있다. 로그 수집기 모듈은 각 은행에서 고객의 업무 프로세스 시작부터 종료 시점까지 발생하는 로그데이터가 클라우드 서버로 전송될 때 로그데이터 종류에 따라 데이터를 수집하고 분류하여 MongoDB 모듈과 MySQL 모듈로 분배하는 기능을 수행한다. 로그 그래프생성 모듈은 수집된 로그데이터를 분석시점, 분석종류에 따라 MongoDB 모듈, Hadoop기반 분석 모듈, MySQL 모듈에 의해서 분석되어진 결과를 사용자에게 웹 인터페이스 형태로 제공하는 역할을 한다. 실시간적 로그데이터분석이 필요한 로그데이터는 MySQL 모듈로 저장이 되어 로그 그래프생성 모듈을 통하여 실시간 로그데이터 정보를 제공한다. 실시간 분석이 아닌 단위시간당 누적된 로그데이터의 경우 MongoDB 모듈에 저장이 되고, 다양한 분석사항에 따라 사용자에게 그래프화해서 제공된다. MongoDB 모듈에 누적된 로그데이터는 Hadoop기반 분석모듈을 통해서 병렬 분산 처리 작업이 수행된다. 성능 평가를 위하여 로그데이터 삽입, 쿼리 성능에 대해서 MySQL만을 적용한 로그데이터 처리시스템과 제안한 시스템을 비교 평가하였으며 그 성능의 우수성을 검증하였다. 또한, MongoDB의 청크 크기별 로그데이터 삽입 성능평가를 통해 최적화된 청크 크기를 확인하였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.210-233
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• 1993

The herbicide has become indispensable as much as nitrogen fertilizer in Korean agriculture from 1970 onwards. It is estimated that in 1991 more than 40 herbicides were registered for rice crop and treated to an area 1.41 times the rice acreage ; more than 30 herbicides were registered for field crops and treated to 89% of the crop area ; the treatment acreage of 3 non-selective foliar-applied herbicides reached 2,555 thousand hectares. During the last 25 years herbicides have benefited the Korean farmers substantially in labor, cost and time of farming. Any herbicide which causes crop injury in ordinary uses is not allowed to register in most country. Herbicides, however, can cause crop injury more or less when they are misused, abused or used under adverse environments. The herbicide use more than 100% of crop acreage means an increased probability of which herbicides are used wrong or under adverse situation. This is true as evidenced by that about 25% of farmers have experienced the herbicide caused crop injury more than once during last 10 years on authors' nationwide surveys in 1992 and 1993 ; one-half of the injury incidences were with crop yield loss greater than 10%. Crop injury caused by herbicide had not occurred to a serious extent in the 1960s when the herbicides fewer than 5 were used by farmers to the field less than 12% of total acreage. Farmers ascribed about 53% of the herbicidal injury incidences at their fields to their misuses such as overdose, careless or improper application, off-time application or wrong choice of the herbicide, etc. While 47% of the incidences were mainly due to adverse natural conditions. Such misuses can be reduced to a minimum through enhanced education/extension services for right uses and, although undesirable, increased farmers' experiences of phytotoxicity. The most difficult primary problem arises from lack of countermeasures for farmers to cope with various adverse environmental conditions. At present almost all the herbicides have"Do not use!" instructions on label to avoid crop injury under adverse environments. These "Do not use!" situations Include sandy, highly percolating, or infertile soils, cool water gushing paddy, poorly draining paddy, terraced paddy, too wet or dry soils, days of abnormally cool or high air temperature, etc. Meanwhile, the cultivated lands are under poor conditions : the average organic matter content ranges 2.5 to 2.8% in paddy soil and 2.0 to 2.6% in upland soil ; the canon exchange capacity ranges 8 to 12 m.e. ; approximately 43% of paddy and 56% of upland are of sandy to sandy gravel soil ; only 42% of paddy and 16% of upland fields are on flat land. The present situation would mean that about 40 to 50% of soil applied herbicides are used on the field where the label instructs "Do not use!". Yet no positive effort has been made for 25 years long by government or companies to develop countermeasures. It is a really sophisticated social problem. In the 1960s and 1970s a subside program to incoporate hillside red clayish soil into sandy paddy as well as campaign for increased application of compost to the field had been operating. Yet majority of the sandy soils remains sandy and the program and campaign had been stopped. With regard to this sandy soil problem the authors have developed a method of "split application of a herbicide onto sandy soil field". A model case study has been carried out with success and is introduced with key procedure in this paper. Climate is variable in its nature. Among the climatic components sudden fall or rise in temperature is hardly avoidable for a crop plant. Our spring air temperature fluctuates so much ; for example, the daily mean air temperature of Inchon city varied from 6.31 to $16.81^{\circ}C$ on April 20, early seeding time of crops, within${\times}$2Sd range of 30 year records. Seeding early in season means an increased liability to phytotoxicity, and this will be more evident in direct water-seeding of rice. About 20% of farmers depend on the cold underground-water pumped for rice irrigation. If the well is deep over 70m, the fresh water may be about $10^{\circ}C$ cold. The water should be warmed to about $20^{\circ}C$ before irrigation. This is not so practiced well by farmers. In addition to the forementioned adverse conditions there exist many other aspects to be amended. Among them the worst for liquid spray type herbicides is almost total lacking in proper knowledge of nozzle types and concern with even spray by the administrative, rural extension officers, company and farmers. Even not available in the market are the nozzles and sprayers appropriate for herbicides spray. Most people perceive all the pesticide sprayers same and concern much with the speed and easiness of spray, not with correct spray. There exist many points to be improved to minimize herbicidal phytotoxicity in Korea and many ways to achieve the goal. First of all it is suggested that 1) the present evaluation of a new herbicide at standard and double doses in registration trials is to be an evaluation for standard, double and triple doses to exploit the response slope in making decision for approval and recommendation of different dose for different situation on label, 2) the government is to recognize the facts and nature of the present problem to correct the present misperceptions and to develop an appropriate national program for improvement of soil conditions, spray equipment, extention manpower and services, 3) the researchers are to enhance researches on the countermeasures and 4) the herbicide makers/dealers are to correct their misperceptions and policy for sales, to develop database on the detailed use conditions of consumer one by one and to serve the consumers with direct counsel based on the database.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2014

구전(WOM: Word of Mouth)는 주변 사람들에게 상품에 대한 경험을 입에서 입으로 전달하는 현상을 말하며 소셜 미디어의 발전으로 온라인 구전(eWOM: Electronic Word of Mouth) 형태로 발전하였다. 구전 효과의 중요성으로 인해서 대부분의 기업들의 자사의 상품이나 서비스에 대한 온라인 구전에 촉각을 세우고 있으며, 특히 영화와 같은 경험재의 경우에는 그 영향력이 더욱 크다. 본 연구에서는 영화 커뮤니티에 대한 사회 네트워크 분석을 통해서 영화 흥행성과 지표인 매출에 미치는 영향요인을 규명하고자 한다. 영화 흥행성과 연구들에서 주요하게 다루어진 영화에 대한 구전의 크기(volume)와 방향성(valence)과 같은 구전 요인들을 추가하여, 구전 네트워크의 중심성 척도를 영향 요인에 고려하였다. 구전의 크기, 방향성, 그리고 3가지 중심성 척도(연결 중심성, 매개 중심성, 근접 중심성)의 최종 영화 매출에 영향 관계를 가설로 설정하였다. 제시한 연구 모형을 검증하기 위하여 대표적인 온라인 영화 커뮤니티 사이트인 IMDb(Internet Movie Database)에서 영화 구전 데이터를 수집하였고, Box-Office-Mojo사이트에서 영화 매출 데이터를 수집하였다. 2012년 9월부터 1년 동안, 주간 Top-10에 포함된 적이 있는 영화들을 대상으로 하였으며, 총 103개의 영화가 선정되어 이 영화들에 대한 메타 데이터와 커뮤니티 데이터가 수집되었다. 영화 커뮤니티 네트워크는 평가자들간의 댓글 관계를 기초로 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 3가지 중심성 척도는 사회 네트워크 분석 도구인 NodeXL을 사용하여 계산되었으며, 각 영화별 커뮤니티 참여자들의 중심성 척도의 평균값을 활용하였다. 가설 검증의 사전 분석을 위한 상관관계 분석에서는 3가지 중심성 척도간에 상관 관계가 높은 것으로 파악되어서, 각각에 대하여 별도로 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 기존 연구와 일관성 있게 구전의 크기와 방향성은 영화 성과지표인 최종 매출에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 구전 네트워크 내의 참여자 매개중심성 평균은 영화의 최종 매출에 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 하지만 연결중심성과 근접중심성은 최종 매출에 영향을 주지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.127-148
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• 2020

데이터 센터는 컴퓨터 시스템과 관련 구성요소를 수용하기 위한 물리적 환경시설로, 빅데이터, 인공지능 스마트 공장, 웨어러블, 스마트 홈 등 차세대 핵심 산업의 필수 기반기술이다. 특히, 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 성장으로 데이터 센터 인프라의 비례적 확장은 불가피하다. 이러한 데이터 센터 설비의 상태를 모니터링하는 것은 시스템을 유지, 관리하고 장애를 예방하기 위한 방법이다. 설비를 구성하는 일부 요소에 장애가 발생하는 경우 해당 장비뿐 아니라 연결된 다른 장비에도 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 막대한 손해를 초래할 수 있다. 특히, IT 시설은 상호의존성에 의해 불규칙하고 원인을 알기 어렵다. 데이터 센터 내 장애를 예측하는 선행연구에서는, 장치들이 혼재된 상황임을 가정하지 않고 단일 서버를 단일 상태로 보고 장애를 예측했다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 서버 내부에서 발생하는 장애(Outage A)와 서버 외부에서 발생하는 장애(Outage B)로 데이터 센터 장애를 구분하고, 서버 내에서 발생하는 복합적인 장애 분석에 중점을 두었다. 서버 외부 장애는 전력, 냉각, 사용자 실수 등인데, 이와 같은 장애는 데이터 센터 설비 구축 초기 단계에서 예방이 가능했기 때문에 다양한 솔루션이 개발되고 있는 상황이다. 반면 서버 내 발생하는 장애는 원인 규명이 어려워 아직까지 적절한 예방이 이뤄지지 못하고 있다. 특히 서버 장애가 단일적으로 발생하지 않고, 다른 서버 장애의 원인이 되기도 하고, 다른 서버부터 장애의 원인이 되는 무언가를 받기도 하는 이유다. 즉, 기존 연구들은 서버들 간 영향을 주지 않는 단일 서버인 상태로 가정하고 장애를 분석했다면, 본 연구에서는 서버들 간 영향을 준다고 가정하고 장애 발생 상태를 분석했다. 데이터 센터 내 복합 장애 상황을 정의하기 위해, 데이터 센터 내 존재하는 각 장비별로 장애가 발생한 장애 이력 데이터를 활용했다. 본 연구에서 고려되는 장애는 Network Node Down, Server Down, Windows Activation Services Down, Database Management System Service Down으로 크게 4가지이다. 각 장비별로 발생되는 장애들을 시간 순으로 정렬하고, 특정 장비에서 장애가 발생하였을 때, 발생 시점으로부터 5분 내 특정 장비에서 장애가 발생하였다면 이를 동시에 장애가 발생하였다고 정의하였다. 이렇게 동시에 장애가 발생한 장비들에 대해서 Sequence를 구성한 후, 구성한 Sequence 내에서 동시에 자주 발생하는 장비 5개를 선정하였고, 선정된 장비들이 동시에 장애가 발생된 경우를 시각화를 통해 확인하였다. 장애 분석을 위해 수집된 서버 리소스 정보는 시계열 단위이며 흐름성을 가진다는 점에서 이전 상태를 통해 다음 상태를 예측할 수 있는 딥러닝 알고리즘인 LSTM(Long Short-term Memory)을 사용했다. 또한 단일 서버와 달리 복합장애는 서버별로 장애 발생에 끼치는 수준이 다르다는 점을 감안하여 Hierarchical Attention Network 딥러닝 모델 구조를 활용했다. 본 알고리즘은 장애에 끼치는 영향이 클 수록 해당 서버에 가중치를 주어 예측 정확도를 높이는 방법이다. 연구는 장애유형을 정의하고 분석 대상을 선정하는 것으로 시작하여, 첫 번째 실험에서는 동일한 수집 데이터에 대해 단일 서버 상태와 복합 서버 상태로 가정하고 비교분석하였다. 두 번째 실험은 서버의 임계치를 각각 최적화 하여 복합 서버 상태일 때의 예측 정확도를 향상시켰다. 단일 서버와 다중 서버로 각각 가정한 첫 번째 실험에서 단일 서버로 가정한 경우 실제 장애가 발생했음에도 불구하고 5개 서버 중 3개의 서버에서는 장애가 발생하지 않은것으로 예측했다. 그러나 다중 서버로 가정했을때에는 5개 서버 모두 장애가 발생한 것으로 예측했다. 실험 결과 서버 간 영향이 있을 것이라고 추측한 가설이 입증된 것이다. 연구결과 단일 서버로 가정했을 때 보다 다중 서버로 가정했을 때 예측 성능이 우수함을 확인했다. 특히 서버별 영향이 다를것으로 가정하고 Hierarchical Attention Network 알고리즘을 적용한 것이 분석 효과를 향상시키는 역할을 했다. 또한 각 서버마다 다른 임계치를 적용함으로써 예측 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있었다. 본 연구는 원인 규명이 어려운 장애를 과거 데이터를 통해 예측 가능하게 함을 보였고, 데이터 센터의 서버 내에서 발생하는 장애를 예측할 수 있는 모델을 제시했다. 본 연구결과를 활용하여 장애 발생을 사전에 방지할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2001

목적 : 직장암에 대한 수술 단독 또는 수술후 방사선치료를 받은 환자를 대상으로 골반종양제어율과 생존율, 합병증 발생률, 예후인자 등을 후향적으로 비교 분석하여 방사선치료의 역할을 평가한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1982년 2월부터 1996년 12월까지 총 212명의 환자가 modified Astler-Coiler 병기 $B2\~C3$ 직장암으로 진단되어 근치적목적의 수술단독 또는 수술후 방사선치료를 시행하였는데, 이중 39.6 Gy 미만의 방사선치료를 받은 18명을 제외한 194명을 대상으로 하였다. 104명은 수술후 방사선치료를 받았고 90명은 수술 단독을 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 일일 조사량 $1.8\~2.0\;Gy$로 주 5회씩 전골반강에 $39.6\~55.8\;Gy$ (평균:49.9 Gy)를 조사하였고 필요시 원발 종양 절제부위에 $5.4\~10\;Gy$를 추가 조사하였다. 생존율과 골반종양제어율의 산출은 Kaplan-Meier방법으로, 이들의 통계적 유의성검증은 Log-rank test로 하였다. 다요인 분석은 Cox proportional hazards model을 이용하였다. 결과 : 전체 환자의 5년 생존율 및 무병 생존율은 각각 $53\%,\;49\%$이었다. 수술단독군과 방사선치료 추가군의 5년 생존율은 각각 $63\%$와 $45\%$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.03). 그러나 이러한 차이는 방사선치료 추가군에서 진행된 병기의 환자가 더 많이 분포함에 기인한 것으로 생각되었다(p<0.05 by $\chi^2-test$). 수술단독군과 방사선치료 추가군의 5년생존율은 병기 B2+3, C1, C2+3 군에서 각각 $68\%$ 대 $55\%$ (p=0.09), $100\%$ 대 $100\%,\;40\%$ 대 $33\%$ (p=0.71)로 두 군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 위의 병기별 5년 무병생존율은 각각 $65\%$ 대 $49\%$ (p=0.14), $100\%$ 대 $100\%,\;33\%$ 대 $31\%$ (p=0.46)로 역시 유의한 차이는 없었다. 전체 환자의 5년 골반종양제어율은 $72.5\%$이었다. 수술단독군과 방사선치료 추가군의 골반종양제어율은 각각 $71\%,\;74\%$이었다(p=0.41). 병기 B2+3, C1, C2+3군에서 수술달독군과 방사선치료 추가군의 골반종양제어율은 각각 $79\%$ 대 $75\%$ (p=0.88), $100\%$ 대 $100\%,\;44\%$ 대 $68\%$ (p=0.01)이었다. 전체 환자를 대상으로 다요인 분석을 시행한 결과 생존율과 무병생존율에 병기만이 유의하였고 두 치료 군에서도 역시 병기가 유의한 인자로 나타났다. 전체환자에서 골반종양제어율에 유의한 예후인자로 다요인분석을 시행한 결과 병기와 수술방법이 유의하였다. 수술단독군에서는 병기만이 유의하였고 방사선치료 추가군에서는 수술방법만이 유의하여 복부회음절제술군의 골반종양재발률이 높았다. 결론 : 본 후향적 연구에서 수술 후 보조적 방사선치료를 시행하여 수술단독군에 비해 병기 C2+3군에서 골반종양제어율이 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 병기 B2이상의 모든 환자에서 골반종양제어율 뿐만 아니라 생존율의 향상을 가져오기 위해서는 최근 효용성이 널리 입증된 연속주사법의 5-FU를 포함한 동시적 항함화학방사선 병용요법이 시도되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.57-71
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• 2013

세계에는 수많은 사람들이 살아가고 있고, 사람들의 일상으로부터 매일, 매 시간 단위로 새로운 뉴스가 발생한다. 발생되는 뉴스는 예정된 일과 예상하지 못한 일들을 포함하고 있다. 발생하는 뉴스의 거대한 양과 이를 전달하는 수많은 미디어들로 인해 사람들은 뉴스 콘텐츠를 이용하는데 많은 시간을 소비하게 된다. 하지만 미디어에 시시각각 나타나는 속보와 실시간 이슈의 대부분이 가십 기사로 이루어져 있어 사용자들이 자신의 성향에 맞는 뉴스를 선별하고, 뉴스로부터 정보를 획득하는 것은 쉽지 않은 일이다. 또한 사용자의 관심사가 시간에 따라 변하기 때문에 뉴스 제공에 있어 사용자의 변하는 관심사를 반영하는 것이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 최근 관심사를 기반으로 사용자 선호도에 맞는 뉴스를 제공하기 위한 콘텐츠 기반의 추천 기법 및 시스템을 제안한다. 사용자의 최근 선호도를 파악하기 위하여 소셜 네트워크 서비스인 Facebook 사용자의 정보와 최근 게시글을 이용하여 동적으로 사용자 프로파일을 생성하여 이를 뉴스 서비스에 활용하고, 사용자 선호도에 적합한 뉴스를 추출하기 위해서 뉴스 콘텐츠의 분석을 요구한다. 뉴스 콘텐츠 분석을 위해 미디어에서 제공되는 뉴스의 카테고리를 사용하고, 뉴스 방송원고의 분석 및 주요 키워드 추출을 통해 뉴스 프로파일을 생성한다. 사용자 프로파일과 뉴스 프로파일 간의 유사도 측정을 위해서는 두 프로파일 간 형식의 일치화가 요구되므로 사용자 프로파일을 뉴스 프로파일과 동일한 형태로 생성한다. 사용자가 시스템에 접속하면 시스템은 사용자 프로파일에 명시된 선호도를 기반으로 뉴스 프로파일과의 유사도를 측정하고, 사용자 선호도에 가장 적합한 뉴스들을 제공하게 된다. 또한 사용자에게 제공된 뉴스 프로파일과 다른 뉴스 프로파일들 간에 유사도를 측정하여 유사도가 높은 관련된 뉴스들을 제공하게 된다. 제안한 개인화된 뉴스 서비스의 성능을 평가하기 위해 사용자에게 추천된 뉴스에 대한 사용자 평가와 시스템 예측값의 오차를 기반으로 6Sub-Vectors 벤치마크 알고리즘과 성능 평가를 수행하였고, 실험 결과를 통해 제안한 시스템의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.77-97
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• 2019

제 4차 산업혁명의 초연결 환경에서 발생하는 많은 양의 데이터는 제 4차 산업혁명을 기존의 생산 환경과 구분지어 주는 주요한 요소이다. 이러한 환경은 데이터를 필요로 하는 동시에 데이터를 생산하는 양면적인 특징을 가진다. 때문에 앞으로의 정보 시스템은 기존의 정보시스템보다 양적인 측면에서 더 많은 데이터를 처리해야 하며, 질적인 측면에서는 많은 데이터 중 사용자의 목적에 부합하는 목표 데이터만을 추출하는 능력이 요구된다. 작은 규모의 정보 시스템에서는 사람이 그 시스템을 정확히 이해하고 필요한 정보를 획득하는 것이 가능하지만, 시스템에 대해 정확한 이해가 어려워진 다양하고 복잡한 시스템에서는 원하는 정보를 획득하는 것이 점점 더 어려워진다. 이러한 문제는 데이터를 사람뿐 아니라 컴퓨터가 이해할 수 있는 온톨로지로 표현하여 다양한 정보처리가 가능하도록 하는 시맨틱 웹(Semantic Web) 구축이 해결책이 될 수 있다. 군에서도 현재 대부분의 업무가 정보 시스템을 통해 이루어지고 있는데, 정보의 입력이나 가공 등 단순처리 중심으로 구축된 기존 시스템이 점점 더 많은 양의 데이터를 포함하게 되면서 시스템을 쉽게 활용하기 위한 노력이 필요한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 온톨로지를 통한 지능형 의사결정지원시스템의 예로 온톨로지 기반 군수상황관리체계를 제안하고자 한다. 온톨로지 기반 군수상황관리체계는 기존의 군수정보체계의 복잡한 정보를 직관적으로 보여주기 위해 구축된 군수상황관리체계를 온톨로지를 통해 구축하였으며, 성과기반군수지원 계약관리, 부품사전 등의 유용한 기능을 추가 식별하여 온톨로지에 포함하였다. 또한 구축된 온톨로지가 의사결정지원에 활용할 수 있는지를 확인하기 위해 시맨틱 웹 기술을 통해 기본적인 질의응답은 물론 추론 및 함수를 통한 분석기능을 구현하였다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2020

인간의 특성과 관련된 측정 항목을 나타내는 생체정보는 도난이나 분실의 염려가 없으므로 높은 신뢰성을 가진 보안 기술로서 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 이러한 생체정보 중 지문은 본인 인증, 신원 파악 등의 분야에 주로 사용된다. 신원을 파악할 때 지문 이미지에 인증을 수행하기 어려운 상처, 주름, 습기 등의 문제가 있을 경우, 지문 전문가가 전처리단계를 통해 직접 지문에 어떠한 문제가 있는지 파악하고 문제에 맞는 영상처리 알고리즘을 적용해 문제를 해결한다. 이때 지문에 상처와 주름이 있는 지문 영상을 판별해주는 인공지능 소프트웨어를 구현하면 손쉽게 상처나 주름의 여부를 확인할 수 있고, 알맞은 알고리즘을 선정해 쉽게 지문 이미지를 개선할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 인공지능 소프트웨어의 개발을 위해 캄보디아 왕립대학교의 학생 1,010명, Sokoto 오픈 데이터셋 600명, 국내 학생 98명의 모든 손가락 지문을 취득해 총 17,080개의 지문 데이터베이스를 구축했다. 구축한 데이터베이스에서 상처나 주름이 있는 경우를 판별하기 위해 기준을 확립하고 전문가의 검증을 거쳐 데이터 어노테이션을 진행했다. 트레이닝 데이터셋과 테스트 데이터셋은 캄보디아의 데이터, Sokoto 데이터로 구성하였으며 비율을 8:2로 설정했다. 그리고 국내 학생 98명의 데이터를 검증 데이터 셋으로 설정했다, 구성된 데이터셋을 사용해 Classic CNN, AlexNet, VGG-16, Resnet50, Yolo v3 등의 다섯 가지 CNN 기반 아키텍처를 구현해 학습을 진행했으며 지문의 상처와 주름 판독에서 가장 좋은 성능을 보이는 모델을 찾는 연구를 수행했다. 다섯가지 아키텍처 중 지문 영상에서 상처와 주름 여부를 가장 잘 판별할 수 있는 아키텍처는 ResNet50으로 검증 결과 81.51%로 가장 좋은 성능을 보였다.